Contemporary Human Geography 5th Edition by James M Rubenstein ISBN 9780137631704 0137631707

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ISBN 10: 0137631707
ISBN 13: 9780137631704
Author: James M Rubenstein

Contemporary Human Geography 5th Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1 This is Geography

1.1 Key Issue 1 Why is geography a science?

Welcome to Geography

1.1.1 Comparing Geography & History

Contrasting Geography & History

1.1.2 Geographers Explain Where & Why

Geography’s Basic Concepts & COVID-19

1.2 Key Issue 1 Why is geography a science?

Contemporary Geographic Tools

1.2.1 What Is a Map?

GIScience: Analyzing Data

1.2.2 GPS: Pinpointing Locations

VGI: Collecting & Sharing Data

Geocode System: What3words

1.3 Key Issue 1 Why is geography a science?

Making Maps

1.3.1 Geography in the Ancient World

Geography’s Revival

1.3.2 Types of Maps

1.4 Key Issue 1 Why is geography a science?

The Geographic Grid

1.4.1 Longitude & Latitude

Telling Time

1.4.2 Scale & Projection

Map Scale

Projection

1.5 Key Issue 2 Why is every place unique?

Place: A Unique Location

1.5.1 Location

Place Names

1.5.2 Site & Situation

Site

Situation

1.6 Key Issue 2 Why is every place unique?

Region: A Unique Area

1.6.1 Three Types of Regions

Formal Region

1.6.2 Functional & Vernacular Regions

Functional Region

Vernacular Region

1.7 Key Issue 3 Why are different places similar?

Scale: From Global to Local

1.7.1 Globalization of Culture & the Economy

Globalization of Culture

Globalization of the Economy

1.7.2 Local Diversity

Spatial Association

1.8 Key Issue 3 Why are different places similar?

Space: Distribution of Features

1.8.1 Distribution Properties: Density

Distribution Properties: Concentration

Distribution Properties: Pattern

1.8.2 Distribution Properties

Distribution: Social Distance

Distribution: Major League Baseball

1.9 Key Issue 3 Why are different places similar?

Space: Identity

1.9.1 Distribution by Ethnicity

Black Lives Matter

1.9.2 Distribution by Sexual Orientation

Distribution: United States

Distribution: Worldwide

1.10 Key Issue 3 Why are different places similar?

Space: Inequality

1.10.1 Inequality: Gender

Distribution by Gender

1.10.2 Uneven Development

Inequality Among Countries

Inequality Within Countries

1.11 Key Issue 4 Why are places connected?

Connection: Diffusion & Interaction

1.11.1 Types of Diffusion

Relocation Diffusion

Expansion Diffusion

1.11.2 Spatial Interaction

Connections & Culture

Networks

1.12 Key Issue 4 Why are places connected?

Connection: Sustainability

1.12.1 Three Pillars of Sustainability

Three Pillars: The Everglades

1.12.2 Ecology & Ecosystems

Earth’s Connected Physical Systems

1.13 Key Issue 4 Why are places connected?

Humans & Their Environment

1.13.1 Possibilism

Sustainable Ecosystem: The Netherlands

1.13.2 A Sustainability Doughnut

Surging Seas

Chapter 1 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 Why Is Geography a Science?

Key Issue 2 Why Is Every Place Unique?

Key Issue 3 Why Are Different Places Similar?

Key Issue 4 Why Are Places Connected?

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Environmental Challenges for the Dutch

