Flow Chemistry Applications 2nd Edition by Ferenc Darvas, György Dormán, Volker Hessel, Steven V Ley ISBN 9783110693690 3110693690

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ISBN 10: 3110693690
ISBN 13: 9783110693690
Author: Ferenc Darvas, György Dormán, Volker Hessel, Steven V Ley

Flow Chemistry Applications 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Gabriele Laudadio, Timothy Noël 1 Photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Photochemical versus thermochemical activation of molecules

1.3 Important considerations when performing photochemistry in microreactors

1.4 How to build your own photochemical reactor

1.5 The selection of the right light source

1.6 How flow can make an impact on synthetic organic photochemistry – concrete examples

1.6.1 Homogeneous reaction conditions

1.6.2 Multiphase reaction conditions

1.7 Scale-up of photochemical processes

1.8 Use of automation protocols in combination of photochemical flow reactors

1.9 Summary

Martin Linden, Maximilian M. Hielscher, Balázs Endrődi, Csaba Janáky, Siegfried R. Waldvogel 2 Electrochemical processes in flow

2.1 Electrochemical aspects in flow

2.1.1 General electrochemical aspects

2.1.2 Electrolysis in flow

2.1.3 Follow-up conversions

2.1.4 Availability of lab-scale flow electrolyzers

2.2 Design of flow electrolyzers

2.2.1 Industrial narrow gap cells

2.2.2 Membrane/diaphragm-separated electrolyzer cells and plate-frame approach

2.2.3 Gas diffusion electrodes

2.2.4 Electrochemical system design

2.3 Electrochemical processes in flow

2.3.1 Industrial electrochemical processes in flow

2.3.2 Electroconversion of small molecules

2.3.3 Electrosynthesis with high value addition

2.3.4 Electrochemical synthesis of drug metabolites

2.3.5 Paired and consecutive electrolysis

2.4 Strategies for screening and optimization

2.5 Options for industrialization and scale-up

D. V. Ravi Kumar, Suneha Patil, Amol A. Kulkarni 3 Continuous flow methods for synthesis of functional materials

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Flow synthesis of materials and difference from the typical flow synthesis of organic compounds

3.1.2 Material synthesis approach in flow

3.2 Protocols for flow synthesis of materials and various examples

3.2.1 Flow synthesis of metal, metal oxides, and silica particles

3.2.2 Nanohybrids

3.2.3 Two-dimensional materials

3.2.4 Catalysts

3.2.5 Porous materials

3.2.6 Mesoporous materials

3.2.7 Quantum dots

3.3 High-throughput continuous flow synthesis of materials

3.4 Challenges and future directions

3.4.1 Challenges associated with separation and purification of the materials (and recent developments in this direction)

3.4.2 Immobilization of materials

3.4.3 Process control

3.4.4 Cleaning of systems

3.5 Summary and recommendations

Tanja Junkers 4 Polymer synthesis in continuous flow

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Anionic polymerization

4.3 Homogeneous radical polymerization

4.3.1 Atom transfer radical polymerization

4.3.2 Nitroxide-mediated polymerization

4.3.3 RAFT polymerization

4.4 Ring-opening (metathesis) polymerization

4.5 Photopolymerization

4.6 Polymer modification in continuous flow

4.7 Online monitoring of continuous flow polymerizations

4.8 Machine learning in polymer flow synthesis

4.9 Conclusion and outlook

Genovéva Filipcsei, Zsolt Ötvös, Réka Angi, Balázs Buchholcz, Ádám Bódis, Ferenc Darvas 5 Flow chemistry for nanotechnology

5.1 Introduction to nanotechnology

5.2 Nanomaterials

5.2.1 Size, structure, and size-dependent properties

5.2.2 Introduction to the diverse world of nanomaterials

5.3 Principles of nanoparticle synthesis

5.4 Flow chemistry–based nanoparticle synthesis in practice and their application

5.4.1 Synthesis and application of organic nanoparticles

5.4.2 Synthesis and application of inorganic nanoparticles

5.4.3 Synthesis of composite nanoparticles

Francesco Ferlin, Nam Nghiep Tran, Aikaterini Anastasopoulou, Marc Escribà Gelonch, Daniela Lanari, Federica Valentini, Volker Hessel, Luigi Vaccaro 6 From green chemistry principles to sustainable flow chemistry

Objective of this chapter

6.1 Quantitative sustainability assessment and outlook to flow chemistry

6.1.1 Green metrics for use in flow chemistry

6.1.2 Green chemistry metrics

6.2 Flow chemistry and green metrics

6.2.1 Application of green metrics to flow chemistry

6.2.2 Biomass-derived and/or waste-derived alternatives to classic solvents

6.2.3 Biomass-derived solvent production in flow

6.2.4 Flow protocols combining biomass-derived solvents and heterogeneous catalysis

6.2.5 Waste minimization

6.2.6 Flow-assisted sustainable synthesis of drugs and intermediates

6.2.7 Critical evaluation to assess the greenness of synthetic procedures

Antonio M. Rodríguez, Iván Torres-Moya, Angel Díaz-Ortiz, Antonio de la Hoz, Jesús Alcázar 7 Flow chemistry in fine chemical production

