Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road Second Edition by Cai Fang, Peter Nolan, Wang Linggui 1000583449 9781000583441

Part I Contribution of China’s Reform and Opening-Up to the World and Formation of the Belt and Road Initiative

1 The Historic Contribution of China’s Reform and Opening-Up to the World

The Development Process of China’s Reform and Opening-Up

The Historic Contribution of China’s Reform and Opening-Up

Notes

2 Developing an Open Economy and the Belt and Road

The Formation and Development of an Open Economy

Achievements and Prospects of Building an Open Economy

The Belt and Road Initiative Promotes the Development of an Open Economy

Notes

3 China’s Economic Restructuring and the Belt and Road

Characteristics and Process of China’s Economic Restructuring

The Path and Effectiveness of China’s Economic Restructuring

China’s Economic Restructuring and the Belt and Road Complement Each Other

Notes

4 Innovation-Driven Development and the Belt and Road

Concepts and Features of Innovation-Driven Development

Path and Achievements in Innovation-Driven Development

Innovation-Driven Development Leads the Building of the Belt and Road

Notes

5 Responsibilities of China as a Major Country and the Belt and Road

Principles and Position of Responsibilities and Accountabilities of China as a Major Country

Fields and Contributions of Responsibilities and Obligations of China as a Major Country

Responsibilities and Obligations of China for the Belt and Road

Notes

6 Confidence of a Major Country and the Belt and Road

From the “Three Aspects of Confidence” to “Four Aspects of Confidence”

The Confidence of a Major Country Must be Based on Confidence in Culture

The Belt and Road Highlights the Confidence of China as a Major Country

Notes

7 Deficit in Development and the Belt and Road

Notes

8 Deficit in Peace and the Belt and Road

Elaboration on the Concept of “Deficit in Peace” and Development

China’s New Contributions to the World in Response to a Deficit in Peace

The Significance of Coping with a Deficit in Peace Through the Belt and Road Initiative

Note

9 Deficit in Governance and the Belt and Road

The Meaning and Presentation of a Global Deficit in Governance

The Wisdom of China and Chinese Concept for the International Order

The Belt and Road Initiative Makes Up for Deficit in Global Governance

Notes

10 Development Course of the Belt and Road Initiative: Progress and Challenges

Major Progress Made in Building the Belt and Road

Major Challenges in the Belt and Road Construction

Notes

Part II Historic Inheritance

11 Naming of the Silk Road

Notes

12 A Brief History of the Silk Road

The Prehistory of the Silk Road

Zhang Qian’s Journey to the Western Regions and the Silk Road

The Prosperity of the Silk Road During the Sui and Tang Dynasties

The Decline and Rejuvenation of the Silk Road

Notes

13 The Overland Silk Road

The Basic Trend of the Desert Silk Road

The Steppe Silk Road

The Southern Silk Road

The Historical Significance of the Overland Silk Road

Notes

14 The Maritime Silk Road

The Eastern Maritime Silk Road

The Southern Maritime Silk Road

The Sea Ban and the Decline of the Dominant Power of the Maritime Silk Road

Notes

15 Silk Road and Exchanges Among Different Countries

Commodity Exchanges on the Silk Road

Frequent Flow of People on the Silk Road

Notes

16 The Silk Road Spirit

What is the Silk Road Spirit?

The Content of the Silk Road Spirit

How to Promote the Silk Road Spirit

Notes

Part III Formation and Framework of the Concept

17 Process for Proposing the Concept

President Xi Jinping Took the Lead in Issuing the Initiative

Promulgation of the “Vision and Actions”

Continual Evolvement of the Ideas of the Belt and Road

Notes

18 Background

Global Background of Building the Belt and Road

Regional Background of Building the Belt and Road

Domestic Background of Building the Belt and Road

Some Misunderstandings About the Belt and Road Initiative

Notes

19 The Belt and Road Initiative Framework

Upholding Four Concepts and Building Three Communities

Building Four Major Silk Roads

Upholding the Principles of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

Five Key Cooperation Directions

A Framework Including Six Corridors, Six Means of Communication, Multiple Countries, and Multiple Ports

The “Five Types of Connectivity”

Cooperation Mechanisms

Organisational Guarantee of the Belt and Road

Promoting the Formation of a New Pattern of Regional Economic Integration

Notes

20 Basic Contents

The Basic Content of the Silk Road Economic Belt

The Basic Content of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

The Basic Content of the Belt and Road

Notes

21 Principles of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

Proposal of the Principles of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

The Content and Internal Logic of the Principles of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Principles of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

Upholding the Principles of Extensive Consultation, Joint Contribution, and Shared Benefits

Note

22 Partners

Categories of Partners of the Belt and Road Initiative

International Relation Actors

Principal Status

Development Level

Geographical Coverage

Paths to Participate in the Belt and Road

Partners whose Strategies are Aligned with the Belt and Road Initiative or Partners with Cooperation Intention