Explore Dili

Chapter 2 Population & Health

2.1 Key Issue 1 Where are people distributed?

Population Density

2.1.1 Density

Arithmetic Density

2.1.2 Physiological Density

Agricultural Density

2.2 Key Issue 1 Where are people distributed?

Population Concentrations

2.2.1 Population Clusters

Sparsely Populated Areas

2.2.2 Population Portions

Population Cartogram

Ecumene

2.3 Key Issue 2 Why is population increasing?

Population Change

2.3.1 Population Growth Through History

Natural Increase Rate

2.3.2 Fertility

Mortality

2.4 Key Issue 2 Why is population increasing?

The Demographic Transition

2.4.1 Demographic Transition: Overview

Demographic Transition: Stage 1

Demographic Transition: Stage 2

2.4.2 Demographic Transition: Stage 3

Demographic Transition: Stage 4

2.5 Key Issue 3 How does health vary by region?

Aging & Health

2.5.1 Countries with Many Young People

Infant Mortality

2.5.2 Countries with Many Older People

Population Pyramids

2.6 Key Issue 3 How does health vary by region?

Gender & Health

2.6.1 Mothers at Risk

Mothers at Risk: United States

2.6.2 Baby Girls at Risk

2.7 Key Issue 3 How does health vary by region?

Medical Services

2.7.1 Hospital Beds

Physicians

2.7.2 Health-Care Expenditures

Government Expenditures on Health Care

2.8 Key Issue 3 How does health vary by region?

Epidemiologic Transition

2.8.1 Epidemiologic Transition, Stages 1 & 2

2.8.2 Epidemiologic Transition, Stages 3 & 4

2.9 Key Issue 4 Why might population change in the future?

Population Futures

2.9.1 Possible Demographic Transition Stage 5

Total Fertility Rate

2.9.2 Possible Stage 5 Countries

Pronatalist & Antinatalist Policies

2.10 Key Issue 4 Why might population change in the future?

Family Futures

2.10.1 Declining CBR

Lowering CBR Through Education & Health Care

2.10.2 Lowering CBR Through Contraception

Family Planning Methods

2.11 Key Issue 4 Why might population change in the future?

Epidemiologic Futures

2.11.1 Reason for Possible Stage 5: Diffusion

Global Distribution

2.11.2 Reason for Possible Stage 5: Increased Connections

Diffusion of HIV/AIDS in the United States

2.12 Key Issue 4 Why might population change in the future?

Population & Resources

2.12.1 Reason for Possible Stage 5: Evolution

Reason for Possible Stage 5: Poverty

2.12.2 Malthus’s Theory

Malthus’s Critics

Malthus’s Theory & Reality

Chapter 2 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 Where Are People Distributed?

Key Issue 2 Why Is Population Increasing?

Key Issue 3 How Does Health Vary by Region?

Key Issue 4 Why Might Population Change in the Future?

Explore Nagel-Gulab, Egypt

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Obesity & Income

Chapter 3 Migration

3.1 Key Issue 1 Where are migrants distributed?

Migration Principles

3.1.1 Migration “Laws”

Migration Transition

3.1.2 International & Internal Migration

International Migration

Internal Migration

3.2 Key Issue 1 Where are migrants distributed?

Global Migration Distribution

3.2.1 Net Migration

Origin & Destination

3.2.2 Changing U.S. Immigration

Colonial Immigration

Nineteenth-Century Immigration

Recent Immigration

3.3 Key Issue 2 Where do people migrate within countries?

Interregional Migration

3.3.1 Interregional Migration: United States

A Changing U.S. Population Center

3.3.2 Interregional Migration: Developed Countries

Interregional Migration: Canada

Interregional Migration: Europe

3.4 Key Issue 2 Where do people migrate within countries?

Intraregional Migration

3.4.1 From Rural to Urban Areas

From Urban to Suburban Areas

3.4.2 From Urban to Rural Areas

Reasons for Decreasing Intraregional Migration

3.5 Key Issue 3 Why do people migrate?

Reasons for Migrating

3.5.1 Who Are the Migrants?

Age of Migrants

Female & Male Migrants

3.5.2 Environmental Reasons for Migrating

Attractive Environments

Flooding & Migration

Rising Seas & Migration

3.6 Key Issue 3 Why do people migrate?

Economic Reasons for Migrating

3.6.1 Economic Destinations

Working Conditions

3.6.2 Remittances

Changing Attraction

3.7 Key Issue 3 Why do people migrate?

Political Reasons for Migrating

3.7.1 Forced Migration of Native Americans

Intervening Obstacles

3.7.2 Forced Political Migration

The Largest Numbers of Refugees

3.8 Key Issue 4 What challenges do migrants face?

Government Migration Policies

3.8.1 Classifying Immigration & Emigration Policies

Distribution of Immigration & Emigration Policies

3.8.2 Europe’s Immigration Issues

Open Borders Within Europe

Guest Workers

3.9 Key Issue 4 What challenges do migrants face?

U.S. Immigration Policies

3.9.1 U.S. Quotas

Quota Preferences

3.9.2 Unauthorized Immigration

Who Are the Unauthorized Immigrants?

