Medical Physics Physical Aspects of Diagnostics 2nd Edition by Hartmut Zabel ISBN 9783110757125 3110757125

Part A: Diagnostics without ionizing radiation

1 Sonography

1.1 Introduction and overview

1.2 Ultrasound transducer

1.3 Reflection, transmission, and attenuation

1.4 Beam properties, pulsing, and focusing

1.5 Medical imaging

1.6 Scan characteristics

1.7 Doppler method

1.8 Summary

Suggestion for home experiments

2 Endoscopy

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Standard uses of medical endoscopes

2.3 Fiber optics

2.4 Endoscope optics

2.5 Resolution and magnification

2.6 Specialized endoscopes

2.7 Confocal laser endoscopy

2.8 Optical coherence tomography endoscopes

2.9 Capsule endoscopy

2.10 Future trends

2.11 Summary

Suggestions for home experiment

3 Magnetic resonance imaging

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Nuclear spin basics

3.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance basics

3.4 Spin-echo techniques

3.5 Autocorrelation and spectral density (for experts)

3.6 NMR and MRI procedures

3.7 Contrast generation

3.8 MR signal localization

3.9 Magnets and coils

3.10 Applications of MRI

3.11 Hyperpolarization MRI

3.12 Further remarks

3.13 Summary

Part B: X-ray and nuclear methods

4 X-ray sources and generators

4.1 Introduction

4.2 General components of x-ray tubes

4.3 Bremsstrahlung radiation

4.4 Characteristic radiation

4.5 X-ray generators

4.6 Summary

5 Nuclei and isotopes

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Isotopes

5.3 Atomic mass and atomic weight

5.4 Nuclear decay

5.5 Radioactivity

5.6 Radioisotope production

5.7 Summary

6 Interaction of radiation with matter

6.1 Attenuation: Lambert-Beer law

6.2 Interaction of EM radiation with matter

6.3 Interaction of charged particles with matter

6.4 Interaction of neutrons with matter

6.5 Summary

Suggestion for home experiment

7 Dosimetry

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Definitions of dose and dose rate

7.3 Kerma

7.4 Dosimeters and radiation monitors

7.5 Radiation exposure

7.6 Radiation protection

7.7 Summary

Suggestions for home experiment

Part C: Radiography

8 X-ray radiography

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Standard x-ray radiography

8.3 X-ray attenuation and contrast

8.4 X-ray recording

8.5 Counting statistics, noise, quantum efficiency

8.6 System integration

8.7 Attenuation contrast enhancement

8.8 Phase contrast imaging (PCI)

8.9 Computed tomography (CT)

8.10 Risks and comparisons

8.11 Summary

9 Scintigraphy (SPE and SPECT)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Collimators for scintigraphy

9.3 Detectors, counting, and artifacts

9.4 Isotopes for scintigraphy

9.5 Full body SPE scans

9.6 Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

9.7 Summary

10 Positron emission tomography

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Basic principle of PET

10.3 Data acquisition and image reconstruction

10.4 PET isotopes

10.5 Clinical applications of PET

10.6 Conclusion

10.7 Summary

Appendix

11 Answers to questions

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

12 Solutions to exercises

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

13 List of acronyms (used in all three volumes)

14 Selection of fundamental physical constants, conversions, and relationships

Conversions

Relationships

15 List of scientists named in this volume

16 Glossary

17 Index of terms