Rainfall Modeling Measurement and Applications 1st Edition by Renato Morbidelli ISBN 9780128225448 0128225440

Chapter 1 Rainfall microphysics

Abstract

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The warm rain process

1.3 Cold rain process

1.4 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2 Meteorological systems producing rainfall

Abstract

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Schematization of frontal systems

2.3 Rainfall fields associated to mid-latitude frontal systems

2.4 Interaction between frontal systems and orographic barriers in the low levels of troposphere

2.5 Study cases

2.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 3 Rainfall modeling

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Simulation of precipitating system dynamics

3.3 Modeling of cloud microphysics

3.4 Convection-permitting modeling: anelastic versus compressible approach

3.5 Prospects for future rainfall modeling

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 4 Rain gauge measurements

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Principles and operation of rain gauges

4.3 Accuracy of tipping-bucket and weighing gauges

4.4 Calibration procedures and standardization

4.5 The impact of wind on rainfall measurements

4.6 Rain gauge network design

4.7 Concluding remarks

References

Chapter 5 Rainfall estimation by weather radar

Abstract

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Rainfall microstructure

5.3 Radar principles

5.4 The radar equation

5.5 Errors in radar rainfall estimation and their correction

5.6 Radar – raingauge merging and assessment of radar rainfall uncertainty

5.7 Dual polarization

5.8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 6 Satellite rainfall estimation

Abstract

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Satellites and sensors

6.3 Precipitation retrievals from satellite observations

6.4 Validation of satellite precipitation products

6.5 Case study: hurricane Laura observed by the GPM Core Observatory

6.6 Recent developments and future directions

6.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 Time resolution of rain gauge data and its hydrological role

Abstract

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Rainfall data types

7.3 Rainfall data time-resolution in different geographic areas of the world

7.4 Effect of data time-resolution on the estimate of annual maximum rainfall depths

7.5 Rainfall data time-resolution and its role in the hydrological applications

7.6 Case study: Umbria region in central Italy

7.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 Mean areal precipitation estimation: methods and issues

Abstract

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Mean areal precipitation

8.3 Mean areal precipitation estimation: weighting methods

8.4 Surface generation methods

8.5 Radar and satellite-based methods

8.6 Computationally intensive estimation methods

8.7 Mean areal precipitation estimation: issues

8.8 Evaluation of mean areal precipitation estimation methods

8.9 Recommendations for selection of a mean areal precipitation estimation method

8.10 Conclusions

References

Chapter 9 Ombrian curves advanced to stochastic modeling of rainfall intensity

Abstract

9.1 Introduction

9.2 A stochastic framework for building ombrian models

9.3 Building a theoretically consistent ombrian model

9.4 Model fitting procedure

9.5 Development of an ombrian model for Bologna in Italy

9.6 Discussion and further aspects

9.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 10 Areal reduction factor estimate for extreme rainfall events

Abstract

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Main dependencies of areal reduction factors

10.3 Different methodologies for estimating areal ­reduction factors

10.4 Comparisons and possibility of transposition of ­different ARFs approaches

10.5 A new ARFs empirical formulation in Umbria, central Italy

10.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 11 Analysis of extreme rainfall events under the climatic change

Abstract

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Rainfall extremes and their analysis

11.3 Observed changes to rainfall extremes

11.4 Projected changes to rainfall extremes

11.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12 Rainfall regionalization techniques

Abstract

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Variables to be regionalized, data preparation, and data scarcity

12.3 Regional methods

12.4 Methods adopted in practice

12.5 Considerations on applicability and evolution of the regional frequency analyses

12.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 13 Rainfall and development of floods

Abstract

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Formation and separation of the flood hydrograph

13.3 A modeling framework for flood simulation and real-time flood forecasting

13.4 A short description of the implicit functions incorporated in the real-time flood forecasting model framework

13.5 Rainfall-runoff for designing extreme floods

13.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 14 Rainfall and infiltration

Abstract

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Rainfall-infiltration process

14.3 Point infiltration methods

14.4 Rainfall-infiltration process at field scale

14.5 Case study

14.6 Conclusions

14.7 Recent developments and challenges

References

Chapter 15 Rainfall and erosion/sediment transport

Abstract

15.1 The erosive power of the rainfall

15.2 Raindrop impact on the soil surface

15.3 Overview of soil erosion models

15.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 16 Rainfall and landslide initiation

Abstract

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Modeling the relationships between rainfall and landslide

16.3 The TRIGRS physically-based model

16.4 Rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation

16.5 Operational prediction and forecasting of rainfall-induced landslides

16.6 Case study: frequentist thresholds for landslide initiation in Italy

16.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 17 Rainfall and droughts

Abstract

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Drought hydrology and generating processes

17.3 Drought indices

17.4 Case study: drought characterization using SPI, SPEI, and PDSI

17.5 Conclusion

References

Index