Sovereign Countries

Northeast Asian Countries

Southeast Asian Countries

South Asian Countries

Central Asian Countries

Middle East Countries

European Countries

African Countries

Latin American and Caribbean Countries

Oceanian Countries

International Organisations

Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

Notes

23 General Ideas

Basic Positioning and Main Purposes of the Belt and Road

The Ultimate Goal of the Belt and Road

Note

24 Directions of Cooperation

Specific Contents of Cooperation

Background for Proposing the Cooperation Directions

The Role of Cooperation Direction in the Belt and Road

External Influence of Cooperation Directions

Notes

25 Cooperation Mechanisms

Top-Level Cooperation Mechanisms

Synergy with Other Development Strategies

Multilateral Cooperation Mechanisms

Bilateral Cooperation Mechanisms

Notes

26 Organisational Structure

Content and Basic Organisational Structure

Position of the Organisational Structure in the Strategic Decisions of the Central Government and its Tasks

Innovative Working Mechanism and Concept of the Leading Group in the New Stage of Deepening Reform and Opening-Up

Notes

27 General Framework

Proposal of the Concept

Main Achievements

Note

28 Detailed Blueprint

Proposal and Connotation of the Idea

Key Points of the Detailed Blueprint

Note

Part IV The Five Roads

29 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Peace

Concept and Origin of the Road of Peace

Spirit of the Road of Peace Reflected in the Belt and Road Initiative

Contribution of the Road of Peace to the World

Notes

30 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Prosperity

Concept and Origin of the Road of Prosperity

Spirit of the Road of Prosperity Reflected in the Belt and Road Initiative

Contribution of the Road of Prosperity to the World

Notes

31 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Openness

Concept and Origin of the Road of Openness

Spirit of the Road of Openness Reflected in the Belt and Road Initiative

Contribution of the Road of Openness to the World

Notes

32 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Innovation

Concept and Origin of the Road of Innovation

Spirit of the Road of Innovation Reflected in the Belt and Road Initiative

Contribution of the Road of Innovation to the World

Notes

33 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road Connecting Different Civilizations

Concept and Origin of the Road Connecting Different Civilizations

Spirit of the Road Connecting Different Civilizations Reflected in the Belt and Road Initiative

Contribution of the Road Connecting Different Civilizations to the World

Notes

Part V Five Types of Connectivity

34 Policy Coordination

The Concept of Policy Coordination

Practical Significance of Policy Coordination

Implementation Progress of Policy Coordination

35 Facilities Connectivity

The Concept of Facilities Connectivity1

Practical Significance of Facilities Connectivity

Implementation Progress of Facilities Connectivity

Notes

36 Unimpeded Trade

The Concept of Unimpeded Trade

Practical Significance of Unimpeded Trade

Implementation Progress of Unimpeded Trade3

Notes

37 Financial Integration

The Concept of Financial Integration

Practical Significance of Financial Integration

Implementation Progress of Financial Integration

38 People-to-People Bonds

The Concept of People-to-People Bonds

Practical Significance of People-to-People Bonds

Implementation Progress of People-to-People Bonds

Cultural and Academic Exchanges

Tourism Cooperation and Sports Exchanges

Disease Control and Medical Cooperation

Language Cooperation and Talent Training

Double-Track Exchange Between Political Parties and Think Tanks

People-to-People Exchange and Media Cooperation

Part VI The Six Economic Corridors

39 China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor

Concept of the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor

Details of the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor

Implementation Developments of the China–Mongolia–Russia Economic Corridor

Notes

40 The New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor

Concept of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor

Details of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor

Implementation Developments of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor

Notes

41 The China–Central Asia–West Asia Economic Corridor

Concept of the China–Central Asia–West Asia Economic Corridor

Details of the China–Central Asia–West Asia Economic Corridor

Implementation Developments of the China–Central Asia– West Asia Economic Corridor

Notes

42 The China–Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor

Concept of the China–Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor

Details of the China–Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor

Implementation Developments of the China–Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor

Notes

43 The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Concept of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Details of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Implementation Developments of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Notes

44 The Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor

Concept of the BCIM Economic Corridor

Details of the BCIM Economic Corridor

Implementation Developments of the BCIM Economic Corridor

Notes

Part VII Theories and Concepts of Foreign Affairs with Chinese Characteristics

45 Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

The Formation of the Concept of Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

The Main Content of the Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

The Practical and Theoretical Significance of Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

Notes

46 New-Type International Relations

The Formation of the New-Type International Relations

The Main Content of the New-Type International Relations

The Practical Significance of the New-Type International Relations

Notes

47 New-Type Major-Country Relations

The Formation of the Concept

The Main Content of New-Type Major-Country Relations

Realistic and Theoretical Significance of New-Type Major-Country Relations

Notes

48 The Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

Elaboration and Formation of the Concept

Main Content of the Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Concept

Notes

49 Two Centenary Goals

Proposal and Definition of the Two Centenary Goals

Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Two Centenary Goals

Notes

50 Win–Win Cooperation

The Proposal of Win–Win Cooperation

The Connotation of Win–Win Cooperation

The Practical Significance of Win–Win Cooperation

Notes