Sensation and Perception 2nd Edition by Steven Yantis, Richard Abrams ISBN 9781464111709 1464111707

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ISBN 10: 1464111707
ISBN 13: 9781464111709
Author: Steven Yantis, Richard Abrams

Sensation and Perception 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Foundations

“I’m Having a Stroke!”

World, Brain, and Mind

The Perceptual Process

Three Main Types of Questions

How Many Senses Are There?

Evolution and Perception

Exploring Perception by Studying Behavior: Psychophysics

Absolute Threshold

Difference Threshold

Psychophysical Scaling

Exploring Perception by Studying Neurons and the Brain

Neurons and Neural Signals

The Human Brain

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Functional Neuroimaging

Applications: Self-Driving Cars

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 2: Light and the Eyes

A Rare Case: Vision Without Cones

Light

Light as a Wave

Light as a Stream of Particles

The Optic Array

The Human Eye

Field of View

Acuity and Eye Movements

Structure and Function of the Eye

Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones

Transduction of Light

Number and Distribution of Rods and Cones in the Retina

Adapting to Changes in Lighting

Retinal Ganglion Cells: Circuits in the Retina Send Information to the Brain

Convergence in Retinal Circuits

Receptive Fields

Edge Enhancement: An Example of How It All Works Together

Disorders of the Eye

Strabismus and Amblyopia

Disorders of Accommodation: Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, and Astigmatism

Cataracts

High Intraocular Pressure: Glaucoma

Floaters and Phosphenes

Retinal Disease: Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa

Applications Night-Vision Devices

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 3: The Visual Brain

No Thing to See

From Eye to Brain

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Superior Colliculus

Primary Visual Cortex (Area V1)

Response Properties of V1 Neurons

Organization of V1

Functional Areas, Pathways, and Modules

Functional Areas and Pathways

Functional Modules

Applications: Brain Implants for the Blind

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 4: Recognizing Visual Objects

Face-Blind

A Few Basic Considerations

Object Familiarity

Image Clutter, Object Variety, and Variable Views

Representation and Recognition

Overview: The Fundamental Steps

Perceptual Organization

Representing Edges and Regions

Figure–Ground Organization: Assigning Border Ownership

Perceptual Grouping: Combining Regions

Perceptual Interpolation: Perceiving What Can’t Be Seen Directly

Perceptual Organization Reflects Natural Constraints

Object Recognition

Hierarchical Processes: Shape Representation in V4 and Beyond

Modular and Distributed Representations: Faces, Places, and Other Categories of Objects

Top-Down Information

The Gist of a Scene

Unconscious Inference and the Bayesian Approach

Applications: Automatic Face Recognition

Feature-Based Approach

Holistic Approach

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 5: Perceiving Color

Colorless

Light and Color

Spectral Power Distribution

Spectral Reflectance

Dimensions of Color: Hue, Saturation, and Brightness

Color Circle and Color Solid

Color Mixtures

Color and the Visual System

Trichromatic Color Representation

Opponent Color Representation

Color Contrast and Color Assimilation

Color Constancy

Lightness Constancy

Color Vision Deficiencies

Inherited Deficiencies of Color Vision

Cortical Achromatopsia: Color Blindness from Brain Damage

Applications: Color in Art and Technology

Pointillist Painting

Digital Color Video Displays

Digital Color Printing

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 6: Perceiving Depth

Learning to See in 3-D

Oculomotor Depth Cues

Accommodation

Convergence

Monocular Depth Cues

Static Cues: Position, Size, and Lighting in the Retinal Image

Dynamic Cues: Movement in the Retinal Image

Binocular Depth Cue: Disparity in the Retinal Images

Binocular Disparity

Correspondence Problem

Neural Basis of Stereopsis

Integrating Depth Cues

Depth and Perceptual Constancy

Size Constancy and Size–Distance Invariance

Shape Constancy and Shape–Slant Invariance

Illusions of Depth, Size, and Shape

Forced Perspective

Ponzo Illusion

Ames Room

Moon Illusion

Tabletop Illusion

Applications: 3-D Motion Pictures and Television

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 7: Perceiving Motion

Still Life

Perceptual Organization from Motion

Perceptual Grouping Based on Real and Apparent Motion

Figure–Ground Organization

Sensitivity to Biological Motion

Eye Movements and the Perception of Motion and Stability

Neural Basis of Motion Perception in Area V1 and Area MT

A Simple Neural Circuit That Responds to Motion

The Motion Aftereffect

Area MT

The Aperture Problem: Perceiving the Motion of Objects

Applications: Visually Induced Motion Sickness

The How and Why of Motion Sickness

Could Artificial Environments Be Made Less Sickening?

