Presidential Leadership Politics and Policy Making 12th Edition by George Edwards Kenneth Mayer Stephen Wayne ISBN 1538136104 ‎ 978-1538136102

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ISBN 10: 1538136104 ‎ 
ISBN 13: ‎ 978-1538136102
Author: George Edwards, Kenneth Mayer, Stephen Wayne

Long established as a leading introduction to the American presidency, Presidential Leadership, twelfth edition provides students with a comprehensive survey that addresses the capacity of chief executives to fulfill their tasks, exercise their powers, and utilize their organizational structures to affect the output of government. The authors examine all aspects of the presidency in rich detail, including the president’s powers, presidential history, and the institution of the presidency.

The new edition has been substantially updated to integrate the Trump presidency, including both impeachments, and the first year of the Biden presidency. Other examples of the latest coverage include

• The 2020 elections, including the contested aftermath of the presidential election and the January 6 riot
• Changes to the presidential nomination process
• The most recent Supreme Court nominations
• The executive’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic
• New developments in presidential public relatio

Presidential Leadership Politics and Policy Making 12th Table of contents:

1 Introduction

Exploring Presidential Leadership

The Director Model

The Facilitator Model

Models in Perspective

Approaches to Studying the Presidency

Legal

Institutional

Political Power

Psychological

Summary

Our Approach

A Preview

Selected Readings

2 The Powers of the Presidency

The Constitutional Design

The Constitutional Convention

Interpreting Article II

Box 2.1 ⋆ Can the President Refuse to Execute Unconstitutional Laws?

The Importance of Precedent: Early Controversies and Contemporary Applications

The Presidential Title

The Removal Power

The Neutrality Proclamation

The Louisiana Purchase

The Veto

The Prerogative Power

Executive Privilege

Accounting for the Growth in Presidential Power

Increase in the Size of Government

Presidential Theories

Jurisprudential Doctrines

Institutional Capacity

Unilateral Action

The Ultimate Check: Impeachment and Removal

Box 2.2 ⋆ Donald Trump Impeached Twice: Can a President Be Tried after Leaving Office?

War Powers

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Activities | Selected Readings

3 The Nomination Process

The Evolution of the Nominating System

The Nomination System Today

Primaries and Caucuses

Box 3.1 ⋆ Will the Iowa Caucuses Survive?

Allocating Delegates

The Caucus and Primary Calendar

Superdelegates

The Electoral Arena

Campaign Finance

Polling, Positioning, and Tracking Delegates

News Coverage

Primary Debates

Campaign Advertising

Digital Communications

Organization

Strategies and Tactics

Front-Runners

Non-Front-Runners

Box 3.2 ⋆ Biden’s 2020 Path to the Nomination

Pulpit Candidates

The Conventions

The Influence of the Nomination on the General Election and on Governance

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

4 The Presidential Election

The Electoral College

The Origins of the Electoral College

How the Electoral College Works

Violating Political Equality

Electing the Loser of the Popular Vote

Defending State Interests or Distorting the Campaign?

Preserving Federalism?

Protecting Non-State-Based Minority Interests

Consequences of Direct Election

The General Election Campaign

Organization and Operations

Financial Resources

Communications

Presidential Debates

News Coverage

Polling and Forecasting

Impact of the Campaign

Voting

Voter Turnout

Partisanship

Candidate Images

Issue Preferences

The 2020 Election

Preliminaries: The 2016 Election and Trump’s First Term

The 2020 Election

Box 4.1 ⋆ The 2020 Election Was Not “Stolen”

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

5 The President and the Public

Understanding Public Opinion

Americans’ Opinions

Public Opinion Polls

Presidential Election Results

Mail from the Public

Acting Contrary to Public Opinion

Public Expectations of the President

High Expectations

Contradictory Expectations

Public Approval of the President

Levels of Approval

Party Identification

Positivity Bias

Box 5.1 ⋆ Donald Trump and Public Disapproval

The Persistence of Approval

Long-Term Decline

Personality or Policy?