3.10 Key Issue 4 What challenges do migrants face?

U.S.–Mexico Border

3.10.1 Along the U.S.–Mexico Border

Divided Americans

3.10.2 Diverse Border Crossings

Chapter 3 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 Where Are Migrants Distributed?

Key Issue 2 Where Do People Migrate Within Countries?

Key Issue 3 Why Do People Migrate?

Key Issue 4 What Challenges Do Migrants Face?

Explore Mexico’s Other Border

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Europe’s Immigrants & Emigrants

Chapter 4 Culture & Social Media

4.1 Key Issue 1 How are leisure activities distributed?

Material Culture & Geography

4.1.1 Scale & Types of Culture

Origin

Distribution

4.1.2 Diffusion of U.S. Houses

Relocation Diffusion of U.S. Folk Houses

Expansion Diffusion of U.S. Popular Housing

4.2 Key Issue 1 How are leisure activities distributed?

Popular & Folk Food Customs

4.2.1 Popular Food Culture

Regional Differences in Popular Food Culture

4.2.2 Folk Food Customs

Food Taboos

4.3 Key Issue 1 How are leisure activities distributed?

Distribution of Electronic Communications

4.3.1 Distribution of Smartphones

Cell Phones in Africa

4.3.2 Distribution of Social Media Platforms

Regional Differences in Popularity

4.4 Key Issue 2 How does culture diffuse?

Diffusion of Clothing

4.4.1 Folk Clothing Preferences

The Amish

4.4.2 Distribution of Popular Clothing Styles

Jeans

4.5 Key Issue 2 How does culture diffuse?

Diffusion of Music

4.5.1 Folk Music

Folk Songs: Vietnam

4.5.2 Popular Music

Popular Music Clusters

Regional Variations

4.6 Key Issue 2 How does culture diffuse?

Diffusion of Sports

4.6.1 Soccer’s Folk Culture Origins

Soccer as Popular Culture

4.6.2 Regionally Distinctive Sports

Olympic Sports

4.7 Key Issue 3 Why is access to culture unequal?

Electronic Diffusion of Culture

4.7.1 Diffusion of TV: Mid-Twentieth Century

Streaming Services

4.7.2 Diffusion of the Internet: Late Twentieth Century

Comparing the Diffusion of TV & the Internet

4.8 Key Issue 3 Why is access to culture unequal?

Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media

4.8.1 Freedom on the Net

Banned Technology

4.8.2 Blocked Content

Violated User Rights

4.9 Key Issue 3 Why is access to culture unequal?

Spatial Dimensions to Cyberattacks

4.9.1 Cyberattacks

Fake News & Alternative Facts

4.9.2 Victims of Cyberattacks

Malware

Cyber Espionage

Ransomware

Using Our Personal Data

4.10 Key Issue 4 Why do cultures face sustainability challenges?

Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Landscapes

4.10.1 Maintaining Unique Folk Culture

Marriage in India: Challenging Cultural Values

4.10.2 Maintaining Unique Food Customs

Terroir

Wine Geography

4.11 Key Issue 4 Why do cultures face sustainability challenges?

Uniform Landscapes of Popular Culture

4.11.1 Travel

Overtourism

4.11.2 Unsustainable Landscapes

Skiing in Dubai

Golf

Chapter 4 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 How Are Leisure Activities Distributed?

Key Issue 2 How Does Culture Diffuse?

Key Issue 3 Why Is Access to Culture Unequal?

Key Issue 4 Why Do Cultures Face Sustainability Challenges?

