Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices 5th Edition by Joseph B Webster, Douglas P Murphy ISBN 9780323483230 0323483232

Section 1 Basics

Introduction

1 Orthotic Prescription

Terminology

Evaluation of the Patient

Orthotic Prescription

Case Scenario and Orthotic Prescription Recommendation

Conclusion

References

2 Materials Science

Abstract

Understanding Material Science to Maximize Patient Safety

Imperial and Metric Conversions

Strength and Stress

Moment of Inertia

Metals

Steel and Aluminum Alloys

Strengthening Aluminum and Steel

Preventing Failure and Maximizing Patient Safety

Fastening Components

Plastics and Composites

Thermosetting Plastics

Thermoforming Plastics

Conclusion

3 Principles of Fabrication

Abstract

Data Collection: Measurements, Impressions, and Scans

Thermoplastic Materials

Thermoset Lamination Techniques

Computer-Aided Design

Computer-Aided Manufacturing: Model Carving and Additive Manufacturing

Conclusion

References

4 Principles of Normal and Pathologic Gait

Abstract

Normal Human Gait

Pathologic Gait

References

Section 2 Spinal Orthoses

Introduction

5 Biomechanics of the Spine

Spinal Orthoses

Spinal Stability Under Stress

Spinal Instability

Biomechanics of Surgical Decompression and Stabilization

References

6 Principles and Components of Spinal Orthoses

Abstract

Semirigid Spinal Orthoses (Corsets)

Rigid Spinal Orthoses

Cervical Orthoses

Orthoses for Spinal Deformity

Conclusion

References

7 Orthoses for Spinal Pain

Orthoses in Low Back Pain

Cervical Orthoses

Conclusion

References

8 Orthoses for Spinal Deformities

Abstract

Scoliosis

References

9 Orthoses for Spinal Trauma and Postoperative Care

Abstract

Historical Perspective

Cervical Spinal Trauma

Thoracolumbar Spinal Trauma

Postoperative Care

Current Issues and Research

References

10 Orthoses for Osteoporosis

Abstract

Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis

Overview of Vertebral Compression Fractures

Orthoses for Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures

Orthotic Management of Osteoporosis

Best Practices

Supporting Evidence

References

Section 3 Upper Limb Orthoses

Introduction

11 Biomechanics of the Upper Limb

Abstract

Motion

Stability

Strength

Conclusion

References

12 Principles and Components of Upper Limb Orthoses

Abstract

Clinical Principles of Upper Limb Orthotic Management

Design Principles for Upper Limb Orthoses

Team-Based Approach to Orthotic Management

Clinical Use and Training

Summary

References

13 Upper Limb Orthoses for the Stroke- and Brain-Injured Patient

Abstract

General Principles

Treatment Options for Temporary Control of Spasticity

Causes of Limited Joint Motion

General Classification of Orthoses

Uses of Orthotic Devices

References

14 Upper Limb Orthoses for Persons With Spinal Cord Injuries and Brachial Plexus Injuries

Abstract

Spinal Cord Injury

Brachial Plexus Injuries

Conclusion

References

15 Orthoses for the Burned Hand

Abstract

Pathophysiology

Initial Assessment

Treatment and Recommendations

Orthotic Management

Best Practices in the Treatment of Specific Complications of Burned Hands

Conclusion

References

16 Orthotic Treatment Considerations for Arthritis and Overuse Syndromes in the Upper Limb

Abstract

Section I Orthotic Treatment Considerations for Arthritis in the Upper Limb

Conclusion

Section II Orthotic Treatment Considerations for Overuse Syndromes in the Upper Limb

