Database Systems 3rd Edition by Elvis Foster, Shripad Godbole 1032217324 9781032217321
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ISBN 10: 1032217324
ISBN 13: 9781032217321
Author: Elvis C. Foster; Shripad V. Godbole
This book provides a concise but comprehensive guide to the disciplines of database design, construction, implementation, and management. Based on the authors’ professional experience in the software engineering and IT industries before making a career switch to academia, the text stresses sound database design as a necessary precursor to successful development and administration of database systems. The discipline of database systems design and management is discussed within the context of the bigger picture of software engineering. Students are led to understand from the outset of the text that a database is a critical component of a software infrastructure, and that proper database design and management is integral to the success of a software system. Additionally, students are led to appreciate the huge value of a properly designed database to the success of a business enterprise. The text was written for three target audiences. It is suited for undergraduate students of computer science and related disciplines who are pursuing a course in database systems, graduate students who are pursuing an introductory course to database, and practicing software engineers and information technology (IT) professionals who need a quick reference on database design. Database Systems: A Pragmatic Approach, 3rd Edition discusses concepts, principles, design, implementation, and management issues related to database systems. Each chapter is organized into brief, reader-friendly, conversational sections with itemization of salient points to be remembered. This pragmatic approach includes adequate treatment of database theory and practice based on strategies that have been tested, proven, and refined over several years. Features of the third edition include: Short paragraphs that express the salient aspects of each subject Bullet points itemizing important points for easy memorization Fully revised and updated diagrams and figures to illustrate concepts to enhance the student’s understanding Real-world examples Original methodologies applicable to database design Step-by-step, student-friendly guidelines for solving generic database systems problems Opening chapter overviews and concluding chapter summaries Discussion of DBMS alternatives such as the Entity–Attributes–Value model, NoSQL databases, database-supporting frameworks, and other burgeoning database technologies A chapter with sample assignment questions and case studies This textbook may be used as a one-semester or two-semester course in database systems, augmented by a DBMS (preferably Oracle). After its usage, students will come away with a firm grasp of the design, development, implementation, and management of a database system.
Database Systems 3rd Table of contents:
SECTION A PRELIMINARY TOPICS
1 Introduction to Database Systems
1.1 Definitions and Rationale
1.2 Objectives of a Database System
1.2.1 Primary and Secondary Objectives
1.2.2 Clarification on Data Independence
1.3 Advantages of a Database System
1.4 Approaches to Database Design
1.4.1 Conventional Files
1.4.2 Database Approach
1.5 Desirable Features of a DBS
1.6 Database Development Life Cycle
1.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
1.8 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
2 The Database System Environment
2.1 Levels of Architecture
2.1.1 External Level
2.1.2 Conceptual Level
2.1.3 Internal Level
2.2 Inter-Level Mappings
2.3 Database Personnel
2.3.1 Database Administrator and Data Architect
2.3.2 Tools Expert
2.3.3 Application Programmer
2.3.4 User Liaison Specialist
2.3.5 Network and Infrastructure Specialist
2.4 The Database Management System
2.5 Components of DBMS Suite
2.5.1 The DBMS Engine
2.5.2 Data Definition Subsystem
2.5.3 The User Interface Subsystem
2.5.4 Application Development Subsystem
2.5.5 Data Administration Subsystem
2.5.6 Data Dictionary Subsystem
2.5.7 Data Communications Manager
2.5.8 Utilities Subsystem
2.6 Front-End and Back-End Perspectives
2.7 Database System Architecture
2.8 Database Management System Classifications
2.8.1 Classification Based on Data Models
2.8.2 Classification Based on Number of Users
2.8.3 Classification Based on Site Configuration
2.8.4 Classification Based on Database Purpose
2.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks
2.10 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
SECTION B THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL
3 Introducing the Relational Model
3.1 Basic Concepts
3.2 Domains
3.3 Relations
3.3.1 Properties of a Relation
3.3.2 Kinds of Relations
3.4 Relational Database System