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Connectivity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Explore Ski Dubai

Chapter 5 Languages

5.1 Key Issue 1 How are languages distributed?

Classifying Languages

5.1.1 Introducing Languages

Organizing Languages

5.1.2 Language Families

5.2 Key Issue 1 How are languages distributed?

Distribution of Languages

5.2.1 Writing Systems

5.2.2 Distribution of Language Families

Asian Language Families

African Language Families

5.3 Key Issue 1 How are languages distributed?

Distribution of Indo-European Languages

5.3.1 Asia’s Indo-European Branch

5.3.2 Europe’s Indo-European Branches

Romance Branch

Germanic Branch

Balto-Slavic Branch

5.4 Key Issue 2 How do languages diffuse?

Into & Out of Africa

5.4.1 Early Diffusion of a Language

Possible Origin of Languages

5.4.2 Common Ancestry of Indo-European

Nomadic Warrior Theory

Sedentary Farmer Theory

5.5 Key Issue 2 How do languages diffuse?

Origin & Diffusion of English

5.5.1 Origin of English

Contemporary Distribution of English

5.5.2 Sharing Languages

Lingua Franca

English on the Internet

Chinese: The Next Lingua Franca?

5.6 Key Issue 3 How do languages vary among places?

Dialects

5.6.1 American & British English

Dialects in the United Kingdom

5.6.2 U.S. Dialects

Changing Distribution of U.S. Dialects

5.7 Key Issue 3 How do languages vary among places?

Dialect or Language?

5.7.1 Creole Languages

Informal Languages

Dialects Become Languages

5.7.2 Sign Languages

Gender Differences in Languages

Language Diversity

5.8 Key Issue 3 How do languages vary among places?

Multilingual Countries

5.8.1 Multilingual Countries in Europe

5.8.2 Other Multilingual Countries

5.9 Key Issue 4 Why do languages survive or perish?

Endangered & Extinct Languages

5.9.1 Endangered Languages

Distribution of Endangered Languages

5.9.2 Extinct Languages

Extinct Languages in the United States

5.10 Key Issue 4 Why do languages survive or perish?

Preserving & Reviving Languages

5.10.1 Preserving Languages

Brythonic Celtic

Goidelic Celtic

5.10.2 Reviving Languages

Inventing Languages

Chapter 5 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 How Are Languages Distributed?

Key Issue 2 How Do Languages Diffuse?

Key Issue 3 How Do Languages Vary Among Places?

Key Issue 4 Why Do Languages Survive or Perish?

