Brain and Behavior An Introduction to Behavioral Neurscience 6th Edition by Bob Garrett, Gerald Hough ISBN 9781544373485 1544373481

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ISBN 10: 1544373481
ISBN 13: 9781544373485
Author: Bob Garrett, Gerald Hough

Brain and Behavior An Introduction to Behavioral Neurscience 6th Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1 • What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem

Descartes and the Physical Model of Behavior

Helmholtz and the Electrical Brain

The Localization Issue

Nature and Nurture

The Genetic Code

The Human Genome Project

Heredity: Destiny or Predisposition?

A Further Look | CRISPR: A New Tool to Edit Genes

Part I. Neural Foundations of Behavior: The Basic Equipment

Chapter 2 • Communication Within the Nervous System

The Cells That Make Us Who We Are

Neurons

A Further Look | Targeting Ion Channels

Glial Cells

How Neurons Communicate With Each Other

Chemical Transmission at the Synapse

A Further Look | A Neuron Type Found Only in Humans

Regulating Synaptic Activity

Neurotransmitters

A Further Look | Agonists and Antagonists in the Real World

Neural Codes and Neural Networks

A Further Look | Uses and Abuses of Artificial Neural Networks

Chapter 3 • The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Forebrain

A Further Look | The Case of Phineas Gage

The Midbrain and Hindbrain

The Spinal Cord

Protecting the Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Development and Change in the Nervous System

The Stages of Development

A Further Look | Microtubules Move Neurons Along Their Way

How Experience Modifies the Nervous System

Damage and Recovery in the Central Nervous System

A Further Look | Building a Better Brain

A Further Look | Ultrasound Surgery

A Further Look | Mending the Brain With Computer Chips

Chapter 4 • The Methods and Ethics of Research

Science, Research, and Theory

Theory and Tentativeness in Science

Experimental Versus Correlational Studies

Research Techniques

Staining and Imaging Neurons

Light and Electron Microscopy

A Further Look | Looking Into the Brain

Measuring and Manipulating Brain Activity

Brain Imaging Techniques

A Further Look | Scanning King Tut

A Further Look | Growing a Model Brain From Stem Cells

Investigating Heredity

A Further Look | The Brainbow Connection

Research Ethics

Plagiarism and Fabrication

Protecting the Welfare of Research Participants

Gene Therapy

A Further Look | Can Gene Editing Be Regulated?

Stem Cell Therapy

Part II. Motivation and Emotion: What Makes Us Go

Chapter 5 • Drugs, Addiction, and Reward

Psychoactive Drugs

Opiates and Opioids

A Further Look | A New Treatment for Pain: Botox

A Further Look | Government Agencies Act to Curb Overdose Deaths

Depressants

A Further Look | The Auto-Brewery Syndrome

Stimulants

Psychedelic Drugs

Marijuana

A Further Look | Changing Attitudes Toward Marijuana

Addiction

The Role of Reward in Addiction

Synaptic Plasticity and Addiction

Treating Drug Addiction

A Further Look | Targeting the Brain to Lessen Drug Withdrawal

The Role of Genes in Addiction

Separating Genetic and Environmental Influences

What Is Inherited?

Implications of Addiction Research

Chapter 6 • Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States

Motivation and Homeostasis

Theoretical Approaches to Motivation

Simple Homeostatic Drives

Hunger: A Complex Drive

Gustation: The Role of Taste

A Further Look | Predator Control Through Learned Taste Aversion

Digestion and the Two Phases of Metabolism

The Hypothalamic Circuitry of Hunger

Signals That Initiate and Terminate Eating

Long-Term Controls

A Further Look | How Nicotine and Marijuana Affect Appetite

Obesity

A Further Look | Diabetes, the Duck-Billed Platypus, and the Cone Snail

The Myths of Obesity

The Contributions of Heredity and Environment

A Further Look | Obesity Alters Your DNA

Obesity and Reduced Metabolism

Treating Obesity

A Further Look | Pets May Provide Protection Against Obesity

Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge Eating Disorder

Environmental and Genetic Contributions

The Role of Neurotransmitters

Chapter 7 • The Biology of Sex and Gender

Sex as a Form of Motivation

Arousal and Satiation

Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior

Brain Structures and Neurotransmitters

Odors, Pheromones, and Sexual Attraction

A Further Look | Of Love, Bonding, and Empathy

The Biological Determination of Sex

Chromosomes and Hormones

Prenatal Hormone Influences on Brain and Behavior

Gender-Related Behavioral and Cognitive Differences

Some Demonstrated Male–Female Differences

Origins of Male–Female Differences

A Further Look | GTEx Project Provides New Insight Into the Differences Between the Sexes

Biological Origins of Gender Identity

Transgender

Transgender and the Brain

46,XY Intersex

46,XX Intersex

A Further Look | Sex, Gender, and Sports

Cognitive and Behavioral Effects

Ablatio Penis and Other Natural Experiments

A Further Look | Who Gets to Choose a Child’s Sex?