3.5 Identifying Relationships
3.6 Representing Relationships
3.6.1 The Entity–Relationship Model
3.6.2 The Object–Relationship Model
3.6.3 Summary of Traditional Models
3.6.3.1 Database Tree
3.6.3.2 Database Networks
3.6.4 Multiplicity of Relationships
3.7 Implementing Relationships
3.8 Innovation: The Relation–Attributes List and Relationship List
3.9 Database Naming Convention
3.10 Summary and Concluding Remarks
3.11 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
4 Integrity Rules and Normalization
4.1 Fundamental Integrity Rules
4.2 Foreign Key Concept
4.3 Rationale for Normalization
4.4 Functional Dependence and Non-Loss Decomposition
4.4.1 Functional Dependence
4.4.2 Non-Loss Decomposition
4.4.2.1 Corollary from Heath’s Theorem
4.4.2.2 Conclusion from Heath’s Theorem and Its Corollary
4.5 First Normal Form
4.6 Second Normal Form
4.7 Third Normal Form
4.8 Boyce–Codd Normal Form
4.9 Fourth Normal Form
4.9.1 Multi-Valued Dependency
4.9.2 Fagin’s Theorem
4.9.3 The Zoo Revisited
4.10 Fifth Normal Form
4.10.1 Definition of Join Dependency
4.10.2 Fagin’s Theorem
4.11 An Example
4.12 Other Normal Forms
4.12.1 The Domain-Key Normal Form
4.12.2 The Sixth Normal Form
4.13 Summary and Concluding Remarks
4.14 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
5 Database Modeling and Design
5.1 Database Model and Database Design
5.1.1 Database Model
5.1.2 Database Design
5.2 The E–R Model Revisited
5.3 Database Design via the E–R Model
5.4 The Extended Relational Model
5.4.1 Entity Classifications
5.4.2 Surrogates
5.4.3 E-Relations and P-Relations
5.4.4 Integrity Rules
5.5 Database Design via the XR Model
5.5.1 Determining the Kernel Entities
5.5.2 Determining the Characteristic Entities
5.5.3 Determining the Designative Entities
5.5.4 Determining the Associations
5.5.5 Determining Entity Subtypes and Super-Types
5.5.6 Determining Component Entities
5.5.7 Determining Additional Properties
5.5.8 Additional Application of the XR Model
5.6 The UML Model
5.7 Database Design via the UML Model
5.8 Innovation: The Object/Entity Specification Grid
5.9 Database Design via Normalization Theory
5.9.1 Example: Mountaineering Problem
5.9.2 Determining Candidate Keys and Then Normalizing
5.10 Database Model and Design Tools
5.11 Summary and Concluding Remarks
5.12 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
6 Database User Interface Design
6.1 Overview
6.2 Deciding on User Interface
6.3 Steps in User Interface Design
6.3.1 Menu or Graphical User Interface
6.3.2 Command-Based User Interface
6.4 User Interface Development and Implementation
6.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
6.6 Review Questions
References and/or Recommend Readings
7 Relational Algebra
7.1 Overview
7.2 Basic Operations of Relational Algebra
7.2.1 Primary and Secondary Operations
7.2.2 Codd’s Original Classification of Operations
7.2.3 Nested Operations
7.3 Syntax of Relational Algebra
7.3.1 Database Scenario
7.3.2 Syntax Convention
7.3.3 Select Statement
7.3.4 Projection Statement
7.3.5 Natural Join Statement
7.3.6 Cartesian Product
7.3.7 Theta-Join
7.3.8 Inner and Outer Joins
7.3.9 UNION, INTERESECT, and MINUS Statements
7.3.10 Division Statement
7.4 Aliases, Renaming, and the Relational Assignment
7.4.1 The Alias Operation
7.4.2 The Assignment Operation
7.4.3 The Rename Operation
7.5 Other Operators
7.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
7.7 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
8 Relational Calculus
8.1 Overview
8.2 Calculus Notations and Illustrations
8.2.1 Essential Notations
8.2.2 Some Examples
8.3 Quantifiers: Free and Bound Variables
8.3.1 Well-Formed Formula
8.3.2 Free and Bound Variables
8.4 Substitution Rule and Standardization Rules
8.5 Introductory Query Optimization
8.6 Domain-Oriented Relational Calculus
8.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
8.8 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
9 Reflective Look at the Relational Database Model
9.1 The Relational Model Summarized
9.2 Ramifications of the Relational Model
9.2.1 Codd’s Early Benchmark
9.2.2 Revised Definition of a Relational System
9.2.2.1 Codd’s Zero-Rule
9.2.2.2 Codd’s 12 Rules
9.2.3 Far-Reaching Consequences
9.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks
9.4 Review Questions
References
SECTION C THE STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
10 Overview of SQL
10.1 Important Facts
10.1.1 Commonly Used DDL Statements
10.1.2 Commonly Used DML and DCL Statements
10.1.3 Syntax Convention
10.2 Advantages of SQL
10.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks
10.4 Review Questions
Recommended Readings
11 SQL Data Definition Statements
11.1 Overview of Oracle’s SQL Environment
11.2 Basic Concepts in a Typical Oracle Database Environment
11.3 Database Creation
11.4 Database Management
11.5 Tablespace Creation
