Becoming a Critical Thinker 1st Edition by Sandra Egege ISBN 9781352011333 1352011336

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 1352011336
ISBN 13: 9781352011333
Author: Sandra Egege

Becoming a Critical Thinker 1st Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Why Critical Thinking Matters: Research, Knowledge and Epistemology

• Why critical thinking matters

• The importance of critical thinking

• So what is the critical thinking process?

• Research

• The process of research

• What is knowledge?

• Knowledge claims or statements

• Justification

• What counts as proof or evidence?

• Knowledge and epistemology

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–3

Chapter 2: Overcoming Barriers – Cognitive Biases

• How do we know that x is true?

• True or false beliefs?

• Barriers to knowledge – false beliefs, fake news and personal bias

• Why is it we prefer to believe some things rather than others?

• What is cognitive bias?

• Confirmation bias

• Belief preservation

• Why preserve or perpetuate a false belief?

• How do we know if we are biased?

• Cambridge Analytica and Facebook

• We are living in a post-truth era!!

• Relevance to academic study and life

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–3

Chapter 3: Overcoming Barriers – Problems with Perception

• Epistemology and perception

• Scepticism about knowledge

• Problems with perception – observation

• The bent stick

• The Necker Cube – inside/outside

• Perspective matters: how perceptions influence our beliefs

• Beliefs matter: how our beliefs can influence our perceptions

• Making observation more reliable

• How do we know that we know?

• Our limitations can be addressed

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–2

Chapter 4: Knowledge Claims – Recognising and Writing an Argument

• Knowledge claims and justification

• Why and when to use argument

• What is an argument?

• Persuasive writing and identifying an argument

• Examine the language choice

• Target audience

• Explanation or argument?

• Argument structure and argument mapping

• Important point

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–4

Chapter 5: Critiquing the Logic of the Argument – Logical Thinking and Common Fallacies

• Knowledge, justification and logic

• Assessing arguments

• Types of justification for arguments

• Simple example of an inductive and deductive argument

• Inductive reasoning

• Example of the process of induction

• Strength and limitations of inductive arguments

• Problems with inductive reasoning

• Argument by analogy

• Argument from probability

• Deductive reasoning

• Example of a deductive inference and argument

• Strength and limitations of deductive arguments

• Logical fallacies

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–6

Chapter 6: Critical Thinking and Digital Literacy: Evaluating the Information Source

• The need for digital (information) and critical literacy

• How reliable is the information we have access to? What can we trust?

• Becoming a more effective critical thinker (and writer)

• How do you check for credibility?

• Does it matter if it is wrong?

• What does verification mean?

• Accredited fact checkers

• Seek disconfirmation

• Digital information literacy: critiquing web sources for credibility

• Assessing credibility

• Can I use Wikipedia? Is it reliable?

• Evaluating information sources for academic purposes

• Credible sources – accessing reliable academic sources

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 3–4

Chapter 7: Critiquing the Literature – How Do You Know That Is So?

• Academic texts and critical thinking

• Reading academic articles

• Critical reading

• Reviewing (critiquing) an academic article

• Two main types of article

• Sets of criteria for evaluating and critiquing an academic article

  • Criteria A: Article structure

  • Criteria B: Assessing research quality

  • Criteria C: Critiquing the argument

• Writing the review

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–2

Chapter 8: Critiquing the Evidence: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodologies

• Critiquing the evidence

• Types of evidence

• The research process

• The (natural) sciences

• Critiquing or evaluating causal justification

• Problems with scientific observation and research methods

• Null hypothesis

• Setting up a (scientific) experiment

• Humanities

• Social sciences

• Quantitative and qualitative research methodologies

• Mixed methods

• Critiquing quantitative (research) data

• Sampling

• Misrepresentation or vagueness of statistical results

• Be cautious with statistics; learn what they mean

• Critiquing qualitative research

• Rigour and reliability

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–7

Chapter 9: Writing an Argument – Making It Persuasive

• Critical thinking and writing a convincing argument

• What makes a good/strong argument?

• How do I write a persuasive argument?

• What counts as enough evidence?

• What can we infer?

• Qualifying our claims

• Using inference indicators

• Other useful discourse markers

• Providing balance and avoiding contradictions

• Logical structure of ideas

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–7

Chapter 10: Writing (Critical) Literature Reviews

• Addressing ‘the literature’

• Critical questions to evaluate an article’s contribution to the field

• The literature as a tapestry telling a story

• The main players

• Types of literature reviews

• Writing a literature review

• Choosing the right text

• Structuring the review

• Most common complaints from lecturers and thesis examiners

• Choosing the right critical language

• Sample review

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercise 1

Chapter 11: Critical Thinking as Critical Self-Reflection

• Thinking critically about oneself

• Having a critical thinking disposition

• The need for critical self-reflection

• Importance of understanding epistemology and its relation to practice

• Reflecting on our knowledge, practice and cultural differences

• Self-reflective practice in nursing

• Self-reflective practice in social work

• Self-reflective practice in education

• Critical thinking and the role of a self-reflective journal

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–7

Chapter 12: Critical Thinking in the Workplace

• The complexity of work-life in the contemporary world

• Critical thinking as a future skill-set

• Revisiting a critical thinking disposition

• What employers want now

• Relevance to employment

• Teamwork and critical thinking

• Public/civil service and government

• Avoid the ‘cut and paste’ mentality

• Industry and business

• Chapter summary

• Answers to Exercises 1–4

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