Electrochemical power sources fundamentals systems and applications hydrogen production by water electrolysis 1st Edition by Tom Smolinka, Jürgen Garche ISBN 9780128194256 0128194251

Chapter 1 The importance of water electrolysis for our future energy system

Abstract

Chapter Outline

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Motivation and key drivers for hydrogen in the future energy system

1.3 Hydrogen in global energy future scenarios

1.4 Water electrolysis in a net-zero future

1.5 Summary and outlook to 2030

Abbreviations, terminology, units and conversions

References

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of water electrolysis

Abstract

Chapter Outline

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The water electrolysis cell

2.3 Thermodynamics

2.4 Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

2.5 Cell efficiencies

2.6 Conclusions

Glossary

References

Chapter 3 Thermochemical hydrogen processes

Abstract

Chapter Outline

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Metal oxide water splitting cycles

3.3 Copper–chlorine process

3.4 Sulfur-based process

3.5 Conclusions and outlook

References

Chapter 4 The history of water electrolysis from its beginnings to the present

Abstract

Chapter Outline

4.1 Introduction

4.2 First developments

4.3 Preindustrial time up to about 1900

4.4 Alkaline water electrolysis in the 20th century

4.5 History of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis

4.6 History of high-temperature steam electrolysis

4.7 Recent past with focus on new markets for renewables energies

References

Chapter 5 Alkaline electrolysis—status and prospects

Abstract

Chapter Outline

5.1 Brief history of water electrolysis

5.2 Physical and chemical principles of electrolysis

5.3 Principle of operation of an alkaline electrolyzer

5.4 Technical concepts of electrolysis—status and prospects

5.5 Materials

5.6 Degradation effects in alkaline electrolyzers

5.7 Anion exchange membrane electrolysis

5.8 Description of technical plants

5.9 Alkaline electrolysis—future prospects

References

Chapter 6 PEM water electrolysis

Abstract

Chapter Outline

6.1 General principle and cell layout

6.2 Cell and stack materials

6.3 Performance on cell and system level

6.4 Degradation mechanisms and lifetime

6.5 Electrolyte

6.6 System aspects and operational experience

6.7 System configuration and design

6.8 Modeling of polymer electrolyte membrane or proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

6.9 Material level

6.10 Cell level

6.11 Stack and system level

6.12 Cost reduction potential of polymer electrolyte membrane or proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

6.13 Cost breakdown

6.14 Main actors and highlights of recent years

6.15 Outlook and new concepts

References

Chapter 7 High temperature steam electrolysis

Abstract

Chapter Outline

7.1 Introduction and general principle

7.2 Architecture of solid oxide cells

7.3 Cell materials

7.4 Stack components and designs

7.5 Cell performance

7.6 Stack performance

7.7 Structural analysis of cells and stacks

7.8 High temperature steam electrolyzer system

7.9 From cell to system cost analysis

7.10 Summary and outlook on future development

References

Chapter 8 Chlor–alkali electrolysis

Abstract

Chapter Outline

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Brief history of the chlor–alkali industry

8.3 Overview of chlor–alkali technologies

8.4 Materials and electrochemistry of a membrane cell

8.5 System configuration of membrane cell

8.6 Overview of the chlor–alkali industry with membrane cells

8.7 Future outlook and a new cathode concept

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9 Seawater electrolysis

Abstract

Chapter Outline

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Seawater electrolysis

9.3 Chlorine-free seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production

9.4 Summary

References

Chapter 10 Economic considerations for hydrogen production with a focus on polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis

Abstract

Chapter Outline

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Background

10.3 Hydrogen markets

10.4 Hydrogen production cost economic considerations

10.5 Basic hydrogen economics (100 level)

10.6 Hydrogen economics (300 level)

10.7 Advanced hydrogen economics (500 level)

10.8 Assumptions and knowledge gaps

10.9 Summary

Funding sources

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 11 Regenerative fuel cells

Abstract

Chapter Outline

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Regenerative fuel cells based on proton exchange membranes technology

11.3 Other unitized regenerative fuel cell systems

11.4 Applications

11.5 Outline

References

Chapter 12 New electrolyzer principles: decoupled water splitting

Abstract

Chapter Outline

12.1 Introductions

12.2 Electrolytic schemes for decoupled water splitting

12.3 Electrochemical–chemical cycles for decoupled water splitting

12.4 Decoupled photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic water splitting

12.5 Summary

Acknowledgment

Competing interests

References

Chapter 13 Hydrogen storage

Abstract

Chapter Outline

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Physical storage

13.3 Adsorption storage

13.4 Chemical hydrogen storage

13.5 Comparison of different storage technologies

13.6 Large-scale and underground hydrogen storage

13.7 Storage for mobile applications

13.8 Summary

13.9 Suggestions for further reading

References

Index