11.6 Tablespace Management
11.7 Oracle Cloud Features
11.7.1 Creating and Using a Database Instance via OAC
11.7.2 Accessing the OAC Database via SQL Developer
11.7.3 Accessing the OAC Database via Application Express
11.8 Table Creation
11.9 Dropping or Modifying a Table
11.10 Working with Indexes
11.11 Working with Sequences
11.11.1 Creating and Using Sequences
11.11.2 Altering and Dropping Sequences
11.12 Working with Synonyms
11.13 Summary and Concluding Remarks
11.14 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
12 SQL Data Manipulation Statements
12.1 Insertion of Data
12.2 Update Operations
12.3 Deletion of Data
12.4 Commit and Rollback Operations
12.5 Basic Syntax for Queries
12.6 Simple Queries
12.7 Queries Involving Multiple Tables
12.7.1 The Traditional Method
12.7.2 The ANSI Method
12.8 Queries Involving the Use of Functions
12.8.1 Row Functions
12.8.2 Date Functions
12.8.3 Data Conversion Functions
12.8.4 Programmer-Defined Functions
12.8.5 Aggregation Functions
12.8.6 Analytic Functions
12.9 Queries Using the LIKE and BETWEEN Operators
12.10 Nested Queries
12.10.1 Nested Queries Involving Use of the IN Operator
12.10.2 Nested Queries Involving Use of ANY or ALL Operator
12.10.3 Nested Queries Using the Existential Quantifier
12.11 Queries Involving Set Operation
12.12 Queries with Runtime Variables
12.13 Queries Involving SQL*Plus Format Commands
12.14 Embedded SQL
12.15 Dynamic Queries
12.16 Summary and Concluding Remarks
12.17 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
13 Logical Views and System Security
13.1 Traditional Logical Views
13.1.1 View Creation
13.1.2 View Modification and Removal
13.1.3 Usefulness and Manipulation of Logical Views
13.2 System Security
13.2.1 Access to the System
13.2.2 Access to System Resources
13.2.3 Managing Access to System Resources via Development Privileges and Roles
13.2.4 Access to System Data
13.2.4.1 Security via Object Privileges
13.2.4.2 Security via Views
13.2.4.3 Security via Database Design
13.3 Materialized Views
13.3.1 Creating a Materialized View
13.3.2 Altering or Dropping a Materialized View
13.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
13.5 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
14 The System Catalog
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Three Important Catalog Tables
14.2.1 The User_Tables View
14.2.2 The User_Tab_Columns View
14.2.3 The User_Indexes View
14.3 Other Important Catalog Tables
14.4 Querying the System Catalog
14.5 Updating the System Catalog
14.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
14.7 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
15 Some Limitations of SQL
15.1 Programming Limitations
15.2 Limitations on Views
15.2.1 Restriction on Use of the ORDER-BY-Clause for Earlier Versions of SQL
15.2.2 Restriction on Data Manipulation for Views Involving UNION, INTERSECT, or JOIN
15.2.3 Restriction on Use of Aggregation Functions for Earlier Versions of SQL
15.3 Stringent Enforcement of Referential Integrity
15.4 Limitations on Calculated Columns
15.5 If-Then Limitation
15.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
15.7 Review Questions
Recommended Readings
SECTION D ADVANCED TOPICS
16 Database Administration
16.1 Database Installation, Creation, and Configuration
16.2 Database Security
16.3 Database Management
16.4 Database Backup and Recovery
16.4.1 Oracle Backups: Basic Concept
16.4.2 Oracle Recovery: Basic Concept
16.4.3 Types of Failures
16.4.4 Database Backups
16.4.5 Basic Recovery Steps
16.4.6 Oracle’s Backup and Recovery Solutions
16.5 Database Tuning
16.5.1 Tuning Goals
16.5.2 Tuning Methodology
16.6 Database Removal
16.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
16.8 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
17 Distributed Database Systems
17.1 Preliminaries
17.2 Advantages of Distributed Database Systems
17.3 Twelve Rules for Distributed Database Systems
17.4 Challenges to Distributed Database Systems
17.4.1 Query Optimization
17.4.2 Catalog Management
17.4.3 Update Propagation
17.4.4 Concurrency
17.4.5 Transaction Management
17.5 Database Gateways
17.6 The Future of Distributed Database Systems
17.6.1 Object Technology
17.6.2 Electronic Communication Systems
17.6.3 Cloud Technology
17.6.4 Big Data
17.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
17.8 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
18 Object Databases
18.1 Overview
18.2 Overview of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems
18.3 Challenges for Object-Oriented Database Management Systems
18.4 Hybrid Approach
18.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
18.6 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
19 Data Warehousing
19.1 Overview
19.1.1 Definitions
19.1.2 Acquiring a Data Warehouse
19.2 Rationale for Data Warehousing
