Introduction to Health Care 5th Edition by Lee Haroun, Dakota Mitchell ISBN 9780357123072 0357123077

Unit 1. Health Care Today

Chapter 1. Your Career in Health Care

Your Future in Health Care

Getting off to a Good Start

Essential Core Qualities of Health Care Professionals

Learning for Mastery

Volunteering

Professional Organizations

Returning Adult Students

Learning to Think Like a Health Care Professional

Problem-Solving Process

Thinking It Through

Making a Career Decision

Educational Requirements

Standards for Health Care Professionals

Occupational Profiles

Therapeutic and Treatment Occupations

Diagnostic Occupations

Sources of Additional Information

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 2. Health Care Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

The History of Western Health Care

Trends and Issues in Health Care Today

Specialization

Aging Population

Cost of Health Care

Thinking It Through

Variety of Approaches to Health Care

Wellness

Holistic Medicine

Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine

The Future of Health Care

Challenges in Health Care Today

Providing Affordable Health Care

Providing Long-Term Care

Improving Social Conditions

Eliminating Racism in Health Care

Maintaining the Quality of Care

Treating Alzheimer’s and Other Forms of Dementia

Addressing Public Health Concerns

Encouraging Medication Adherence

Managing the Opioid Crisis

Preventing Antibiotic Resistance

Preventing Suicides

Dealing with TV Prescription Drug Ads

Thinking It Through

Health Care Facilities and Services

Hospitals

Ambulatory Services

Long-Term Care Facilities

Home Health Care Providers

Hospice

Consolidation of Health Care Services

New Types of Health Care Facilities

Government Health Services

State Health Departments

Local Health Departments

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 3. Ethical and Legal Responsibilities

The Purpose of Ethics

Ethics and the Law

Ethics and Health Care

Professional Codes of Ethics

Personal Values

Professional Values

Guiding Principles of Health Care Ethics

Preserve Life

Do Good

Respect Autonomy

Uphold Justice

Be Honest

Be Discreet

Keep Promises

Do No Harm

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Patient Rights

Thinking It Through

Handling Ethical Dilemmas

Who Decides?

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 2. The Language of Health Care

Chapter 4. Medical Terminology

Importance of Medical Terminology

The Building Blocks of Medical Language

Word Roots and Combining Forms

Suffixes

Prefixes

Deciphering Medical Terms

Example # 1 cardiology

Example # 2 polyarthritis

Example # 3 echocardiogram

Eponyms

Words with Special Meanings in Medicine

Names of Drugs

Spelling and Pronunciation

Medical Abbreviations and Symbols

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Medical Dictionary

Mastering Medical Terminology

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 5. Medical Math

Importance of Math in Health Care

Math Anxiety

Basic Calculations

Whole Numbers

Decimals

Fractions

Percentages

Ratios

Converting Decimals, Fractions, Percentages, and Ratios

Rounding Numbers

Solving Problems with Proportions

Thinking It Through

Estimating

Statistics

Military Time

Roman Numerals

Angles

Systems of Measurement

Household System

Metric System

Apothecary System

Converting Systems of Measurement

Thinking It Through

Medication Safety

Temperature Conversion

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 3. The Human Body

Chapter 6. Organization of the Human Body

The Basis of Life

Cells

Tissues

Describing the Body

Body Planes

Directional Terms

The Body Cavities

Abdominal Descriptions

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 7. Structure and Function of the Human Body

The Importance of Anatomy and Physiology

Genetics

The Systems of the Body

Systems for Movement and Protection

Skeletal

Muscular

Integumentary

Thinking It Through

Systems for Providing Energy and Removing Waste

Circulatory

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Systems for Sensing, Coordinating, and Controlling

Eyes and Ears

Nervous

Endocrine

Systems for Producing New Life

Female Reproductive

Male Reproductive

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 8. Growth and Development

Knowing Your Patient

Life Stages

Prenatal

Infancy

Toddler

Preschooler

School-Age Child

Adolescence

Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood

Later Adulthood

Thinking It Through

Care Considerations

Other Developmental Theories

Jean Piaget

Lawrence Kohlberg

Carol Gilligan

Future Trends

Death and Dying

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 4. Personal and Workplace Safety

Chapter 9. Body Mechanics

The Importance of Prevention

Repetitive Motion Injuries

Computer Use and Repetitive Motion Injuries

Preventing Repetitive Motion Injuries

Visual Problems

Exertion Injuries

Preventing Exertion Injuries

Treatment of Musculoskeletal and Nerve Injuries

Thinking It Through

Back Belts

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 10. Infection Control

Importance of Infection Control in Health Care

Scope of the Problem

Regulatory Agencies

Microorganisms

Types of Microbes

Defense Mechanisms

How Infections Spread

Preventing Infection

10-5a. Breaking the Chain of Infection

10-5b. Handwashing

Procedure 10-1. Handwashing

10-5c. Personal Protective Equipment

Procedure 10-2. Nonsterile Gloves (Applying Clean Gloves and Removing Contaminated Gloves)