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

South America’s Indigenous Languages

Explore Multilingual Belgium

Chapter 6 Religions

6.1 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

Distribution of Religions

6.1.1 Religions & Geography

Classifying Religions

6.1.2 Regional Diversity of Religions

6.2 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

Distribution of Christians

6.2.1 Branches of Christianity

Distribution of Branches in Europe

6.2.2 Distribution of Christian Branches in the Western Hemisphere

Religions of the United States

6.3 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims

6.3.1 Foundation of Buddhism

Branches of Buddhism

6.3.2 Distribution of Muslims

Branches of Islam

6.4 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

Distribution of Ethnic Religions

6.4.1 Clustered Distribution of Ethnic Religions

Distribution of Hindus

Most Popular Hindu Gods

6.4.2 Chinese Folk Religions

Ethno-religions

6.5 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

Distribution of Other Religions

6.5.1 Religions with at Least 15 million Adherents

6.5.2 Religions with between 3 & 9 Million Adherents

6.6 Key Issue 2 Why do religions have distinctive distributions?

Geographic Origin of Religions

6.6.1 Origin of Hinduism & Buddhism in South Asia

Unknown Date of Origin of Hinduism

Origin of Buddhism in Present-Day Nepal

6.6.2 Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia

Origin of Christianity

Origin of Islam

6.7 Key Issue 2 Why do religions have distinctive distributions?

Historical Diffusion of Religions

6.7.1 Early Diffusion of the Three Largest Universalizing Religions

Diffusion of Christianity

6.7.2 Historical Diffusion of Buddhism

Historical Diffusion of Islam

6.8 Key Issue 2 Why do religions have distinctive distributions?

Recent Diffusion of Religions

6.8.1 Religious Composition of Migrants

Migration Patterns of Christians

6.8.2 Migration Patterns of Muslims

Migration Patterns of Jews

6.9 Key Issue 3 How do religions organize space?

Sacred Spaces

6.9.1 Places of Worship

6.9.2 Pilgrimages to Religious Shrines

6.10 Key Issue 3 How do religions organize space?

Religious Settlements & Administration

6.10.1 Utopian Settlements

Religious Place Names

6.10.2 Hierarchical Religions

Locally Autonomous Religions

6.11 Key Issue 3 How do religions organize space?

Religions & the Physical Environment

6.11.1 Cosmogony & Spirits

Hinduism’s South Asian Landscape

6.11.2 The Calendar

Religious Holidays

The Solstice

6.12 Key Issue 4 Why do territorial conflicts arise among religions?

Religions & Social Change

6.12.1 Hinduism & Social Equality

Fundamentalism

6.12.2 Religion & Communism

China, Buddhism, & the Dalai Lama

6.13 Key Issue 4 Why do territorial conflicts arise among religions?

Geographic Perspectives in Israel

6.13.1 Religious Importance

Competing Israeli & Palestinian Perspectives

6.13.2 Jerusalem’s Challenging Geography

Judaism’s Jerusalem

Islam’s Jerusalem

Chapter 6 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 Where Are Religions Distributed?

Key Issue 2 Why Do Religions Have Distinctive Distributions?

Key Issue 3 How Do Religions Organize Space?

Key Issue 4 Why Do Territorial Conflicts Arise Among Religions?

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

South Asia’s Religions

Explore Masjid’s Surroundings

Chapter 7 Ethnicity & Race

7.1 Key Issue 1 Where are ethnicities & races distributed?

Ethnicity, Race, & Nationality

7.1.1 Ethnicities & Geography

Distinguishing Among Ethnicity, Race, & Nationality

7.1.2 Ethnically Complex Brazil

Distribution of Races in Brazil

7.2 Key Issue 1 Where are ethnicities & races distributed?

Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities

7.2.1 Race & the U.S. Census

Distribution of Hispanic Americans

7.2.2 Distribution of Blacks in the United States

Distribution of Asian Americans

Distribution of Indigenous Peoples

7.3 Key Issue 2 Why do ethnicities have distinctive distributions?

Migration Patterns of U.S. Blacks

7.3.1 Forced International Migration of Blacks

7.3.2 Internal Migration of Blacks in the United States

Interregional Migration of Blacks

Intraregional Migration of Blacks

7.4 Key Issue 2 Why do ethnicities have distinctive distributions?

Ethnic & Racial Segregation

7.4.1 “Separate but Equal” in the United States

U.S. Civil Rights Movement

7.4.2 Apartheid in South Africa

Legacy of Apartheid

7.5 Key Issue 2 Why do ethnicities have distinctive distributions?

Black Lives Matter

7.5.1 Racism on the Landscape

Environmental Racism in Flint

7.5.2 Black Lives Matter

Diffusion of BLM

7.6 Key Issue 3 How do ethnicities & nationalities differ?

Ethnicities & Nationalities

7.6.1 Ethnicities & Nationalities in North America

Ethnicities & Nationalities in the British Isles

7.6.2 Nationalism

The Kurds: Ethnicity Without Nationality

Semi-Independent Kurdistan

7.7 Key Issue 3 How do ethnicities & nationalities differ?

Ethnic Diversity in Asia

7.7.1 Ethnic Diversity in Western Asia

7.7.2 Ethnic Diversity in West-Central Asia

Ethnicities in Afghanistan

7.8 Key Issue 4 Why do ethnic cleansing & genocide occur?

Ethnic Cleansing in Asia

7.8.1 Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide

Ethnic Cleansing of Uyghurs

7.8.2 Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in Myanmar

7.9 Key Issue 4 Why do ethnic cleansing & genocide occur?

Ethnic Cleansing in Africa

7.9.1 Ethnicities & Nationalities in Africa

Ethnic Cleansing in Mali

Ethnic Cleansing in Sudan

7.9.2 Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in Central Africa

Conflict in Democratic Republic of the Congo

7.10 Key Issue 4 Why do ethnic cleansing & genocide occur?

Ethnic Cleansing in Europe

7.10.1 Ethnic Diversity in Former Yugoslavia

Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo

7.10.2 Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina

Bosnia & Herzegovina After Ethnic Cleansing

Chapter 7 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities & Races Distributed?

Key Issue 2 Why Do Ethnicities Have Distinctive Distributions?

