The Common Marmoset in Captivity and Biomedical Research 1st Edition by Robert P Marini, Lynn M Wachtman, Suzette D Tardif, Keith Mansfield, James G Fox ISBN 9780128118290 0128118296

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ISBN 10: 0128118296
ISBN 13: 9780128118290
Author: Robert P Marini, Lynn M Wachtman, Suzette D Tardif, Keith Mansfield, James G Fox

The Common Marmoset in Captivity and Biomedical Research 1st Edition Table of contents:

I – BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

1 – Taxonomy and Natural History

INTRODUCTION

DAILY ACTIVITY, DIET, AND HOME RANGE

SOCIAL AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR

CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

2 – The Anatomy of the Common Marmoset

INTRODUCTION

EXTERNAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INTEGUMENT

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

Osteology

Skull

Vertebral Column

Penile Bone

Forelimb

Hind Limb

Arthrology

Myology

Facial Musculature

Muscles of Mastication

Muscles of the Neck and Tongue

Muscles of the Cervical Region

Muscles of the Spine

Tail Musculature

Abdominal Muscles

Forelimb Musculature

Muscles that Connect the Forelimb to the Body

Muscles of the Shoulder Region

Muscles of the Upper Arm

Muscles of the Forearm (Extensor Musculature [Lateral Side of the Arm])

Muscles of the Forearm (Flexor Musculature [Medial Side of the Arm])

Muscles of the Forearm (the Pronators and Supinator)

Muscles of the Hand

Musculature of the Hind Limb

Flexor Muscles of the Hip and Hip Joint

Extensor Muscles of the Hip Joint

The Adductors of the Hind Limb

The Supinators of the Hind Limb

The Extensors of the Knee

The Caudal Thigh Muscles (Hamstrings)

The Flexors of the Tarsal Joint and Extensor of the Digits

The Extensors of the Tarsal Joint and Flexors of the Digits

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Cranial Structures

Oral Cavity

Dentition

Tongue

Palate

Pharynx

Salivary Glands

Intestinal Tract

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Liver

Pancreas

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Nose and Nasal Cavity

Larynx and Trachea

Lungs

UROGENITAL TRACT

Urinary System

Male Genital System

Female Genital System

Gender Determination

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The Heart

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Arterial Circulation

Systemic Venous Circulation

Lymphatic System

Spleen

ENDOCRINE ORGANS

Pancreas

Adrenal Glands

Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland

SENSORY ORGANS

The Eye

The Ear

References

3 – Neuroanatomy of the Marmoset

INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION OF THE MARMOSET BRAIN STRUCTURE

Comparison of the Brain of Marmosets With the Brain of Humans and Other Mammals

Annotation of the Cortical Areas: Atlas of the Marmoset Brain

Marmoset Cortical Areas: Notable Examples

Premotor Cortex: Area 8C, a Newly Defined Field in Marmosets

Missing Area 44 in the Marmoset Brain

NEUROANATOMICAL CONNECTIONS

Auditory Cortex

Subcortical Inputs to the Auditory Cortex

Corticocortical Connections in the Auditory Cortex

Visual Cortex

Four Streams From the V1 to V2

“Third-Tier” Visual Cortex

Area MT: A Motion-Sensitive Area

Prefrontal Cortex

Coarse Level Connections of Prefrontal Cortex Divisions

Fine Cortical Network Stemming From Areas Within a Prefrontal Cortex Division

Motor and Premotor Cortices

Motor Cortex

Premotor Cortex

DISCUSSION

References

4 – Marmoset Nutrition and Dietary Husbandry

INTRODUCTION

BASICS

GASTROINTESTINAL ANATOMY AND WILD-TYPE DIETS

NUTRIENTS/REQUIREMENTS

Energy

Protein

Lipids/Fatty Acids

Carbohydrates

Vitamins

FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

Vitamin D

Vitamin A

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

Minerals

INFANTS

FEEDING

Food/Diet Types

Enrichment

CURRENT ISSUES IN MARMOSET NUTRITION

Wasting Syndrome and Metabolic Bone Disease

Use of Gum as a Dietary Item

Obesity

References

5 – Husbandry and Housing of Common Marmosets

INTRODUCTION

HOUSING

Indoor Environments

Temperature

Humidity

Lighting

Sound

Housing Room Density and Environmental Changes

OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS

PRIMARY ENCLOSURE

Cage Sizes

Cage Construction

Examples of Cage Types

Nest Boxes

Provision of Food and Water

Cage Furniture and Enrichment

Cage Identification/Animal Identification

Individual Animal Identification

Cage-Front Labels Indicating ID Numbers and Total Animal Numbers

Identification of Special Diet Requests, Research Restrictions, and Medications Directly on the Cage

