Botany for Gardeners An Introduction to the Science of Plants 4th Edition by Brian Capon ISBN 1643261436 978-1643261430

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ISBN 10: 1643261436
ISBN 13: 978-1643261430
Author:  Brian Capon 

All questions about complex plant processes can be found in the Botany for Gardeners. First published in 1990 with more than 260,000 copies sold, it has become the go-to introduction to botany for students and gardeners. Now in its fourth edition, Botany for Gardeners has been expanded and updated. It features a revised interior, with new photos and illustrations. 

Additional updates address scientific advances, changes in nomenclature and taxonomy, and more. As before, Botany for Gardeners shares accessible information about how plants are organized, how they have adapted to nearly all environments on earth, their essential functions, and how they reproduce.

Botany for Gardeners An Introduction to the Science of Plants 4th Table of contents:

 

Introduction 9

The Structure and Growth of Plants 11

What Is Botany? 11

The Language of Botany 12

Botanical Disciplines 13

The Plant Kingdom 13

Characteristics of Living Things 16

Growth Patterns 17

Coordination of Plant Growth 17

What Is a Cell? 18

Cell Walls 20

Wail Structure and Cell Growth 22

Growth Processes 22

Meristems 25

Seeds 27

A Seed’s Food-Storage Structures and Embryo 28

Seed Dormancy 30

Seed Germination 30

Using the Seed’s Stored Food 33

Other Germination Requirements 35

The Mature Plant: Root Systems 38

Root Growth 40

Root Hairs and Branches 41

The Mature Plant: Shoot Systems 42

The Formation of Wood 48

Features of a Woody Twig 49

The Mature Plant: Leaves 52

The Internal Structure of Plants 58

The Anatomy of Herbaceous Stems 60

Stem Thickening 63

An Outer Layer of Cork 65

Branching in a Woody Stem 67

Other Features of Wood 69

A Record of Past Growth 71

Monocot Stems 72

A Root’s Primary Tissues 75

Secondary Growth in Roots 78

Leaf Anatomy 78

Plant Cell Types 83

Adaptations 88

Survival in a Restless World 88

Natural Selection 89

The Migration of Species 90

Other Evolutionary Factors 91

Artificial Selection in the Garden 92

Human Selection of Plants for Food 93

Environmental Modification 98

Limiting Factors 98

Adaptation to Extreme Environments 99

Protection against Animals 104

Protection by Camouflage 107

Protection by Ants: Symbioses 108

Wound Healing 109

Chemical Protection 111

How Chemical Protectants Work 117

Other Methods of Defense 118

Competition between Plants 118

Reaching toward the Sun 120

Spreading Stems 121

Climbing Structures 123

Lianas and Epiphytes 125

Supportive Roots 125

Special Methods of Water Uptake 127

Adaptations for Water Storage 128

Underground Food- and Water-Storage Organs 131

Saprophytes and Parasites 135

Mycorrhizae and Root Nodules 139

Insectivorous Plants 142

How Plants Function 144

Plant Physiology 144

The Scientific Method 145

Fields of Plant Physiology 146

Plant Hormones 147

Growth Responses to Light 147

Responses to Gravity and Touch 150

Other Growth Movements in Plants 155

Hormones and the Aging Process 156

Control of Branching and Adventitious Root Formation 158

Other Hormone Effects: Synthetic Growth Regulators 160

Environmental Control: Temperature 161

Vernalization 162

Environmental Control: Photoperiod 164

The Uptake and Use of Water, Minerals, and Light 167

Osmosis: The Cell’s Water Pump 168

Development of Root Pressure 171

Transpirational Pull 173

Cold Hardening 176

Mineral Nutrient Needs 176

Soils 181

The Photosynthetic Apparatus 184

Leaf Pigments 185

Light Transformed into the Energy in Food 186

The Photosynthetic Process 188

Chemical Products of Photosynthesis 189

Gas Exchange with the Atmosphere 191

Reproduction and Inheritance 193

The Strategy of Reproduction 193

Reproductive Cells 194

Flower Parts and Their Functions 195

Pollination by Animals 201

Road Maps and Rewards 203

Inflorescences 205

Pollination by Wind and Water 208

Pollination Alternatives 210

The Reproductive Process 212

Seedless Fruits and Unusual Embryos 214

Fruit Types 215

Seed Dispersal 218

The Cost of Reproduction 220

Genetics: The Science of Heredity 221

The DNA Code 222

Mitosis and Meiosis 222

The Life Cycle of a Moss 224

The Life Cycle of a Fern 226

The Two Generations of Flowering Plants 228

Chromosome Segregation during Meiosis 231

Gene Segregation during Meiosis 232

Consequences of Imperfection 235

The Origins of Polyploidy 237

Custom-Made Plants of the Future 239

About Plant Names 241

Glossary 248

Suggestions for Further Reading 265

Photography Credits 267

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