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Advantages of flow technology in chemical production

7.2.1 Cleaner chemistry

7.2.2 Enhanced synthesis

7.2.3 New reactivity patterns

7.2.4 Improved safety

7.3 Flow chemistry in drug discovery

7.3.1 Heterogeneous organometallic catalysis

7.3.2 Homogeneous organometallic catalysis

7.3.3 Multistep and telescoped flow synthesis

7.3.4 Library synthesis

7.3.5 Other technologies applicable to drug discovery

7.4 Flow chemistry in fragrance and agrochemical production

7.4.1 Fragrance production

7.4.2 Agrochemical production

7.5 Conclusions and outlook

Kai Wang, Jian Deng, Chencan Du, Guangsheng Luo 8 Scale-up of flow chemistry system

8.1 Introduction of scale-up

8.1.1 Scale-up of chemical equipment

8.1.2 Principle of scale-up of flow chemistry system

8.2 Scale-up of mixing equipment

8.2.1 Numbering-up of mixing units

8.2.2 Similarity-up of T-junction mixing unit

8.2.3 Fluid distributors in enlarged mixers

8.2.4 Package and connection of mixer

8.3 Scale-up of reaction tubes and channels

8.3.1 Numbering-up of reaction tubes for exothermic reactions

8.3.2 Numbering up of photochemical and electrochemical flow reactors

8.3.3 Fluid distributors of reaction tubes and channels

8.4 Coupling of microequipment and conventional equipment

8.4.1 Integration of micromixer with tubular reactor

8.4.2 Integration of micromixer with packed bed reactor

8.4.3 Integration of micromixer with stirred tank reactor

8.5 Examples of flow chemistry systems in industry or pilot plant

8.5.1 Butyl rubber bromination microreaction system

8.5.2 Nano-calcium carbonate powder preparation reactor

8.5.3 Cyclohexanone-oxime Beckman rearrangement reactor

8.5.4 Bromo-3-methylanisole synthesis reaction system

8.5.5 Food-grade phosphoric acid purification equipment

8.6 Summary

Sara Miralles-Comins, Elena Alvarez, Pedro Lozano, Victor Sans 9 Exothermic advanced manufacturing techniques in reactor engineering: 3D printing applications in flow chemistry

9.1 Introduction to 3D printing applied to flow chemistry

9.2 Classification of 3DP techniques

9.2.1 Vat photopolymerization

9.2.2 Powder-based technologies

9.2.3 Extrusion technologies

9.2.4 Jetting technologies

9.2.5 Other AM technologies

9.3 Applications of 3D printing in flow chemistry

9.4 Future directions: digitalization of reactor design and manufacturing

9.5 Conclusions

Francesca Paradisi, László Poppe 10 Continuous-flow biocatalysis with enzymes and cells

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Considerations for the design of CF biocatalysis procedures

10.2.1 Choice of biocatalysts

10.2.2 Key design criteria

10.3 Practical guide to CF biocatalysis

10.3.1 Production of enzymes and cofactors

10.3.2 In situ immobilization

10.3.3 Optimization of reaction under flow conditions

10.3.4 Downstream processing and recycling

10.4 Examples of CF biosynthetic syntheses

10.4.1 Large-scale biocatalysis in CF

10.4.2 Examples of continuous-flow biotransformations

10.4.3 More illustrative examples

10.5 Challenges and future opportunities

10.5.1 Upscaling and integration

10.5.2 On-demand fabrication of bioreactors

10.5.3 Machine learning in continuous monitoring and control

Steven V. Ley, Oliver S. May, Oliver M. Griffiths, Karin Sowa 11 Outlook, future directions, and emerging applications

11.1 Introduction: past, present, and future

11.2 General considerations

11.2.1 Planning to succeed

11.2.2 The right chemistry

11.2.3 Sustainability: cleaner and greener

11.2.4 Safety: protecting the user

11.2.5 Data, data, data

11.3 Current progress

11.3.1 Upstream

11.3.2 Downstream

11.3.3 Feedback and control

11.3.4 Self-optimization

11.4 The future

11.4.1 Integrating batch and flow: A hybridized approach

11.4.2 Mimicking nature: the role of biotransformations

11.4.3 Seeing the future: machine vision

11.4.4 Machine learning

11.4.5 AI: Artificial intelligence

11.4.6 Data collection and storage

11.4.7 Printing the future: 3D printing

11.4.8 High-throughput synthesis: faster is better

11.4.9 Education: teaching the next generation

11.5 Final thoughts

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Tags: Ferenc Darvas, György Dormán, Volker Hessel, Steven V Ley, Flow Chemistry