Nontraditional Activation Methods in Green and Sustainable Applications 1st Edition Bela Torok, Christian Schafer ISBN 9780128190098 0128190094

Chapter One: Application of nontraditional activation methods in green and sustainable chemistry: Microwaves, ultrasounds, electro-, photo-, and mechanochemistry, and high hydrostatic pressure

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: Microwave-assisted organic synthesis

3: Ultrasonic activation

4: Photochemical activation

5: Electrochemical activation

6: Activation by mechanochemistry

7: Activation by high hydrostatic pressure

8: Conclusions

Chapter Two: Activation of chemical reactions on solid catalysts under microwave irradiation

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1: Introduction: What are the issues in applying microwave irradiation to promoting and controlling heterogeneous catalysis?

2: Temperature measurements

3: New trends: Temperature measurements combined with theoretical simulation

4: New trends: Operando observation

5: Structural design of the solid catalyst to control the temperature distribution

6: Precise control of electromagnetic field achieved by solid-state generator of microwaves

7: Toward applications in industries

8: New horizon in special effects: Acceleration of electron transfer on solid surfaces

9: Summary

Chapter Three: Recent advances in multicomponent microwave-assisted Ugi reactions

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: The Ugi-four component reaction (U-4CR)

3: Synthesis of the Boronate derivatives

4: Sequential Ugi reactions: Four- or three-component coupling reaction

5: Conclusions

Chapter Four: Microwave-assisted flow systems in the green production of fine chemicals

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: Microwave reactors

3: Applications of microwave-assisted flow systems

4: Conclusions

Chapter Five: Application of sonochemical activation in synthetic organic chemistry

Abstract

1: Introductory remarks

2: Sonochemistry

3: Using ultrasonic irradiation in synthetic organic chemistry

4: Conclusions and outlook

Chapter Six: The catalytic production of biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol) using sonochemical, microwave, and mechanical methods

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1: Introduction

2: Biodiesel production using nontraditional methods of activation

3: Can there be alternative to microwave and sonochemical activation for biodiesel production?

4: Bioethanol production using nontraditional methods of activation

5: Conclusion

Chapter Seven: A new color in green chemistry: Photochromic molecular switches as components of multifunctional catalytic systems

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1: Introduction

2: Photochromic scaffolds used in catalytic applications

3: Homogeneous catalysis

4: Biphasic, heterogeneous, and supported catalysis

5: Conclusions and outlook

Chapter Eight: Photochemical rearrangements in organic synthesis and the concept of the photon as a traceless reagent

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: Photochemical position isomerization of heterocycles

3: Photochemical rearrangements induced by electron and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)

4: Photochemical electrocyclic reactions

5: Photochemical cyclizations

6: Conclusion

Chapter Nine: Electrochemical activation in organic synthesis applications

Abstract

1: Electrifying organic synthesis

2: Electrochemical hardware

3: Electrochemical activation in organic synthesis

4: Conclusions

Chapter Ten: Electrochemical anodic oxidative fluorination and trifluoroalkylation of organic compounds

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: Electrochemical fluorination using NF type reagents

3: Electrochemical trifluoromethylation

4: Conclusions and future outlook

Chapter Eleven: Monitoring mechanochemical processes in situ and in real time

Abstract

1: Mechanochemistry: The ex situ paradigm

2: Time-resolved in situ monitoring by powder X-ray diffraction

3: Time-resolved in situ monitoring by vibrational spectroscopy

4: Combining in situ time-resolved strategies: The tandem approach and beyond

5: Summary

Chapter Twelve: From solution-based nonconventional activation methods to mechanochemical procedures: The hydantoin case

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1: Introduction

2: Enabling Technologies at the service of hydantoin scaffold

3: Miscellaneous methods

4: Conclusions

Chapter Thirteen: Application of mechanochemical activation in synthetic organic chemistry

Abstract

1: Introductory remarks

2: Basics of mechanochemistry

3: Conclusion and outlook

Chapter Fourteen: Sonomechanochemistry

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: Mechanochemistry in context

3: The force of sound

4: Mechanophore activation by sonication

5: Molecular assembly and disassembly

6: Sonocrystallization

7: Outlook

Chapter Fifteen: Diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis by nontraditional activation methods: Ultrasonic, microwave, electro-, photo- and mechanochemically activated reactions

Abstract

1: Introduction

2: Asymmetric reactions in Sonochemistry

3: Microwave-assisted catalytic asymmetric synthesis

4: Asymmetric reactions by electrochemical activation

5: Asymmetric synthesis by photochemical activation

6: Mechanochemical activation: Ball milling in asymmetric synthesis

7: Conclusion

Chapter Sixteen: High hydrostatic pressure in food industry applications

Abstract

Acknowledgments

1: Introduction

2: Difference between HHP and heat

3: Research and development for HHP food processing

4: Effect of HHP on food

5: HHP food processing equipment

6: Cost of HHP food processing46

7: Concluding remarks

Index