The Bloomsbury Companion to Ethics 1st Edition by Christian Miller 1472567803 9781472567802

Part I Central Topics in Ethics

1 Moral Realism

Generic Moral Realism

The Core Moral Data

Evaluating the Core Moral Data

The Realist’s Master Strategy

A Rival View: The Error Theory

The categoricity argument

Conclusion

Bibliography

2 Ethical Expressivism

Introduction

What Is Ethical Expressivism, More Precisely?

First Motivation for Expressivism: Practicality of Ethical Discourse

Second and Third Motivations for Expressivism: Supervenience and Naturalism

Expressivism as a Theory of Meaning: The Primary Challenge

Emotivism and the Frege- Geach Problem

Quasi- Realism and the Problem of Creeping Minimalism

Recent Developments

Concluding Remarks

Works Cited

3 Constructivism and the Error Theory

Introduction

Three Marks of Moral Objectivity

The Moral Error Theory

Moral Constructivism

Concluding Remarks

References

4 Morality and Practical Reason

Practical Reason

Practical Reason and Practical Reasons

Morality and Instrumental Views of Practical Reason

Morality and Substantive Views of Practical Reason

Kinds of Moral View

Nonmaximizing View of Rationality

References

5 Moral Psychology

Weakness of Will: Introduction

Akratic Action and Free Action

Explaining Strict Akratic Action

Internalism about Moral Ought Beliefs: Introduction

Some Internalist Theses about Moral Ought Beliefs and Some Problems

Wrapping Things Up

References

6 Morality and Religion

Natural Law Theory

Divine Command Theory

Divine Motivation Theory

Divine Command Theory and Utilitarianism

Divine Command Theory and Kantianism

Can Religious Truths conflict with Rational Morality?

Bibliography

7 Consequentialism

Act-Utilitarianism and Traditional Act-Consequentialism

Three Objections to Traditional Act-Consequentialism

Other Responses to These Objections

Conclusion

Bibliography

8 Kantian Ethics

The Good Will and the Motive of Duty

Kantian Constructivism and The Universal Law

Kantian Realism

Kantian Normative Ethics

Conclusion

Bibliography

9 Virtue Ethics

Part I. Virtue Ethics

Part II. Virtue

Part III. Issues in Virtue Ethics

Bibliography

10 Feminist Ethics

Normative Ethics

Moral Psychology

Metaethics

Bibliography

Part II: New Directions in Ethics

11 Moral Particularism

Two Roles of Principles: Standards and Guides

Three Forms of Particularism

Arguments for and against Particularism

References

12 Experimental Ethics

Moral Intuitions, Emotion, and Framing

Moral Internalism and Psychopathy

Virtue Ethics and Situationist Psychology

Conclusions

References

13 Biology, Evolution, and Ethics

What Do We Mean By “Morality”?

Explaining Morality in the Empirical Sense: Capacities and Content

Evolutionary Causes and Moral Reasons

Doubts about Autonomous Moral Refl ection and Judgment

Evolutionary Explanations and Evolutionary Metaethics

Conclusion

References

Part III: Additional Resources

Resources for the Fields of Metaethics and Normative Theory

Selected Works in Contemporary Metaethics and Normative Theory

Notes

Index