Experimental Organic Chemistry A Miniscale and Microscale Approach 6th Edition by John Gilbert, Stephen Marti 1305080467 9781305080461

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ISBN 10: 1305080467 
ISBN 13: 9781305080461
Author: John C. Gilbert, Stephen F. Marti

Perform chemistry experiments with skill and confidence in your organic chemistry lab course with this easy-to-understand lab manual. EXPERIMENTAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: A MINISCALE AND MICROSCALE APPROACH, Sixth Edition first covers equipment, record keeping, and safety in the laboratory, then walks you step by step through the laboratory techniques you’ll need to perform all experiments. Individual chapters show you how to use the techniques to synthesize compounds and analyze their properties, complete multi-step syntheses of organic compounds, and solve structures of unknown compounds. New experiments in Chapter 17 and 18 demonstrate the potential of chiral agents in fostering enantioselectivity and of performing solvent-free reactions. A bioorganic experiment in Chapter 24 gives you an opportunity to accomplish a mechanistically interesting and synthetically important coupling of two a-amino acids to produce a dipeptide.

Experimental Organic Chemistry A Miniscale and Microscale Approach 6th Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Introduction, Record Keeping, and Laboratory Safety

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Preparing for the Laboratory

1.3. Working in the Laboratory

1.4. The Laboratory Notebook

1.5. General Protocol for the Laboratory Notebook

1.6. Types of Organic Experiments and Notebook Formats

1.6a. Notebook Format for Investigative Experiments

1.6b. Notebook Format for Preparative Experiments

1.7. Sample Calculations for Notebook Records

1.8. Safe Laboratory Practice: Overview

1.9. Safety: General Discussion

1.10. Safety: Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

1.11. Safety: Disposal of Chemicals

References

Historical Highlight

Chapter 2. Techniques and Apparatus

2.1. Glassware: Precautions and Cleaning

2.2. Standard-Taper Glassware for Miniscale Procedures

2.3. Standard-Taper Glassware for Microscale Procedures

2.4. Assembling Apparatus

2.4a. Miniscale Setup

2.4b. Microscale Setup

2.5. Measuring and Transferring Liquids

2.5a. Graduated Cylinders, Beakers, Erlenmeyer Flasks, and Vials

2.5b. Pasteur Pipet

2.5c. Modified Pasteur Pipets

2.5d. Graduated Pipets

2.5e. Syringes

2.5f. Dispensing Pumps and Automatic Pipets

2.6. Weighing Methods

2.7. Melting-Point Methods and Apparatus

2.7a. Capillary Tubes and Sample Preparation

2.7b. Melting-Point Determination

2.7c. Melting-Point Apparatus

2.8. Boiling-Point Methods and Apparatus

2.8a. Miniscale Method

2.8b. Microscale Method

2.9. Heating Methods

2.9a. Burners

2.9b. Heating Mantle

2.9c. Oil Bath

2.9d. Hot Plate

2.9e. Aluminum Block

2.9f. Heat Gun

2.9g. Sand Bath

2.9h. Water Bath

2.9i. Steam Bath

2.9j. Microwave Ovens

2.10. Cooling Techniques

2.11. Stirring Methods

2.11a. Swirling

2.11b. Magnetic Stirring

2.11c. Mechanical Stirring

2.12. Centrifugation

2.13. Simple Distillation

2.13a. Miniscale Apparatus

2.13b. Microscale Apparatus

2.14. Fractional Distillation

2.15. Vacuum Distillation

2.16. Steam Distillation

2.17. Filtration Apparatus and Techniques

2.17a. Filtration Media

2.17b. Gravity Filtration

2.17c. Hot Filtration

2.17d. Vacuum Filtration

2.17e. Craig Tube Filtration

2.18. Decolorizing Carbon

2.18a. Miniscale Technique

2.18b. Microscale Technique

2.19. Decanting Solutions

2.20. Sublimation

2.21. Extraction

2.21a. Extractions Using Separatory Funnels: Miniscale Technique

2.21b. Extractions Using Conical Vials and Centrifuge Tubes: Microscale Technique

2.22. Heating under Reflux

2.22a. Miniscale Apparatus

2.22b. Microscale Technique

2.23. Gas Traps

2.23a. Miniscale

2.23b. Microscale

2.24. Drying Agents

2.24a. Drying Agents and Desiccants

2.25. Drying Organic Solutions

2.25a. Miniscale Technique

2.25b. Microscale Technique

2.26. Drying Solids

2.27. Drying Tubes

2.28. Drying Apparatus

2.29. Evaporating Solvents

2.29a. Miniscale Methods

2.29b. Microscale Methods

Chapter 3. Solids: Recrystallization and Melting Points

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Recrystallization

3.2a. Selection of Solvent

3.2b. Dissolution

3.2c. Decoloration and Hot Filtration

3.2d. Crystallization

3.2e. Filtration and Solvent Removal

3.2f. Drying the Crystals

Experimental Procedures: Recrystallization

Exercises

3.3. Physical Constants: Melting Points

3.3a. Physical Constants

3.3b. Melting Point of a Pure Substance

3.3c. Effect of Impurities on Melting Points

3.3d. Micro Melting-Point Methods

Experimental Procedures: Melting Points

Experimental Procedures

Exercises

Historical Highlight

Chapter 4. Liquids: Distillation and Boiling Points

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Boiling Points of Pure Liquids

Experimental Procedures: Boiling Points of Pure Liquids

Exercises

4.3. Simple Distillation

Experimental Procedures: Simple Distillation

Exercises

4.4. Fractional Distillation

4.4a. Theory

4.4b. Fractional Distillation Columns and Their Operation

Experimental Procedures: Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture

Exercises

4.5. Steam Distillation

4.5a. Theory and Discussion

4.6. Steam Distillation: Isolation of Citral from Lemon Grass Oil

Experimental Procedures: Steam Distillation of Citral from Lemon Grass Oil

Exercises

4.7. Qualitative Analysis

4.7a. A. Tests for Unsaturation

Experimental Procedures: Bromine Test for Unsaturation

Experimental Procedures: Baeyer Test for Unsaturation

4.7b. B. Test for Aldehyde Function

Experimental Procedures: Chromic Acid Test for Aldehydes and 1 ° and 2 ° Alcohols

Historical Highlight

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John Gilbert,Stephen Marti,Experimental Organic Chemistry