Sexual Orientation

The Social Influence Hypothesis

Genetic and Epigenetic Influences

Prenatal Influences on Brain Structure and Function

Social Implications of the Biological Model

Chapter 8 • Emotion and Health

Emotion and the Nervous System

Autonomic and Muscular Involvement in Emotion

The Emotional Brain

A Further Look | Why Bob Doesn’t Jump Out of Airplanes

Stress, Immunity, and Health

Stress as an Adaptive Response

A Further Look | How Puffer Fish Manage Stress

Negative Effects of Stress

Social, Personality, and Genetic Factors

A Further Look | One Aftermath of Disaster Is Stress-Related Brain Damage

Pain as an Adaptive Emotion

Biological Origins of Aggression

The Brain’s Role in Aggression

Hormones and Neurotransmitters in Aggression

A Further Look | A Bug That Causes Road Rage?

Heredity and Environment

A Further Look | Neurocriminology, Responsibility, and the Law

Part III. Interacting With the World

Chapter 9 • Hearing and Language

Hearing

The Adequate Stimulus for Hearing

The Auditory Mechanism

Frequency Analysis

Restoring Hearing

A Further Look | Beyond Cochlear Implants

Analyzing Complex Sounds

Locating Sounds

A Further Look | I Hear a Tree Over There

Language

Broca’s Area

Wernicke’s Area

The Wernicke-Geschwind Model

Reading, Writing, and Their Impairments

Recovery From Aphasia and Lateralization of Language

A Language-Generating Mechanism?

Language in Nonhuman Animals

Neural and Genetic Antecedents

A Further Look | What Do the Gestures of Apes and Humans Have in Common?

Chapter 10 • Vision and Visual Perception

Light and the Visual Apparatus

The Visible Spectrum

The Eye and Its Receptors

Pathways to the Brain

Color Vision

Trichromatic Theory

Opponent Process Theory

A Combined Theory

A Further Look | Restoring Lost Vision

Color Blindness

Form Vision

Contrast Enhancement and Edge Detection

A Further Look | Neural Bases of Visual Illusions

Hubel and Wiesel’s Theory

Spatial Frequency Theory

The Perception of Objects, Color, and Movement

The Two Pathways of Visual Analysis

Disorders of Visual Perception

The Problem of Final Integration

A Further Look | When Binding Goes Too Far

Chapter 11 • The Body Senses and Movement

The Body Senses

Proprioception

The Skin Senses

The Vestibular Sense

The Somatosensory Cortex and the Posterior Parietal Cortex

Pain and Its Disorders

A Further Look | Treating Pain in Limbs That Aren’t There

Movement

The Muscles

The Spinal Cord

The Brain and Movement

A Further Look | Brain-Computer Interfaces

Disorders of Movement

A Further Look | Deep Brain Stimulation and Parkinson’s Disease

Part IV. Complex Behavior

Chapter 12 • Learning and Memory

Learning as the Storage of Memories

Amnesia: The Failure of Storage and Retrieval

A Further Look | The Legacy of H. M.

Mechanisms of Consolidation and Retrieval

Where Memories Are Stored

Two Kinds of Learning

Working Memory

Brain Changes in Learning

Long-Term Potentiation

How LTP Happens

Consolidation and Sleep

Changing Our Memories

A Further Look | Total Recall

Learning Deficiencies and Disorders

Effects of Aging on Memory

Alzheimer’s Disease

A Further Look | Alzheimer’s in a Dish

Other Dementias

Chapter 13 • Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

The Nature of Intelligence

What Does “Intelligence” Mean?

The Structure of Intelligence

The Biological Origins of Intelligence

The Brain and Intelligence

Specific Abilities and General Intelligence

A Further Look | We Aren’t the Only Tool Users

Heredity and Environment

Deficiencies and Disorders of Intelligence

Effects of Aging on Intelligence

A Further Look | Enhancing Intelligence and Cognitive Performance

Intellectual Disability

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A Further Look | Childhood Vaccines and Autism

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Chapter 14 • Psychological Disorders

Schizophrenia

Characteristics of the Disorder

Heredity

Two Types of Schizophrenia Symptoms

The Dopamine Hypothesis

Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis

A Further Look | Antipsychotics and Their Side Effects

Neurological Anomalies in Schizophrenia

Affective Disorders

Heredity

The Monoamine Hypothesis of Depression

A Further Look | Targeting Drugs to Specific Receptors

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Antidepressants, ECT, and Neural Plasticity

Rhythms and Affective Disorders

Bipolar Disorder and Related Disorders

Neurological Anomalies in Affective Disorders

Suicide

Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress-Related Disorders

Heredity

Generalized Anxiety, Panic Disorder, and Phobia

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Anomalies in Brain Functioning

Personality Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A Further Look | OCD and Mysophobia

OCD-Related Disorders (Grooming and Hoarding)

Borderline Personality Disorder

Chapter 15 • Sleep and Consciousness

Sleep and Dreaming

Circadian Rhythms

Rhythms During Waking and Sleeping

The Functions of Sleep

Sleep, Plasticity, and Memory

Brain Structures of Sleep and Waking

Sleep Disorders

A Further Look | In the Still of the Night

Sleep as a Form of Consciousness

The Neural Bases of Consciousness

Structural and Network Explanations of Consciousness

Awareness

A Further Look | Determining Consciousness When It Counts

Attention

The Sense of Self

Glossary

References

Author Index

Subject Index

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Tags: Bob Garrett, Gerald Hough, Brain, Behavior, Behavioral Neurscience