Key Issue 3 How Do Ethnicities & Nationalities Differ?

Key Issue 4 Why Do Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Occur?

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Ethnic Diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa

Explore Lingering Apartheid in South Africa

Chapter 8 Political Geography

8.1 Key Issue 1 Where are states distributed?

A World of States

8.1.1 What Is a State?

The United Nations

8.1.2 Growth of U.N.

8.2 Key Issue 1 Where are states distributed?

Sovereignty of States

8.2.1 Governing States

Trending Away from Unitary States

8.2.2 Cooperation Among European States

Military Cooperation in Europe

Economic Cooperation in Europe

8.3 Key Issue 2 How are states created?

Evolution of States

8.3.1 Ancient States

Roman Empire to Medieval States

8.3.2 Creating Nation-States in Europe

Europe After World War II

8.4 Key Issue 2 How are states created?

New Nation-States

8.4.1 The Nation-State of Slovenia

Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union

8.4.2 Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union

Ukraine

8.5 Key Issue 2 How are states created?

Colonies

8.5.1 Current Colonies

Are These Colonies?

8.5.2 Colonialism

End of Colonialism

8.6 Key Issue 3 Why do states have distinctive boundaries?

Boundaries Between States

8.6.1 Physical Boundaries

The Law of the Sea

8.6.2 Cultural Boundaries

Consequent Boundary: Cyprus

Geometric Boundary: North America

8.7 Key Issue 3 Why do states have distinctive boundaries?

Boundary Disputes

8.7.1 Physical Boundary Dispute

Cultural Boundary Disputes

8.7.2 Boundary Disputes in Polar Regions & Deserts

Polar Regions

Morocco & Sahrawi Arab Republic

8.8 Key Issue 3 Why do states have distinctive boundaries?

Shapes of States

8.8.1 Landlocked States

Compact States: Efficient

Perforated State: South Africa

8.8.2 Prorupted States: Access or Disruption

Elongated States: Potential Isolation

Fragmented States: Problematic

8.9 Key Issue 3 Why do states have distinctive boundaries?

Gerrymandering Boundaries

8.9.1 Gerrymandering

Two Ways to Gerrymander

8.9.2 State Variations in Gerrymandering

8.10 Key Issue 4 What threats do states face?

Terrorism

8.10.1 Defining Terrorism

8.10.2 World Terrorism Trends

Leading Terrorist Organizations

8.11 Key Issue 4 What threats do states face?

States in War & Peace

8.11.1 Regime Types

State Fragility

8.11.2 Nuclear States

Suspect States

Chapter 8 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 Where Are States Distributed?

Key Issue 2 How Are States Created?

Key Issue 3 Why Do States Have Distinctive Boundaries?

Key Issue 4 What Threats Do States Face?