19.3 Characteristics of a Data Warehouse
19.3.1 Definitive Features
19.3.2 Nature of Data Stored
19.3.3 Processing Requirements
19.3.4 Twelve Rules that Govern a Data Warehouse
19.4 Data Warehouse Architecture
19.4.1 Basic Data Warehouse Architecture
19.4.2 Data Warehouse Architecture with a Staging Area
19.4.3 Data Warehouse Architecture with a Staging Area and Data Marts
19.5 Extraction, Transformation, and Loading
19.5.1 What Happens During the ETL Process
19.5.2 ETL Tools
19.5.2.1 Oracle Tools
19.5.2.2 IBM Db2 Tools
19.5.3 Daily Operations and Expansion of the Data Warehouse
19.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
19.7 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
20 Web-Accessible Databases
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Web-Accessible Database Architecture
20.3 Supporting Technologies
20.4 Implementation with Selected DBMS Suites
20.4.1 Implementation in Oracle
20.4.2 Implementation with DB2
20.4.3 Implementation in MySQL
20.5 Generic Implementation via Front-End and Back-End Tools
20.6 Challenges and Opportunities
20.6.1 Cloud Computing and Big Data
20.6.2 Cybersecurity
20.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
20.8 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
21 Using Database Systems to Anchor Management Support Systems
21.1 Overview of Management Support Systems
21.2 Building System Security through Database Design
21.3 Case Study: Dynamic Menu Interface Designer
21.3.1 Database Requirements of the DMID
21.3.2 Overview of the DMID’s User Interface Requirements
21.3.3 Management of System Constraints via the DMID
21.3.4 Access to System Resources
21.3.5 Usefulness and Applicability of the DMID
21.4 Selected MSS Project Ideas
21.4.1 Electoral Management System
21.4.2 Health Information Management System
21.4.3 Strategic Education Management System
21.4.4 Flight Information Management System
21.4.5 Financial Information Management System
21.4.6 Disease Recognition System
21.4.7 Cognitive Leadership Analysis System
21.4.8 Financial Status Assessment System
21.4.9 College/University Administrative Information System
21.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
21.6 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
SECTION E OVERVIEW OF SELECTED DBMS SUITES AND TECHNOLOGIES
22 Overview of Oracle
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Main Components of the Oracle Suite
22.2.1 Oracle Server
22.2.2 Oracle PL/SQL and SQL*Plus
22.2.3 Oracle Developer Suite
22.2.4 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and SQL Developer
22.2.5 Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control
22.2.6 Oracle Database Configuration Assistant
22.2.7 Oracle Data Integrator
22.3 Shortcomings of Oracle
22.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
22.5 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
23 Overview of Db2
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Main Components of the Db2 Suite
23.2.1 IBM Data Management Console
23.2.2 IBM Advanced Recovery Feature
23.2.3 IBM Db2 Connect
23.2.4 IBM Data Studio
23.2.5 IBM InfoSphere Data Architect
23.2.6 IBM Data Warehousing Products
23.3 Shortcomings of Db2
23.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
23.5 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
24 Overview of MySQL
24.1 Introduction to MySQL
24.2 Main Features of MySQL
24.3 Main Components of MySQL
24.4 Alternate Storage Engines
24.5 MySQL Database Service
24.6 Shortcomings of MySQL
24.6.1 Limitations on Logical Views
24.6.2 Limitations on Subqueries
24.6.3 Limitation on Server-Side Cursors
24.6.4 Other Limitations
24.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
24.8 Review Questions
References and Recommended Readings
25 Overview of Microsoft SQL Server
25.1 Introduction
25.1.1 Brief History
25.1.2 Operating Environment
25.1.3 Microsoft Server Editions
25.2 Main Features of Microsoft SQL Server
25.3 Main Components of Microsoft SQL Server Suite
25.3.1 Server Components
25.3.2 Management Tools
25.3.3 Development Tools
25.3.4 Client Connectivity
25.3.5 Code Samples
25.4 Shortcomings of Microsoft SQL Server
25.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
25.6 Review Questions
References and/or Recommended Readings
26 Other Emerging Database Methodologies
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Entity–Attributes–Value Model
26.2.1 Rationale for the EAV Model
26.2.2 Challenges of the EAV Model
26.2.3 Illustrating Application of the EAV Model
26.3 Database-Supporting Frameworks
26.4 NoSQL
26.4.1 NoSQL Databases versus SQL Databases
26.4.2 Emerging NoSQL Data Models
26.4.3 Examples of NoSQL Databases
26.5 Other Burgeoning Trends
26.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
26.7 Review Questions
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