Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders 3rd Edition by Fred Volkmar 1108410595 9781108410595

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ISBN 10: 1108410595
ISBN 13: 9781108410595
Author: Fred R. Volkmar

Interest in autism and related disorders has exploded. Established as an essential book on this complex syndrome, the new edition has been extensively revised to reflect significant advances in research. Featuring contributions from leading international authorities in the clinical and social sciences, the book covers recent progress in our understanding of the field and offers a perspective on the present state of the discipline. With new material on topics such as evidence-based treatment and practice, the book covers changes in diagnosis resulting from the publication of DSM-V, and developments in how autism is understood, including the removal of language delay as a necessary diagnostic criterion. Far-reaching, the book considers aspects from epidemiology, genetics, and neurobiology, to core symptoms, early interventions, and pharmacology. One section critically surveys the history of autism as a diagnostic concept, and issues such as an ageing population and the impact of research on national policy are considered.

Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders 3rd Table of contents:

1 Diagnosis and Definition of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Introduction
History of Diagnostic Concepts
Difference in Approaches to and Challenges for Diagnosis
Categorical Diagnostic Approaches
DSM-III
DSM-III-R
DSM-IV and ICD-10
DSM-5
Dimensional Approaches: Diagnostic and Screening Instruments
Diagnostic Challenges
Recent Conceptual Considerations and Diagnostic Developments
Asperger’s and the “Broader Autism Phenotype”
The Neurodiversity Movement
New Developments in Diagnosis
Summary
2 Epidemiological Surveys of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Introduction
Study Design and Methodological Issues
Case Definition
Case Identification/Ascertainment
Case Evaluation
Systematic Review of Prevalence Estimates
Unspecified ASDs in Earlier Surveys
Search Strategies
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Prevalence Estimates for Combined ASDs since 2000
Time Trends in Prevalence and Their Interpretation
Use of Referral Statistics
Diagnostic Substitution
Cross-Sectional Variability in Epidemiological Surveys
Repeated Surveys in Defined Geographical Areas
Birth Cohorts
Correlates of ASDs in Epidemiological Surveys
Intellectual Ability
Socio-economic Status
Race/Ethnicity
Implications and Unmet Research Needs
Conclusions
3 Psychological Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Introduction
Attention
Alerting Component of Attention
Orienting Component of Attention
Executive Component of Attention
Executive Function
Updating Component of Executive Function
Shifting Component of Executive Function
Inhibition Component of Executive Attention
General Cognition and Adaptive Behavior
Memory
Non-Declarative Memory
Declarative Memory
Social Cognition
Early Social Attention and Motivation
Attachment
Joint Attention
Emotion Processing
Imitation and Social Learning
Mentalizing
Conclusions
4 Communication and its Development in Autism Spectrum Disorders
The First Year of Life
The Toddler Years
Preschool Development
Later Language Development
Older Non­Speakers with ASD
Assessing Communication
Intervention for Communication
Conclusion
5 The Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Historical Perspective
Genetic Technologies
ASD Genetics
Clinical Utility
Genetic Testing in the Clinic
Conclusion
6 The Neurobiology of Autism
Introduction
Epidemiology and Neurobiology
Genetics as It Relates to Autism Neurobiology
Autism Heritability
Chromosomes, Candidate Genes, CNVs, and WES/WGS
The Autism Genes and the Biological Pathways
Summary
Pre-Gestational (Non­Genetic) Factors
Parental Factors
Summary
Pre- and Perinatal Non­Genetic Factors
Prenatal Acquired Causes and Risk Factors
Perinatal Acquired Causes and Risk Factors
Postnatal Factors
Neurochemistry
Testosterone
Estrogens
Cortisol
Vitamin D
The Cholesterol­Steroid Hormone Pathways and Autism
CSF-Monoamines
GFA-Protein
Autopsy Studies in Autism
Neurophysiology and Neuroradiology
Imbalance between Excitation and Inhibition in Autism
Social Brain and Autism
Neuropsychology/Cognitive Psychology and Its Relation to Autism Neurobiology
Intellectual Quotient (IQ)
Theory of Mind
Central Coherence
Procedural Learning
Executive Functioning
The Bigger Picture: The Autisms
7 Psychopharmacology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Introduction
Irritability
Second-Generation Antipsychotics
Non-antipsychotic Medications
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Interfering Repetitive Behavior
Anxiety
Sleep Disturbance
Core Social Impairment
Discussion
8 Behavioral and Educational Interventions
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Service Landscape
Health Insurance
Medicaid
Public Agencies and Schools
The Intervention/Educational Process
Assessment
Behavioral Interventions
Evidence-based Practice
Focused Intervention Practices
Comprehensive Treatment Model
Educational Settings
Intervention Themes Across the Lifespan
Early Interventions
Preschool
Elementary and Middle School
Controversial Interventions
Conclusions
9 The Impact of ASD Research on National Policy Lessons from the Combating Autism Act and the Nation
Introduction
Fundamental Concepts in ASD Research and National Policy
Types of ASD Research Studies
Research on Policy and Practice
Assessment
Intervention
Surveillance
Implementation
Population Outcomes
Basic Research
Types of State and National Policies Related to ASD
Policy Decisions Can Address Many Different Factors That Potentially Influence Outcomes
Licensure and Training
Services
Research
Advocacy
Infrastructure
Funding
Mandate
Support and Oversight
The Relationships between Research, Policy, and Outcomes
Case Studies of the Inter­Relationship of ASD Research and State/National Policies
The Combating Autism Act: Its Impact on Research and National Policy
Research
Inter-Agency Autism Coordinating Committee
Other Elements
Practice Guidelines Developed by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
NICE and NHS
The Development of NICE Practice Guidelines
The Impact of NICE Guidelines on Services
The Impact of NICE Guidelines on Research
A Multi-State Program to Use ASD Insurance to Increase Access to ABA-based Services
The Impact of Vaccination Policy on ASD Prevalence
Related Policies
Related Research
The Role of Advocacy in Vaccine­Related Research and Policy
Implications for Research
Implications for Policy
Other Elements
Implications for Developing Nations
Directions for the Future
10 Adult Life for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Adult Outcomes for Individuals with ASD
Early Studies: 1960s–1970s
1980s–1990s
2000–2017
Summary of Follow-Up/Outcome Studies in Adulthood
Trajectories of Development from Childhood to Adulthood
Cognitive Functioning
Adaptive Functioning
Autism Symptomatology
Can Individuals with ASD “Recover”?
Factors Related to Adult Outcomes
Severity of ASD Symptoms in Childhood
Gender
Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities
Family and Social Influences
Summary
Quality of Life and Mental Health in Adults with ASD
Quality of Life
Mental Health in Adults with ASD
Affective Disorders
Schizophrenia
Other Mental Health Problems in ASD
Substance Abuse
Variables Associated with Adult Mental Health in ASD
Interventions to Improve Mental Health in ASD
Mortality and Causes of Death in Adults with ASD
Epilepsy
Suicide
Offending by Adults with ASD
Interventions for Adults with ASD
Employment
Is There Evidence That Early Childhood Interventions Have an Impact on Adult Outcomes?
Autism in Older Age
Conclusions and Future Directions

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