Procedure 10-3. Applying and Removing PPE

10-5d. Patient-Care Equipment

10-5e. Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilization

10-5f. Surgical Asepsis

Procedure 10-4. Applying Sterile Gloves

10-5g. Standard Precautions

10-5h. Environmental Control

10-5i. Blood-Borne Pathogens

10-5j. Transmission Precautions

10-5k. Disposal of Hazardous Waste

10-5l. Neutropenic Precautions

The Challenges

Influenza

Workplace Risks

Other Infectious Diseases

Drug-Resistant Organisms

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Reporting Accidental Exposure

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 11. Environmental Safety

Importance of Environmental Safety in Health Care

General Safety Guidelines

Moving Safely

Dressing for Safety

Working Safely with Patients

Protecting Yourself and Others

Reporting for Safety

Workplace Violence

Thinking It Through

Fire and Electrical Hazards

Chemical Hazards

Radiation Hazards

Infectious Waste

Oxygen Hazards

Bioterrorism

Emergency Code System

Emergency Preparedness Plan

Triage

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 5. Behaviors for Success

Chapter 12. Lifestyle Management

Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle

Habits and Health

Diet and Nutrition

Nutrients

Calories

Carbohydrates

Sugars

Fats

Salt (Sodium)

Processed Foods

Organic Foods

Healthy Eating

Maintaining a Healthy Weight

Body Mass Index

Weight-Loss Diets

Eating Disorders

Physical Activity

Sleep

Preventive Measures

Stress in Modern Life

External and Internal Stressors

Dealing with Stress

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Minimizing Health Risks

Smoking

Substance Abuse

Occupational Hazards

Safe Sex

Burnout

Thinking It Through

Helping Patients Develop Healthy Lifestyles

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 13. Professionalism

The Meaning of Professionalism

Professional Attitude

Professional Behaviors

Technical Skills

Professional Appearance

Professional Distance

Handling Difficult Situations Professionally

Professional Acceptance of Criticism

Professionalism Outside the Workplace

Professional Leadership

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 14. Professional Development and Lifelong Learning

Professional Development

Professional Organizations

Importance of Lifelong Learning

Keeping Up with Changes in Health Care

Continuing Education Units

Ways to Earn CEUs

Thinking It Through

Self-Directed Learning

Learn from Role Models and Mentors

Career Ladders

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 6. Communication in the Health Care Setting

Chapter 15. The Patient as an Individual

Patients as Individuals

Philosophy of Individual Worth

Understanding Patients

The Meaning of Culture

Dominant Culture

Individuals and Culture

Cultural Differences

Thinking It Through

Health Care Beliefs

Religious Beliefs and Health

Harmony and Health

Herbs and Plant Medicines

Thinking It Through

Human Needs

Implications for Health Care Professionals

Defense Mechanisms

Dealing with Loss

Treating Patients as Individuals

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 16. The Communication Process

Importance of Communication in Health Care

Communication with Patients

The Communication Process

The Six Steps of the Communication Process

Thinking It Through

Communication through the Life Span

Overcoming Communication Barriers

Patients Who Are Terminally Ill

Patients Who Are in Pain, Medicated, Confused, or Disoriented

Patients with Dementia

Patients Who Are Depressed

Patients Who Are Anxious

Patients Who Have Hearing Impairments

Patients Who Have Visual Impairments

Patients Who Have Speech Impairments

Patients Who Are Angry

Patients Who Do Not Speak English

Thinking It Through

Special Applications of Communication Skills

Telephone Communication

Patient Education

Presentations to Groups

Gossip and Patient Privacy

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 17. Written Communication

Written Communication: A Vital Link in Health Care

The Components of Good Writing

Organizing Content

Preparing to Write

Starting to Write

Spell Your Way to Success

Spelling Tips

Grammar at a Glance

Capitalization Rules

Punctuation Rules

Writing Numbers Correctly

Writing Titles Correctly

Thinking It Through

Business Letters

Using Form Letters

Writing Effective Letters

Business Letter Formats

Preparing Letters for Mailing

Thinking It Through

Memos

Meeting Agendas

Minutes of Meetings

Thinking It Through

Patient Education Materials

Confidentiality of Written Materials

Proofreading Written Work

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 18. Computers and Technology in Health Care

Computers In Health Care

Information Management

Creation of Documents

Spreadsheets

Diagnostics

Medical Lab Testing

Patient Monitoring

Research

Education

Communication

Virtual Communities

Telemedicine

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Using Computers Effectively

Computer Security

Maintaining the Human Touch

Thinking It Through

Learning More about Computers

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 19. Documentation and Medical Records

Medical Documentation and Recordkeeping

Purposes of Medical Documentation

Characteristics of Good Medical Documentation

Making Corrections on Medical Documentation

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Contents of the Medical Record