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 8: Perception for Action

Inaction

Vision Affects Action

Time to Process Visual Feedback

Optic Flow

Prism Adaptation

Action Affects Vision

Action Plans

Action Capabilities

Neural Basis of Perception for Action

The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Eye Movements, Reaching, and Grasping

Bimodal Neurons and Hand-Centered Receptive Fields

Handheld Tool Use

Mirror Neurons

Applications: Perception for Action in Baseball: Catching a Fly Ball and Hitting a Fastball

How to Catch a Fly Ball

How to Hit a Fastball

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 9: Attention and Awareness

Out of Mind, Out of Sight

Selective Attention and the Limits of Awareness

Dichotic Listening

Inattentional Blindness

Attentional Blink

Change Blindness

Attention to Locations, Features, and Objects

Attention to Locations

Attention to Features

Attention to Objects

Why Attention Is Selective

The Binding Problem

Competition for Neural Representation

Attentional Control

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attentional Control

Value-Driven Attentional Control

Sources of Attentional Control in the Brain

Awareness and the Neural Correlates of Consciousness

Seeking the NCCs in Perceptual Bistability

What Blindsight Reveals About Awareness

Applications: Multitasking

Task Switching

Driving While Talking on a Cell Phone

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 10: Sound and the Ears

Dizzy

Sound

Sources of Sound

Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of Sound

The Ear

Pinna, Auditory Canal, and Tympanic Membrane

Ossicles and Sound Amplification

Eustachian Tube

Cochlea

Neural Representation of Frequency and Amplitude

Frequency Representation

Amplitude Representation

Disorders of Audition

Hearing Tests and Audiograms

Conductive Hearing Impairments

Sensorineural Hearing Impairments

Tinnitus

Applications: Cochlear Implants

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Hearing Without Recognition

The Auditory Brain

Ascending Pathways: From the Ear to the Brain

Descending Pathways: From the Brain to the Ear

Auditory Cortex

“What” and “Where” Pathways and Other Specialized Regions of the Auditory Brain

Localizing Sounds

Perceiving Azimuth

Perceiving Elevation

Perceiving Distance

Echolocation by Bats and Humans

Echoes and the Precedence Effect

Looking While Listening: Vision and Sound Localization

Neural Basis of Sound Localization

Auditory Scene Analysis

Simultaneous Grouping

Sequential Grouping

Perceptual Completion of Occluded Sounds

Applications: Seeing by Hearing

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 12: Perceiving Speech and Music

“Singing Sounds Like Shouting to Me”

Speech

The Sounds of Speech: Phonemes

Producing the Sounds of Speech

Perceiving the Sounds of Speech

Brain Pathways for Speech Perception and Production

Music

Dimensions of Music: Pitch, Loudness, Timing, and Timbre

Melody

Scales and Keys; Consonance and Dissonance

Knowledge and Music Perception

Neural Basis of Music Perception

Applications: Speech Perception by Machines

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 13: The Body Senses

Watch Yourself!

Tactile Perception: Perceiving Mechanical Stimulation of the Skin

Slow-Adapting Type I (SAI) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Pattern, Texture, and Shape

Fast-Adapting Type I (FAI) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Slip and Maintaining Grip Control

Slow-Adapting Type II (SAII) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Skin Stretch and Hand Conformation

Fast-Adapting Type II (FAII) Mechanoreceptors: Perceiving Fine Textures Through Transmitted Vibration

Perceiving Pleasant Touch

Mechanoreceptor Transduction

Proprioception: Perceiving Position and Movement of the Limbs

Perceiving Pain

Thermoreception: Perceiving Temperature

Between Body and Brain

Somatotopic Cortical Maps

Responses and Representations in the Somatosensory Cortex and Beyond

Top-Down Mechanisms of Pain Reduction

Cortical Plasticity, Phantom Limbs, and Rubber Hands

Haptic Perception: Recognizing Objects by Touch

The Vestibular System: Perceiving Balance and Acceleration

Applications: Haptic Feedback in Robot-Assisted Surgery

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 14: Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

When the Nose Knows Nothing

What Is an Odor?

Odorants

Detection and Identification of Odors

Detection Thresholds and Difference Thresholds

Identifying and Discriminating Odors

The Role of Odors in Sensing Flavor

Olfactory Impairments: Age and Other Factors

Adaptation to Odors

Anatomical and Neural Basis of Odor Perception

The Olfactory System: From Nose to Brain

Neural Code for Odor

Representing Odors in the Brain

Odors, Emotion, and Memory

Effects of Odors on Social and Reproductive Behavior

Pheromones, Sweat, and Tears

Human Leukocyte Antigen Detection

Applications: The eNose

How eNoses Work

eNoses on Wheels

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Chapter 15: Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Poor Taste

What Is Taste? What Is Flavor?

Tastants and the Basic Tastes

The Perception of Flavor

Anatomical and Neural Basis of Taste and Flavor Perception

Taste Buds and Taste Receptor Cells

From Taste Buds to the Brain

Representing Taste and Flavor in the Brain

Adaptation and Cross-Adaptation

Cognitive Influences in the OFC, and the Flavor of Expensive Wine

Regulating Food Intake

Sensory-Specific Satiety

Regulating Food Intake in the Absence of Taste

Individual Differences in Taste and Flavor Perception

Applications: How Sweet It Is? The Taste and Use of Artificial Sweeteners

Brain Responses to Artificial Sweeteners

Behavioral Responses to Artificial Sweeteners

Artificial Sweeteners and Weight Loss

Summary

Key Terms

Expand Your Understanding

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Appendix: Noise and Signal Detection Theory

Noise in Neural Activity and the Psychometric Function

Signal Detection Theory

A Signal Detection Experiment

Sensitivity and Bias

Applications: Optimal Decision Making in the Real World

Summary

Key Terms

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Glossary

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Steven Yantis,Richard Abrams,Sensation,Perception