References

17 Functional Bracing of Selected Upper Limb Fractures

Functional Bracing of Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures

Functional Bracing of Diaphyseal Ulnar Fractures

Functional Casting and Bracing of Distal Radius Fractures

Conclusion

References

Section 4 Lower Limb Orthoses

Introduction

18 Biomechanics of the Hip, Knee, and Ankle

Basic Biomechanical Principles

Application of Biomechanical Principles to Normal and Pathologic Gait

Application of Biomechanical Principles to Orthoses

Relevance of Biomechanical Principles to Total Patient Management

References

19 Foot Biomechanics

Anatomy

Motion

Open and Closed Chain Motion

Foot Stability

Gait

Surgical Considerations in the Correction of Foot Deformities

Musculotendinous Considerations

Bony Procedures

References

20 Shoes and Shoe Modifications

Abstract

Essence of Footwear

Anatomy of the Foot

Anatomy of the Shoe

Purpose of Footwear

Importance of Proper Fit

Choosing the Right Footwear

Various Shoe Types and Going Shoeless

Shoe Construction

Functional Orthotics and Accommodative Orthotics

Orthotics and Technology

Technology Ideas and Advances

Conclusion

References

21 Foot Orthoses

Evaluation

Impression-Taking Techniques

Design

Materials

Components of the Foot Orthosis

Conclusion

References

22 Lower Limb Orthoses

Foot Orthoses

Ankle–Foot Orthoses

Knee Orthoses

Knee–Ankle–Foot Orthoses

Hip Orthoses

Hip–Knee–Ankle–Foot Orthoses

Pediatric Orthoses

Specialty Lower Extremity Orthoses

References

23 Lower Limb Orthoses for Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Introduction

Evaluation

Clinical Examination

Walking Recovery

Orthoses and the Compensation-Based Approach

References

24 Orthoses in Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract

Orthoses After Total Hip Arthroplasty

Orthoses After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Summary

References

25 Knee Orthoses for Sports-Related Issues

Abstract

Knee Joint Biomechanics

Orthosis Design

Clinical Relevance

Historical Perspective

Ligamentous Injuries

Osteoarthritis

Patellofemoral Pain

References

26 Orthotic Management of Neuropathic and Dysvascular Feet

Abstract

Peripheral Neuropathy

Examination

Documentation

Prevention and Patient Education

Orthotic Treatment Interventions

Peripheral Vascular Disease

References

27 Orthotic Management of Polio and Postpolio Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Historical Perspective

Current Issues

Current Research

Treatment Recommendations

Orthotic Management

Best Practices

References

28 Lower Limb Orthoses for Persons Who Have Had a Stroke

Abstract

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology

Key Issues

Orthotic Treatment Recommendations

Orthotic Management

Current Research

Conclusion

References

29 Assessment and Orthotic Management of Gait Dysfunction in Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury

Normal Locomotion

Lower Limb Orthoses

Summary

References

Section 5 Pediatric Orthoses

Introduction

30 Congenital and Acquired Disorders

Physiologic Development and Alignment (Genu Varum and Valgum)

Congenital Foot Deformities

References

31 Pediatric Hip Orthoses

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Legg-CalvÉ-Perthes Disease

Cerebral Palsy

Lower-Extremity Weakness or Paralysis

Postoperative Hip Orthoses

Acknowledgments

References

32 Orthoses for the Muscle Disease Patient

Abstract

Introduction

Orthotic Treatment Interventions

References

33 Orthoses for Cerebral Palsy

Pathophysiology

Historical Perspective

Current Research

Treatment Recommendations

Orthotic Management

Ankle–Foot Orthosis–Footwear Combination Tuning

Functional Electrical Stimulation

Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Manufacturing, and 3D-Printing Applications for Orthotics and Prosthetics

Best Practice

References

34 Orthoses for Myelomeningocele

Abstract

Thoracic/High Lumbar Levels

Midlumbar to Low Lumbar Level

High Sacral Level

Low Sacral Level

Conclusion

References

35 Cranial Remolding Orthoses

Pathophysiology

Historical Perspective

Current Issues

Current Research

Treatment Recommendations

Orthotic Management

Craniosynostosis: Orthotic Management

Treatment Outcomes

Best Practices

Conclusion

References

Section 6 Assistive Devices

Introduction

36 Canes, Crutches, and Walkers

Abstract

Canes

Crutches

Walkers

Measuring Assistive Devices

Gait Patterns

Biomechanics of Assistive Devices

Energy Expenditure

Benefits of Assistive Devices

Complications of Assistive Devices

Conclusion

References

37 Wheeled Mobility

Seating Evaluation

Postural Evaluation: Fixed or Flexible?

Accommodation Versus Correction of Deformity

Types of Seating Systems

Cushion Selection

Pressure Mapping

References

38 Wheeled Mobility

Background

Wheeled Mobility Clinic Team

Manual Wheeled Mobility

Powered Wheeled Mobility

Transportation

Wheelchair Skills Training

References

39 Wheelchair and Assistive Device Considerations for Remote Settings

Abstract

Benefits of Wheelchairs and Assistive Devices

Provision

Demand and Needs

Barriers

Removing Barriers and Increasing Access

Conclusion

References

40 Communication Devices and Electronic Aids to Activities of Daily Living

Abstract

Evaluation

Interdisciplinary Team

Funding

Access

Scanning

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Electronic Aids to Daily Living

Integration of Equipment

Training

Reevaluation

Future of Technology

Acknowledgments

References

41 Sports Adaptations and Assistive Devices for Recreation

Historical Perspective

General Exercise Considerations

Activity and Sport Specific Considerations

All-Terrain Vehicles

Archery

Basketball and Rugby

Billiards

Bowling

Cycling

Equestrian Sports

Fencing

Fishing

Golf

Hunting and Shooting

Sled Hockey

Paddling Sports

Power Soccer

Sailing

Scuba Diving

Snow Skiing

Softball

Swimming

Table Tennis

Tai Chi

Tennis

Track and Field

Conclusion

References

42 Driving and Related Assistive Devices

Abstract

Driver Evaluation

Driver Training

Fitting and Orientation

Vehicle Selection

Predrive

Upper Torso Support

Driving Controls

Special Precautions

Conclusion

Resources

References

43 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Applications

Abstract

Upper Limb Applications

Lower Limb Applications

Conclusion

References

44 Exoskeletal Assisted Rehabilitation After Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Classification of Spinal Cord Injury

Effects of Lack of Weight-Bearing on a Person With Spinal Cord Injury

Exoskeleton Training Protocols

Conclusion

References

45 Future Trends and Research in Orthoses

Stance Control Devices

Powered Devices

Functional Electrical Stimulation Systems

Emerging Technologies

References

Index