Democratic Speech in Divided Times 1st Edition by Maxime Lepoutre 0198869754 9780198869757

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ISBN 10: 0198869754

ISBN 13: 9780198869757

Author: Maxime Lepoutre

In an ideal democracy, people from all walks of life would come together to talk meaningfully and respectfully about politics. But we do not live in an ideal democracy. In contemporary democracies, which are marked by deep social divisions, different groups for the most part avoid talking to each other. And when they do talk to each other, their speech often seems to be little more than a vehicle for rage, hatred, and deception. Democratic Speech in Divided Times argues that we should nevertheless not give up on the ideal of democratic public speech. Drawing on the resources of political theory, epistemology, and philosophy of language, this book develops a sustained account of the norms that should govern public discourse in deeply divided circumstances. Should we try to find common ground when we talk to our political opponents, even though they seem unreasonable? Should we refrain from expressing anger, if we want to get things done? How can we use our speech to fight hate speech and disinformation? And is it even possible to speak to ‘the other side,’ in settings where different groups dislike one another, live apart from one another, and don’t know much about one another? By tackling these questions, Lepoutre demonstrates that, when governed by the right set of norms, public speech can be a powerful force for good even amidst profound social divisions.

Democratic Speech in Divided Times 1st Table of contents:

1. Democratic Discourse in Divided Settings

2. Overview

Part I. Norms of Democratic Public Discourse

1. Offering Shared Reasons

1. Introduction

2. Sharing Reasons: A Dilemma

3. The Constituency of the Shared Reasons Constraint

4. The Site of the Shared Reasons Constraint

5. The Form of Public Reason-giving

6. Conclusion

2. Voicing Anger

1. Introduction

2. Defining Anger

3. The Counterproductivity Objection: An Overview

4. The Epistemic Value of Publicly Expressed Anger

5. The Systemic Defence of Publicly Expressed Anger

6. Conclusion

3. Countering Public Hate Speech

1. Introduction

2. Defining Hate Speech

3. The Harm of Hate Speech

4. The Moral Cost of Legal Restrictions

5. State Counterspeech

6. Positive Counterspeech

7. Conclusion

4. Countering Public Misinformation

1. Introduction

2. The Problem of Misinformation

3. The Difficulty of Restricting Misinformation

4. The Stickiness of Misinformation

5. Positive Counterspeech Revisited

6. Diachronic Counterspeech

7. Conclusion

Part II. Presuppositions of Democratic Public Discourse

5. The Problem of Goodwill

1. Introduction

2. The Problem of Goodwill

3. What Does Fruitful Public Discourse Really Presuppose?

4. Can Non-ideal Public Discourse Produce Goodwill?

5. Conclusion

6. The Problem of Political Ignorance

1. Introduction

2. The Problem of Group Cognition

3. The Epistemic Value of Group Cognition

4. Technical Group Cognition

5. Dogmatic Group Cognition

6. Conclusion

7. The Problem of Fragmentation

1. Introduction: A Fragmented Public Sphere

2. The Public Discourse Argument for Integration

3. Integration and Freedom of Association

4. Integrating a System

5. Conclusion

8. Resisting Political Minimalism

1. Introduction: Political Minimalism

2. Why Robust Ignorance is a Problem for Minimalist Democracy

3. Why Robust Ignorance is a Problem for Non-democratic Views

4. Conclusion

Conclusion

1. Summary of the Argument

2. The Challenge Remaining

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