Biology and Breeding of Camels 1st Edition by Masroor Ellahi Babar, Muhammad Ashraf ISBN 9781032521961 1032521961

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ISBN 10: 1032521961
ISBN 13: 9781032521961
Author: Masroor Ellahi Babar, Muhammad Ashraf

Biology and Breeding of Camels 1st Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Old and New World Camels—Introduction

Introduction

Origin of Camels

Taxonomy and History

Biological Organization of Camels

Genetics

Camel Classification and Evolution

Ancestry of Camels

Protylopus—Holds the Ancestral Key

Biological Trends in the Evolution of Camels

Paleontological Procession of Camels

Oligocene—The Influx of Camel-Like Animals

Poebrotherium

Protomeryx—The Upper Oligocene Form

Miocene—The Period of Divergence

Procamelus—Directed the Main Line of Evolution

Sideline Evolution—Gazelle-Camels

Giraffe-Camels

Pliocene and Pleistocene—Periods for True Camels

Camel Domestication

Current Statistics and Evolution of Camels in Host Countries

Camel Biodiversity

Camel Anatomy and Appearance: Physiognomy and Description

Adaptations

Camel Distribution and Habitat

Camel Behavior and Lifestyle

Camel Reproduction and Life Cycle

Mating

Camel Diet and Prey

Camel Predators and Threats

Camels’ Relationship with Humans

Camel Conservation, Status, and Life Today

References

Chapter 2 Camel Breeds in the World and Their Distribution—Introduction

Introduction

Species/Breeds of Camels at the Global Level and Their Distribution

Global Distribution of Camels and Gaps Therein

Camel Breeds in Pakistan

Camel Breeds of Punjab

Bagri (Bota)

Breela

Campbelpuri

Mareecha

Kala-Chitta

Camel Breeds of KPK

Ghulmani

Khader

Maya

Gaddi

Camel Breeds of Baluchistan

Brahvi

Kachhi

Kharani

Lassi

Makrani

Pishin

Rodbari

Raigi

Kohi

Camel Breeds of Sindh

Dhatti (Thari)

Kharai

Sakrai

Larry

Historical Dromedary–Bactrian Crossbreeding (Interspecific Breeding)

References

Chapter 3 Effective Management of Camels—Introduction

Introduction

Common Practices in Camel Management

Camel Nutrition

Feeding Management

Time of Feeding

Food Quantities

Nutrient Requirements

Energy Value

Protein

Salt

Water

Reproduction

Breeding in Camels

Handling

Transportation

Recommended Environment for Living

Facilities and Equipment

Shelter

Fencing

Declining Camel Population and Factors Thereof

Grazing Resources Are Being Squeezed

Innovations in Agriculture Farming Practices

Illegal Movement of Camels for Slaughter

Grazing Policy for Livestock Is Poorly Organized

Lack of Interest among the Young

Sustaining the Ship of the Desert

Strengthen the Silvo Pasture Program

Emphasis on Roadside Plantation as Fodder for Livestock

Utilization of Unconventional Feed

Stress on Agroforestry Development

Health Care: Diseases and Their Control

Pharmaceutical Use

Euthanasia

References

Chapter 4 Camel Feed and Nutritional Requirements—Introduction

Introduction

Nutrients

Six Basic Nutrients

Water

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Minerals

Vitamins

Feeding Behavior of Camels

Browser or Grazer

Feed Preference

Browsing of Camels

Preferred Feeding Time

Effect of Season

Nutritive Value

Browsing/Grazing, Rumination, and Resting Duration

Defecation and Urination

Comparative Anatomy of the Digestive Tract of Camels and Other Ruminants

Mouth and Upper Throat

Pharynx and Esophagus

Stomach

Intestines

Liver, Pancreas, and Spleen

Nutritional Physiology

Mechanism of Reserve Mobilization in Camels

Nutritional Needs of Animals

Specific Nutrient Requirements during Lactation and Milk Production

The Food of Camels

Water

Nutrient Requirements of Dromedary Camels

Protein Requirements of Camel

Dry Matter

Energy

Protein

Lactating Animals Have Different Nutrient Requirements

Energy

Protein

Nutrient Requirements Differ for Growth

Energy

Protein

Requirements of Mineral

Requirements of Vitamins

References

Chapter 5 Camel Products and By-Products

Introduction

Meat

Milk

Camel Milk Brightens and Tightens the Skin

Milk Health Effects

Healthy Hair and Nails

Camel Milk Slows Down the Aging Process

Moisturizing and Softening

Camel Milk for Clear Skin

Camel Hair

Uses

Skin

Lamp Shades

Making Camel Skin Lamps: Teamwork of a Triad

Cholistan Desert as the Supplier of Camel Skin Lamps

Processing the High-Value Camel Skin for Lamps

Durable and Long-Lasting Camel Skin Lamps

Camel Skin Lamps Caught in the War on Terror

Exporting Local Souvenirs Overseas

Shopping Online for Multan-Made Camel Skin Lamps

Vintage Camel Skin Lamps

Bone Ornaments

Camel Leather

References

Chapter 6 Camels’ Genomic Potentials

Introduction

Genes for Milk and Heat Tolerance

Heat Tolerance

Milk Genetics

Immunity

Phylogenetic and Genotyping

Growth and Weight

Use of mtDNA and the Like for the Study of Genetic Diversity

Phenotypic and Genetic Variation

Worldview on Camel Genetics

Milk Genetics

Heat Tolerance

Phylogenetic and Genotyping

Growth and Weight

Phenotypic and Genetic Variation

Future Perspectives of Camel Genetics

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 Camel as the Best-Suited Animal under Global Climate Change

Introduction

Climate Change

Climate Change and Global Warming

Vulnerability of Camels to Global Warming

Socioeconomic, Environmental, Cultural, and Health Dimension of Camels under Global Climate Change

Effects of Climate Change on Animal Size

Camel: An Animal of the Future

Water Requirements, Feeds, and Feeding

Adaptations in Camels

Adaptive Capability of Camel Is Much Higher than Other Livestock Animals

Superior Adaptabilities of Camel during Heat Stress Conditions

Camel: “A Ship of Desert”

Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Camels Are Vulnerable to Heat Stress

Camels Use Heat Shock Proteins for Their Adaptive Capability

Climate Change and Camel Diseases

Camels Also Contribute to Climate Change

GHG Emissions from Livestock

Methane Emissions from Camels

References

Chapter 8 Camel Diseases and Preventive Measures

Introduction

Bacterial Diseases

Mastitis

Pneumonia

Clostridial Diseases

Salmonellosis

Camel Calf Diarrhea

Brucellosis

Dermatitis

Fungal Infections

Viral Diseases

Nonpathogenic Viral Infections

Pathological Viral Infections

Camel Pox

Contagious Ecthyma

Rabies

Parasitic Diseases of Camels

Helminthic Diseases

Arthropod Infestations

Protozoan Infections

Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Camels

Energy and Protein Deficiency

Signs of Energy and Protein Deficiency

Energy Deficiency

Protein Deficiency

Prevention–Control–Treatment

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin B1

Selenium

Calcium and Phosphorus

Copper

Iodine

Iron

References

Chapter 9 Future Prospects and Opportunities for the Scientific Community

Introduction

Prospects/Challenges

Camel Milk

Marketing of Camel Meat

Camel: An Animal with Diversified Applications

From Convention to Modernism

Establishment of a Society or Organization

Other Purposes

The Trends in Camel Sciences

The Way Ahead: Opportunities

Breeding Programs and Their Planning

Organizational Aspects

References

Index

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Tags: Masroor Ellahi Babar, Muhammad Ashraf, Breeding, Camels