Personal Characteristics

Issues

Box 5.2 ⋆ The Public’s View of Joe Biden’s Personal Characteristics

Rally Events

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

6 Leading the Public

Direct Opinion Leadership

Presentation Skills

Public’s Predispositions

Misperceptions

Source Credibility

Public Attentiveness and Understanding

Focusing Attention

Increasing the Salience of Popular Issues

Framing Issues

Presidential Framing

Limits to Framing

Public Relations

Spreading the Word

The Digital White House

Box 6.1 ⋆ Donald Trump as America’s First Tweeter

Information Control

Box 6.2 ⋆ Donald Trump’s Uneasy Relationship with the Truth

Success of Opinion Leadership

Ronald Reagan

Bill Clinton

George W. Bush

Barack Obama

Donald Trump

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

7 The President and the Media

The Evolution of Media Coverage

Box 7.1 ⋆ Donald Trump as Media Adversary

Relations between the President and the Press

The White House Press Corps

The Presidential Press Operation

Services for the Press

Managing the News

Press Coverage of the President

Leaks

Superficiality

Bias

Negativity

Media Effects

Setting the Public’s Agenda

Media Framing and Priming

Public Knowledge and Attitudes

Limiting the President’s Options

Undermining the President

Limits on Media Effects

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

8 The Structure of the Presidency

The Development of a Presidential Institution

Early History

The First Presidential Assistants

Evolution of the Cabinet as an Advisory Body

From the Bureau of the Budget to the EOP

The Budget Power

The Bureau of the Budget

The New Deal and the Brownlow Committee

The Executive Office of the President

White House Office

Box 8.1 ⋆ A Cautionary Lesson: Donald Trump’s Chiefs of Staff

Office of Management and Budget

National Security Council

Homeland Security Council

Council of Economic Advisers

Other Specialized Offices

The Challenges of Centralization

Creating Coalitions

White House–Cabinet Tensions

Presidential Management

Transitioning to the Presidency

The Vice President and the President’s Spouse

The Vice President

Box 8.2 ⋆ Vice President Kamala Harris

The President’s Spouse

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

9 Presidential Decision Making

Previous Commitments

Time Constraints

Organization and Style of Decision Making

White House Organization

Box 9.1 ⋆ Donald Trump’s Fractious White House

The Form of Advice

Multiple Advocacy

Presidential Participation

Box 9.2 ⋆ Donald Trump as Decision Maker

Secrecy

Relationships with Advisers

Disagreeing with the President

Discouraging Advice

Groupthink

Staff Rivalries

Loss of Perspective

Role Conceptions

Maintaining Morale

Impact of the Decision-Making Process

Cognitive Processing

Identification of Problems

Options

Decisions amid Uncertainty

Defensive Avoidance

Reevaluating Premises

Personality

Bureaucratic Politics and Structure

Organizational Parochialism

Maintaining the Organization

Organizational and Personal Influence

Bureaucratic Structure

Standard Operating Procedures

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

10 The President and the Executive

Lack of Attention to Implementation

Communication of Presidential Decisions

Transmission

Clarity

Consistency

Resources

Money

Staff

Authority

Facilities and Equipment

Dispositions

White House Distrust

Bureaucratic Responsiveness to the President

Staffing the Bureaucracy

Box 10.1 ⋆ Joe Biden Builds a Cabinet That Looks Like America

Box 10.2 ⋆ Donald Trump’s Difficulties in Building an Administration

Civil Service

Limiting Discretion

The Bureaucratic Structure

Standard Operating Procedures

Fragmentation

Follow-Up

Secrecy

Thickening of Government

Failing to Report Problems

Failing to Use Information

Increasing Staff

Centralizing Decision Making

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

11 The President and Congress

Formal Legislative Powers

Sources of Conflicts between the Executive and the Legislature

Constituencies

Internal Structures

Information and Expertise

Time Perspectives

Agenda Setting

Party Leadership

Party Support of the President

Leading the Party

Maintaining and Increasing Party Numbers

Bipartisanship

Public Support

Public Approval

Mandates

Box 11.1 ⋆ Did Presidents Biden or Trump Win a Mandate?

Evaluating Strategic Position

Presidential Legislative Skills

Congressional Liaison

Making Personal Appeals

Bargaining

Providing Services and Amenities

Pressuring

Box 11.2 ⋆ Trump Pressures Members of Congress

Consulting

Setting Priorities

Moving Quickly

Structuring Choice

The Context of Influence

The Impact of Legislative Skills

The Veto

Signing Statements

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

12 The President and the Judiciary

Judicial Selection

Selection of Lower Court Judges

Backgrounds of Lower Court Judges

Selection of Supreme Court Justices

Characteristics of Justices

President–Supreme Court Relations

Molding the Court

Arguments in the Courts

Enforcing Court Decisions

Commenting on Decisions

Other Relationships

Complying with the Supreme Court

Harry Truman

Richard Nixon

Bill Clinton

George W. Bush

Thomas Jefferson

Abraham Lincoln

Deference to the President

National Security

Domestic Policy

Immunity

Box 12.1 ⋆ Donald Trump Struggles with the Courts

Overturning the Courts

Judicial Powers

Box 12.2 ⋆ Donald Trump’s Unusual Use of the Pardon Power

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

13 Domestic and Economic Policy Making

Presidential Action, Policy, and Governmental Failure: COVID-19

Failure to Recognize the Threat

Delayed and Ineffective Reaction

Summary

The Development of a Domestic Policy-Making Role

Domestic Policy Units within the White House Office and the Executive Office of the President

Growth of White House Policy Staffs

Policy Roles of the Office of Management and Budget

Making Economic Policy

Limits on Control

Long-Term Planning

Parochial Concerns

Economic Policies

Budgeting and Fiscal Policy

A Brief History

Box 13.1 ⋆ Biden Economic and Domestic Policies

Issues in Budgeting

Box 13.2 ⋆ The Politics of the Debt Ceiling

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

14 Foreign and Defense Policy

Box 14.1 ⋆ Confronting the Problem of North Korea

The Constitutional Design

Growth of Presidential Power

Box 14.2 ⋆ Is the President the “Sole Organ” in Foreign Affairs?

Diplomacy

Treaties

Executive Agreements

Other Forms of Agreement

Recognition of Nations

Other Diplomatic Actions

Commander in Chief and the Use of Force

War

War Powers Resolution

Two Presidencies?

Groups

The Media

The Public

Congress

The Organization of Foreign and Defense Policy

Conclusion

Discussion Questions | Web Exercises | Selected Readings

Appendix A: Methods for Studying the Presidency

Appendix B: Nonelectoral Succession, Removal, and Tenure

Appendix C: Provisions of the Constitution of the United States Relating to the Presidency

Appendix D: 2020 Presidential Election Results

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George Edwards,Kenneth Mayer,Stephen Wayne,Presidential Leadership,Policy Making