Research Methods The Basics 3rd Edition by Nicholas Walliman ISBN 0367694085 9780367694074

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ISBN 10: 0367694085
ISBN 13: 9780367694074
Author: Nicholas Walliman

Research Methods The Basics 3rd Edition Table of contents:

Part I Research theory and practice

1 Research basics

What you can do with research

Research designs

Historical

Descriptive

Correlation

Comparative

Experimental

Simulation

Evaluation

Action

Ethnological

Internet

Feminist

Cultural

Arts based

Heuristic

Deciding on your type of research

Taking pride in the importance and quality of your work

Where to find out more

2 Research theory

Metaphysics, ontology and epistemology

Arguments using inductive and deductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning – the empiricist’s approach

Deductive reasoning – the rationalist’s approach

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning or scientific method

Positivism, relativism, postmodernism and critical realism

Positivism

Relativism (also called interpretivism, idealism, constructivism or even constructionism)

Postmodernism

Critical realism

So much for theory, what about application?

Where to find out more

Useful websites

3 Structuring the research project

The research process

The research problem

Defining the research problem

Question or questions

Hypotheses

Propositions

The use of argument

Recognizing and testing arguments

Recognizing arguments

Testing deductive arguments

Constructing an argument

Where to find out more

Useful websites

4 Research ethics

Organizations and ethics committees

Honesty in your work

Intellectual ownership and plagiarism

Acknowledgement and citation

Responsibility and accountability of the researcher

Data and interpretations

Where do you stand?

Situations that raise ethical issues

Research aims

Use of language

Presentation

Dealing with participants

Internet research

Carrying out the research

Potential harm and gain

Recording data

Participant involvement

Sensitive material

Honesty, deception and covert methods

Storing and transmitting data

Checking data and drafts

Dissemination

Disposing of records

Getting ethics approval

Where to find out more

Useful websites

5 Finding and reviewing the literature

Loads of information!

Libraries

Information services

Museums and galleries – national and local

People

Intranets

The internet

Evaluating web sources

Note taking and organizing your notes

Note taking

Organizing your notes

Doing a literature review

Analysing the text

Presenting your analysis

Where to find out more

Useful websites

Part II The main research methods

6 The nature of data

Levels of abstraction

Theory

Concepts

Indicators

Variables

Values

Primary and secondary data

Primary data

Secondary data

Quantitative and qualitative data and levels of measurement

Quantitative data

Qualitative data

Measurement of data

Nominal level

Ordinal level

Interval level

Ratio level

Where to find out more

Useful websites

7 Collecting and analysing secondary datamodern, historical and archival

Types and sources of secondary data

Data sets online

Digital methods for research on the internet

Cultural texts

Libraries, museums and archives

Commercial and professional bodies

Suitability of data for your project

Authentication and credibility

Analysing secondary data

Content analysis

Coding schedule, coding manual and tabulation of results

Tabulation of results

Data and text mining

Meta-analysis

Historical method

Where to find out more

Useful websites

8 Collecting primary data

Sampling

Probability sampling

Non-probability sampling

Sampling internet sources

Data collection methods

Asking questions – questionnaires

Accounts and diaries

Conducting interviews

Observing without getting involved

Immersing yourself in a situation

Doing experiments

Internal and external validity

Laboratory and field experiments

Types of experiments

Manipulating models or simulations

Where to find out more

9 Quantitative data analysis

Creating a data set

Parametric and non-parametric statistics

Statistical tests (parametric)

Univariate analysis

Frequency distribution

Measure of central tendency

Measures of dispersion (or variability)

Bivariate analysis

Statistical significance

Analysis of variance

Multivariate analysis

Elaboration analysis

Multiple regression

Logistic regression

Statistical tests (non-parametric)

Quantitative analysis of text

Big data analysis

Where to find out more

Useful websites

10 Qualitative data analysis

Steps in analysing the data

Preliminary analysis during data collection

Typologies and taxonomies

Pattern coding

Interim summary

Analysis during and after data collection

Matrices (or tables)

Networks

Qualitative analysis of texts, documents, visual materials and discourse

Interrogative insertion

Problem–solution discourse

Membership categorization

Rhetorical analysis

Narrative analysis

Semiotics

Discourse analysis

Symbolic interaction

Where to find out more

Useful websites

11 Mixed methods and interdisciplinary research

Mixed methods

Why do mixed methods research?

Guidelines for method use

‘Mixing’ methods can be done in different ways

Data management and mixing

Interdisciplinary research

Where to find out more

Useful websites

12 Writing the proposal and planning the research project

Formulating a successful research proposal

The main ingredients and sequence

The title

Aims of the research

The context – background and previous research

The research problem

Outline of methods

Possible outcomes of the research

Timetable of the project and description of any resources required

List of references

Writing the proposal

Planning the project

Where to find out more

Useful websites

13 Writing up the research

Making the best use of your supervisor

Writing up a dissertation or research project

When to start writing up

Frame and fill

Research methods and data collection and analysis chapters

Coming to your main conclusions

Revisions

How to write an abstract

Maintaining your motivation

Quality of work

Where to find out more

Useful websites

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