Progress Notes

Thinking It Through

Electronic Health Recordkeeping

Example of a Computerized System

Advantages of Computerized Systems

Challenges of Computerized Systems

Providers’ Concerns

Personal Health Record

Safeguarding Health Records

HIPAA

Cybersecurity

Sending Protected Information

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 7. Health Care Skills

Chapter 20. Physical Assessment

General Assessment

Noting Variances from Normal

General Survey

Psychosocial Observations

Physical Observations

Pain Evaluation

ADL Evaluation

Vital Signs

Temperature

Procedure 20-1. How to Take a Temperature

Pulse

Procedure 20-2. How to Take a Radial Pulse

Procedure 20-3. How to Take an Apical Pulse Using a Stethoscope

Respirations

Procedure 20-4. How to Count Respirations

Blood Pressure

Procedure 20-5. How to Take a Manual Blood Pressure

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Height and Weight

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 21. Emergency Procedures

Emergency Situations

When an Emergency Occurs

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

First Aid Procedures

21-3a. Allergic Reactions

Procedure 21-1. First Aid for Allergic Reactions

21-3b. Bleeding and Wounds

Procedure 21-2. First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds

21-3c. Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries

Procedure 21-3. First Aid for Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injuries

21-3d. Injuries to Facial Structures

Procedure 21-4. First Aid for Facial Injuries

21-3e. Burns

Procedure 21-5. First Aid for Burns

21-3f. Drug Abuse

Procedure 21-6. First Aid for Drug-Related Problems

21-3g. Poisoning

Procedure 21-7. First Aid for Poisonings

21-3h. Temperature-Related Illness

Procedure 21-8. First Aid for Temperature-Related Illnesses

21-3i. Other Conditions

Procedure 21-9. First Aid for Other Common Conditions

21-3j. Bandaging

Procedure 21-10. Applying a Triangular Sling

Procedure 21-11. Applying a Spiral Wrap

Procedure 21-12. Applying a Figure-Eight Wrap

Procedure 21-13. Applying a Bandage to a Finger

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 8. Business of Caring

Chapter 22. Paying for Health Care

The Rising Costs of Health Care

Impact of Costs on Individuals

Health Care Institutions

History of Health Care Reimbursement

Health Care Payment Methods

Government Programs

Veterans Health Care

Medicare and Medicaid Reimbursement

Managed Care

Types of Managed Care Plans

Prepaid Plans

Negotiated Fees

Primary Care Providers

Review of Services

Thinking It Through

Providing Affordable Health Care

Controlling Organizational Costs

Health Care Professionals’ Impact on Costs

Personal Efficiency

Acting with Thought

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 23. Quality Control and Customer Service

Quality of Care

Approaches to Measuring Quality of Care

Quality Improvement

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

The Joint Commission

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

American Hospital Association

Internal Monitoring

Reducing Medical Errors

Medication Errors

Customer Service

Taking Responsibility for Quality

Customer Satisfaction

Internal Customers

Thinking It Through

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Unit 9. Securing and Maintaining Employment

Chapter 24. Job Leads and the Resume

Overview of the Job Search

What Do You Have to Offer?

What Are Your Expectations?

Organizing Your Time

Organizing Your Space and Supplies

Projecting a Professional Image

Finding Job Leads

School Career Service

Community Career Centers

Networking

Internet

Clinical Experience

Cold Calls and Visits

Job Fairs

Thinking It Through

The Resume

Resume Contents

Formatting the Resume

Important Resume Guidelines

Recent Resume Trends

Thinking It Through

Cover Letters

Writing Good Cover Letters

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 25. Interview, Portfolio, and Application

The Job Interview

The Importance of Proper Preparation

Learn About the Employer

Prepare to Demonstrate Your Qualifications

Prepare Your Questions

Questions to Avoid

Anticipating an Employer’s Questions

Creating a Professional Appearance

Securing References

Creating a Portfolio

What to Take to an Interview

Practice, Practice, Practice

Starting Off on the Right Foot

Recent Trends in Interviews

After the Interview

Additional Requirements

Thinking It Through

Accepting the Job

Thinking It Through

Declining the Job

Dealing with Rejection

Filling Out Applications

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Chapter 26. Successful Employment Strategies

Getting off to a Good Start

Learning about the Job

Policies and Procedures

Probationary Period

Guidelines for Workplace Success

Act with Integrity

Demonstrate Loyalty

Follow the Chain of Command

Give a Full Day’s Work

Become Part of the Team

Go Beyond the Minimum

Thinking It Through

Employment Laws

Grievances

Sexual Harassment

Tracking Your Progress

Moving Up

Moving On

If You Are Fired

Thinking It Through

Suggested Learning Activities

Web Activities

Review Questions

Application Exercises

Problem-Solving Practice

Appendix 1. Health Care Professional Organizations

Appendix 2. Useful Spanish Expressions for Health Care Professionals

References