Explore Europe’s International Boundaries

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Unity & Diversity in Europe

Chapter 9 Food & Agriculture

9.1 Key Issue 1 What do people eat?

How Much We Eat

9.1.1 Food Consumption

Food Security

9.1.2 Undernourishment

Food Waste

Obesity

Food Prices

9.2 Key Issue 1 What do people eat?

Diet

9.2.1 Source of Nutrients

9.2.2 Meat Consumption

Sustainable Food Choices

9.3 Key Issue 2 Where does food come from?

The First Agriculture Revolution

9.3.1 Hunters & Gatherers

Agricultural Revolution

9.3.2 Agriculture Hearths

Diffusion of Agriculture

9.4 Key Issue 2 Where does food come from?

The Second Agricultural Revolution

9.4.1 Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture

9.4.2 Agriculture Regions

Subsistence Agriculture Regions

Intensive Subsistence

Extensive Subsistence

Commercial Agriculture Regions

Intensive Commercial

Extensive Commercial

Agriculture & Climate

9.5 Key Issue 2 Where does food come from?

Comparing Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture

9.5.1 Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Growing Rice

9.5.2 Intensive Commercial Agriculture

Mixed Crop & Livestock

Dairy Farming

9.6 Key Issue 2 Where does food come from?

The Third Agricultural Revolution

9.6.1 The Green Revolution

Miracle Seeds

9.6.2 Commercial Agriculture Productivity

The von Thünen Model

9.7 Key Issue 3 How has agriculture become more global?

International Trade: Meat

9.7.1 Growth in Agricultural Trade

Livestock Ranching

9.7.2 Fishing

Fish Production

Overfishing

9.8 Key Issue 3 How has agriculture become more global?

Trade in Commercial Crops

9.8.1 Trade in Commercial Crops

9.8.2 Government Policies

Drug Trade

9.9 Key Issue 3 How has agriculture become more global?

Threatened Subsistence Agriculture Practices

9.9.1 Shifting Cultivation

Future of Shifting Cultivation

9.9.2 Pastoral Nomadism

Transhumance

9.10 Key Issue 4 How can agriculture be more Earth-friendly?

Agriculture & Resource Depletion

9.10.1 Loss of Agricultural Land

Urban Growth

9.10.2 Agriculture & Water Supply

Desertification

California Agriculture & Water

9.11 Key Issue 4 How can agriculture be more Earth-friendly?

Biotechnology & Sustainability

9.11.1 Genetically Modified Organisms

GMO Labeling

9.11.2 Organic Farming

Sustainable Land Management

Chapter 9 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 What Do People Eat?

Key Issue 2 Where Does Food Come From?

Key Issue 3 How Has Agriculture Become More Global?

Key Issue 4 How Can Agriculture Be More Earth-Friendly?

Explore Rice Fields in Asia

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

Agriculture & Climate in China

Chapter 10 Development

10.1 Key Issue 1 How does development vary among countries?

Human Development

10.1.1 Development & Geography

Human Development Index

10.1.2 Development Regions

10.2 Key Issue 1 How does development vary among countries?

A Decent Standard of Living

10.2.1 GNI PPP

Share of GNI by Country & Region

10.2.2 Economic Structure

Productivity

10.3 Key Issue 1 How does development vary among countries?

Access to Health & Knowledge

10.3.1 A Long & Healthy Life

Medical Services in Developed & Developing Countries

10.3.2 Access to Knowledge

Other Education Indicators

10.4 Key Issue 2 What inequalities are found in development?

Inequality-Adjusted HDI

10.4.1 Inequality Within a Country

Regional-Scale Inequality

10.4.2 Poverty

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

Regional Variations in MPI

10.5 Key Issue 2 What inequalities are found in development?

Gender Inequality

10.5.1 Measuring Gender Inequality

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

10.5.2 Components of the GII

Empowerment

Employment

Reproductive Health

10.6 Key Issue 2 What inequalities are found in development?

Gender Development

10.6.1 Gender Development Index

Disparities Between Females & Males

10.6.2 Gender Attitudes

GSNI Dimensions

10.7 Key Issue 3 How do countries become more developed?

Two Paths to Development

10.7.1 Self-Sufficiency Path

Shortcomings of Self-Sufficiency Path

10.7.2 International Trade Path

Rostow’s International Trade Model

The World Trade Organization

10.8 Key Issue 3 How do countries become more developed?

World Trade

10.8.1 International Trade Triumphs

India Moves Away from Self-Sufficiency

10.8.2 Core & Periphery

North–South Split

10.9 Key Issue 3 How do countries become more developed?

Financing Development

10.9.1 Foreign Direct Investment

Principal Lenders

10.9.2 Loan Debt

Austerity Programs

Microfinance for Development

10.10 Key Issue 4 How can development be more sustainable?

Sustainable Development

10.10.1 Sustainable Development Goals

10.10.2 Measuring Progress in Development

Planetary Pressures-Adjusted Human Development Index

10.11 Key Issue 4 How can development be more sustainable?

Fair Trade

10.11.1 Fair Trade

Fair Trade Producer Standards

Cooperatives

10.11.2 Fair Trade Worker Standards

Fair Trade for Bihor

Fair Trade & Consumers

Chapter 10 Review, Analyze, & Apply

Key Issue 1 How Does Development Vary Among Countries?

Key Issue 2 What Inequalities Are Found in Development?

Key Issue 3 How Do Countries Become More Developed?

Key Issue 4 How Can Development Be More Sustainable?

Explore The World’s Lowest HDI

Key Terms

Geospatial Analysis

HDI in Southwest Asia

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