RESEARCH-SPECIFIC CAGING

Biocontainment

Metabolic Housing

Behavioral Evaluation

Caging for Transportation

Modifications for Clinical Care

SANITATION

CLOSING REMARKS

References

Further Reading

6 – Normal Clinical and Biological Parameters of the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

INTRODUCTION

PART I: NORMATIVE BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Natural History, Life Stages, and Life Span

Organ Weights and Morphometry

Cardiovascular Parameters

Body Temperature

PART II: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

Hematology and Clinical Chemistry

Urinalysis

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Endocrine Hormones

PART III: REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS

Female Reproductive Hormones

Male Reproductive Hormones

Sperm

PART IV: OTHER CLINICAL PARAMETERS

Cortisol

PART V: IMMUNOLOGY AND DRUG METABOLISM

A Brief Overview of the Marmoset Immune System

Immunology Research

Characteristics of Drug Metabolism in the Common Marmoset

References

7 – Behavior and Behavioral Management

INTRODUCTION

BEHAVIOR IN CAPTIVITY

Species-Typical Behaviors

Family Behavior

MANAGEMENT OF SOCIAL HOUSING

Family Groups

Pair Management for Research Subjects

ENRICHMENT FOR SPECIES-TYPICAL BEHAVIOR

Wooden Substrates

Foraging Opportunities

Climbing and Jumping Opportunities

ENRICHMENT—HUMAN INTERACTIONS

CONCLUSIONS

References

8 – Reproduction, Growth, and Development

INTRODUCTION

REPRODUCTION

Female Reproductive Physiology

Male Reproductive Physiology

Mating and Pregnancy

Cooperative Infant Care

DEVELOPMENT

Prenatal Development and Fetal Growth

Postnatal Development

Physical

Behavioral

GROWTH

Normal Weight Gain Trajectories

Low Weight Gain and Its Causes

HIGH WEIGHT GAIN AND ITS CAUSES

References

9 – Regulatory Considerations

REGULATIONS

International

United States

European Union

INDUSTRY STANDARDS

PHYSICAL PLANT, HOUSING, AND HUSBANDRY

PRIMARY ENCLOSURES

SHELTERED AND OUTDOOR HOUSING FACILITIES

ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT

HUSBANDRY

ACQUISITION, TRADE, AND INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT

TRANSPORTATION

References

Further Reading

II – DISEASES AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

10 – Physical Examination, Diagnosis, and Common Clinical Procedures

INTRODUCTION

PART I: THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Body Weight and Body Condition

Body Temperature

Dermatologic System

Visual and Auditory Systems

Respiratory System

Cardiovascular System

Lymphoid/Immune System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Musculoskeletal System

