Russia is skinheads Exploring and rethinking subcultural lives 1st Edition by Hilary Pilkington, Elena Omel Chenko, Al Bina Garifzianova 0415634563 9780415634564

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ISBN 10: 0415634563

ISBN 13: 9780415634564

Author: Hilary Pilkington; Al’bina Garifzianova; Elena Omel’chenko

Russia’s Skinheads: Exploring and Rethinking Subcultural Lives provides a thorough examination of the phenomenon of skinheads, explaining its nature and its significance, and assessing how far Russian skinhead subculture is the ‘lumpen’ end of the extreme nationalist ideological spectrum. There are large numbers of skinheads in Russia, responsible for a significant number of xenophobic attacks, including 97 deaths in 2008 alone, making this book relevant to Russian specialists as well as to sociologists of youth subculture. It provides a practical example of how to investigate youth subculture in depth over an extended period – in this case through empirical research following a specific group over six years – and goes on to argue that Russian skinhead subculture is not a direct import from the West, and that youth cultural practices should not be reduced to expressions of consumer choice. It presents an understanding of the Russian skinhead as a product of individuals’ whole, and evolving, lives, and thereby compels sociologists to rethink how they conceive the nature of subcultures.

Russia is skinheads Exploring and rethinking subcultural lives 1st Table of contents:

1 Introduction

What is skinhead?

The Russian scene

Understanding contemporary skinhead culture: revisiting theory

The structure of the book

Survival city: contextualising the research

Introducing the respondents

Ethical concerns

Part 1 Growing up in a harsh climate

2 The weight of the Vorkuta sky

Russia’s badlands: the silent pull of history

Extreme ‘place’: retelling the tale through the camera lens

The weight of the Vorkuta sky: crushing ‘possible lives’?

Should I stay or should I go? Imagination and survival

Conclusion

3 ‘At home I was a nobody’

Beyond skinhead: family, work, study

Absent fathers and unforgiven mothers

Learning to hate: everyday xenophobia4 and the family

Everyday life: work and play

From family lives to subcultural lives?

Solidarities: friends forever?

Individuals, authority figures and regimes of power

The conflict and its aftermath

The struggle for trust

‘It is a bit dodgy’: trust and the limits of openness

A regime of conspiracy

Friendship

Gender, friendship and trust: the limits of solidarity

The crisis of leadership: individual paths and other lives

Conclusion

4 ‘Upgrading’

Cultural strategies and subcultural resources

‘Upgrading’: cultural strategies and subcultural trajectories

Cultural interests: music

Cultural interests: sport and physical training

Cultural strategies: communicative practices

Conclusion

Part 2 The meaning(s) of skinhead

5 ‘Skinhead is a movement of action’

Ultra-nationalism and right-wing extremism in national and transnational context

What’s in a name? Piecing together skinhead ‘ideology’

Fascism and neo-Nazism

Anti-Semitism

Nationalism, socialism and national socialism

Racism and white supremacism

Ideological difference (or indifference?)

Skinheads and the ‘groupuscular right’: ‘reserve army’, ‘storm troopers’ or mutual exploitation?

Ideological sources: from Mein Kampf to Butterfly Temple

Formal political organisations: reserve army or mutual exploitation?

The meaning of ideology: religion, revolution, action?

Conclusion

6 ‘Any skinhead likes to fight’

‘Actions’: ritual and symbolic violence

Fighting practices

Racist violence: chistki

The morality and philosophy of violence

Symbolic violence: everyday racism, intimidation and agitprop

Everyday racism

Agitprop: the pedagogy of symbolic violence

Conclusion

7 No longer ‘on parade’

Skinhead, style and ‘identity’: class, ethnicity, gender and sexuality

The shifting meanings of skinhead style

Visual versus ‘performative’ style

Visual style goes backstage: rationales and fears

Rationales: work, study and relationships

Fears: the changing external environment

Redefining performative style: the pleasures that bind

Fighting: ‘the real deal’

Tattoos and piercings: pleasure through pain

Conclusion

8 In search of intimacy

Creating space for male bonding: fraternity, homosociality and masculinity

The aesthetics and ethics of intimacy: practices of the collective and the individual body

The healthy and beautiful body

The vulnerable body

The nude and the naked body: homophobia and homoerotica

Masculinities: images and realities

Conclusion

Part 3 Reflections on the research process

9 No right to remain silent?

Relations with sociologists: bitches and condoms

The female researcher in a male field: research as a gendered conversation

Friends, relatives or drinking pals? What was it between us?

To be or not to be … a sociologist

The sociological impact

Conclusion: equal dialogue or privileged silence?

10 Research emotions

Emotions and sociological knowledge

Reflexivity and the research debut

Emotions in the field: managing pain

Returning to the field

On the other side of the field

Conclusion

11 Does it have to end in tears?

Subjectivity, reflexivity and ethnography

‘Here come the girls … ’: ethnography as a collaborative research practice

‘Virtually black’: the fragility of the researcher’s ‘self’

The bosses are coming … : hierarchy and role in team-based ethnography

The ‘sociologist bitch’: authority, power and the research process

Conclusion

12 Conclusion

‘There’s no such thing as a former skinhead’: representation and authenticity

Things to die for: personal meanings of skinhead

Rethinking skinhead lives: beyond the personal

Appendix 1 Parties and extra-parliamentary groupings

Freedom Party (Partiia svobody) (PS)

Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (Liberal’no-demokraticheskaia partiia Rossii) (LDPR)

Movement against Illegal Immigration (Dvizhenie protiv nelegal’no immigratsii) (DPNI)

National Bolshevik Party (Natsional-bol’shevistskaia partiia) (NBP)

National Great Power Party of Russia (Natsional’no-derzhavnaia partiia Rossii) (NDPR)

National-Socialist Association (Nastional-sotsialisticheskoe obshchestvo) (NSO)

National Front Party (Partiia Natsional’nii Front) (PNF) and Church of Nav (Tserkov’ Navi)

People’s National Party (Narodnaia natsional’naia partiia) (NNP)/ Russkaia tsel’

Rodina (Homeland – Congress of Russian Communities) (Rodina – Kongress russkikh obshchin) (Rodina–KRO)

Russian National Union (Russkii national’nii soiuz) (RNS)

Russian National Unity (Russkoe National’noe Edinstvo) (RNE)

Slavic Union (Slavianskii soiuz) (SS)

Union of Veneds (Soiuz venedov) (SV)

Appendix 2 – Biographical characteristics of respondents

Notes

References

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