Migration as Economic Imperialism 1st Edition by Immanuel Ness ISBN 9781509553983 1509553983

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ISBN 10: 1509553983
ISBN 13: 9781509553983
Author: Immanuel Ness

For several decades, wealthy states, international development agencies and multinational corporations have encouraged labour migration from the Global South to the Global North. As well as providing essential workers to support the transformation of advanced economies, the remittances that migrants send home have been touted as the most promising means of national development for poor and undeveloped countries.

As Immanuel Ness argues in this sharp corrective to conventional wisdom, temporary labour migration represents the most recent form of economic imperialism and global domination. A closer look at the economic and social evidence demonstrates that remittances deepen economic exploitation, unravel societal stability and significantly expand economic inequality between poor and rich societies. The book exposes the damaging political, economic and social effects of migration on origin countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and how border and security mechanisms control and marginalize low-wage migrant workers, especially women and youth. Ness asserts that remittances do not bring growth to poor countries but extend national dependence on the export of migrant workers, leading to warped and unequal development on the global periphery.

This expert take will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of migration and development across the social sciences.

Migration as Economic Imperialism 1st Edition Table of contents:

1 Neoliberal Capitalism, Imperialism and Labour Migration

The Third World, formal independence and economic imperialism

Unequal exchange and global migration

Systemic global inequality

Redistribution of global income and wealth

Foreign capital investment in the Global South

Official development assistance

Foreign direct investment Special Economic Zones

Migration, remittances and development

Covid-19 pandemic and economic development

FDI and Covid-19

Conclusion

2 Underdevelopment and Labour Migration as Economic Imperialism

Countering socialism through economic development, 1945–1980

Imperialism and the development myth

Failure of free-market economic development models in the Global South and the rise of neoliberalism

Remittances as a source of investment and national development

United Nations Development Programme and economic remittances

Labour mobility and development

Focus on low-wage migrant workers

Peripheral labour in strategic production centres

The non-transmittal of remittances

Migration as individual freedom and national catastrophe

Benefits to destination countries

Remittances as economic imperialism

3 Labour Migration and Origin Countries

Why do origin states develop a labour-migration system?

Labour demand and remittances

Recruitment agency power over migrant workers

Exploitation by labour-migration intermediaries

Recruitment agencies and brokers

Labour migration and the exploitation of countries of origin

Nepal: forging a labour export state

How are migration recruitment regimes formed?

Remittances and the failure of economic development in Nepal

Vietnam: labour migration, poverty and social dislocation

Recruitment and identification of migrants

Vietnam: women and migration

El Salvador: structural remittances and social dislocation

Salvadoran migrant passage to the United States

Moldova: foreign labour, remittances and depopulation

Moldova: migration and remittances

Migration and economic crisis

Migration, remittances and social breakdown

Conclusions

4 Labour Migration and Destination States

Destination countries and critique of migration as development

Criminalization of migrant workers: irregular and undocumented migration

Fortress America and Fortress Europe

Temporary migration and unequal exchange

South–south temporary labour migration

Malaysia and temporary migrant labourers

Malawian migration to South Africa: poverty and exclusion

Covid-19 and worker exploitation and discrimination in destination states

Conclusion: opposing exploitation and empowering migrant workers

5 The Damage of Borders

Borders, inequality and migration

The utopian and neoliberal illusion of open borders

Migration and precarious labour

Expanded border control and labour exploitation

At-risk migrant workers in destination states

Border control and multinational corporations’ profits

Legal and undocumented programmes: popular movements and government strategies

Global compact on migration and multilateral international organizations

Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

Covid-19 pandemic and socio-economic chaos

Covid-19 and migrant worker documentation

Migrant worker resistance to exploitation

Internal labour migration

International labour initiatives and solidarity with migrant workers

The limitations of trade-union support for migrant workers

Conclusion: Dismantling the Migration–Development Nexus

The costs of the global labour migration regime

The imaginary benefits of temporary labour migration

Labour migration: capitalist road to development or economic degeneration?

Remittances and the emergence of the rent economy

Women and migration: social reproduction, exploitation and isolation

Organic composition of capital and social reproduction of labour

Migration and global supply chains

Development or exploitation? Towards a new societal model for the Global South

Rise in low-income migrant migration, global production and inequality

Rise in labour migration, populism, xenophobia and restrictive borders

Enforcing workers’ rights and the future of labour migration

How will labour migration evolve in the coming decades?

Where does the growth of international, temporary migrant labour point in the future?

Exploitation of low-wage migrant workers in destination states

What is the alternative to remittances for economic development?

References

Index

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Tags: Immanuel Ness, Migration, Economic Imperialism