Nervous System

PART II: PREVENTATIVE HEALTH CARE AND QUARANTINE

PART III: CLINICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

Removal of Marmosets From the Home Cage

Sedation

Substance Administration

Phlebotomy

Blood Transfusion

Collection of Urine Samples

Collection of Semen

Other Sample Collection

Tooth Extraction

Surgical Biopsy Collection

Metabolic Profiling

Imaging Modalities

Ophthalmic Procedures

CONCLUSION

References

11 – Anesthesia and Select Surgical Procedures

ANESTHESIA

Preanesthetic Assessment and Considerations

Anesthetic Agents

Injectables

Ketamine

Alfaxalone

Xylazine

Propofol

Inhalant Agents

Endotracheal Intubation

Balanced Anesthetic Techniques

Anesthesia Monitoring

ANALGESIA AND PAIN ASSESSMENT

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs

Opioids

Local Anesthetics

SURGERY

Postoperative Recovery and Monitoring

Bandaging

Select Surgical Procedures: Stereotaxic Surgery

Select Surgical Procedures: Vasectomy

Select Surgical Procedures: Cesarean Section

Select Surgical Procedures: Ovariectomy

Select Surgical Procedures: Digit Amputations

Select Surgical Procedures: Tail Amputation

References

12 – Diseases of the Urogenital System

IMAGING

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

URINALYSIS

URINARY TRACT DISORDERS

Congenital Disease

Malignant Nephroblastoma

Experimental Disease

Leptospirosis

Spontaneously Occurring Renal Disease

Renal Failure in the Setting of Vitamin E Deficiency in a Common Marmoset

Oxalate Nephropathy

Spontaneous Progressive Glomerulonephropathy and Other Renal Lesions

Renal Amyloidosis

REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS

Congenital Diseases

Fused Labia

Imperforate Vagina

XY Female Marmoset

GENITAL DISEASE

Experimental Disease

Endometriosis

Uterine Rupture

Dystocia

Pregnancy Loss, Embryonic and Fetal Death, Stillbirth

Infant Morbidity and Mortality

References

Further Reading

13 – Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

INTRODUCTION

DISEASES OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND ESOPHAGUS

Teeth

Dental Fractures and Abscesses

Periodontal Disease

Viral Infections

Herpes Simplex

Herpes Tamarinus

Fungal Disease

Neoplastic Diseases

Nutritional Diseases

Congenital Malformations

DISEASES OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINE

Bacterial Diseases

Escherichia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Shigella sp.

Helicobacter sp.

Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium difficile

Yersinia sp.

Mycobacteria sp.

Parasitic Diseases

Giardia sp.

Coccidia

Prosthenorchis elegans

Other

Viral Disease

Morbilliviruses

Herpesvirus ateles and Herpesvirus saimiri

Other Gammaherpesviruses

Other

Neoplastic and Proliferative Disease

Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma

Gastrointestinal Lymphoma

Other

Other Noninfectious Diseases

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Amyloidosis

DISEASES OF THE LIVER

Bacterial Diseases

Clostridium piliforme

Francisella tularensis

Leptospira sp.

Other Bacterial Agents

Parasitic Disease

Platynosomum sp.

Toxoplasma gondii

Viral Diseases

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

GB Virus

Yellow Fever

Other Viruses

Noninfectious Diseases

DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS

Parasitic Disease

Trichospirura leptostoma

Noninfectious Diseases

Diabetes

References

14 – Bone, Muscle, and Skeletal Disease

THE NORMAL MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Anatomy and Histology of Normal Bone

Development of the Musculoskeletal System

Bone Physiology

Chimerism in Bone Marrow

Vitamin D Metabolism

Marmoset Diet in the Wild and Nutritional Requirements in Captivity

DIAGNOSING DISEASE OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Histologic Lesions of Bone Disease

Imaging Modalities for the Evaluation of Bone Pathology in Marmosets

Two-Dimensional Techniques

Three-Dimensional Techniques

Biomarkers of Disease of the Musculoskeletal System

Biomarkers of Bone Disease

Biomarkers of Muscle Disease

Biomarkers of Joint Disease

Emerging Biomarkers

DISEASES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Nutritional Bone Disease

Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Disorders

Metastatic and Dystrophic Mineralization

Zinc Deficiency

Vitamin A Toxicity

Vitamin C Deficiency

Marmosets as a Translational Model for Osteoporosis

Developmental and Congenital Bone Disease

Cleft Palate

Micromelic Dysplasia

Infectious Etiologies for Bone Disease

Joint Disease

Treatment of Pain Associated With Arthritis

Skeletal Muscle Disease

References

15 – Viral Diseases of Common Marmosets

HERPESVIRUSES

Herpes Simplex Virus

Saimiriine Herpesvirus 1

Cytomegalovirus

Lymphocryptovirus

Callitrichine Herpesvirus 3

Saimiriine Herpesvirus 2

Ateline Herpesvirus

POXVIRUSES

Cowpox Virus

ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES

ADENOVIRUSES

CORONAVIRUSES

PARAMYXOVIRUSES

Measles Virus

Paramyxovirus Saguinus

CALLITRICHID HEPATITIS VIRUS

HEPATITIS A VIRUS

HEPATITIS B VIRUS

HEPATITIS C VIRUS

FLAVIVIRUSES

LYSSAVIRUS

References

16 – Bacterial Diseases

INTRODUCTION

GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

GRAM-POSITIVE RODS

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

Mycobacterium spp.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

Clostridium spp.

Clostridium perfringens—Clostridial Myonecrosis

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Clostridium perfringens—Gastric Dilation

Clostridium piliforme

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Escherichia coli

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Pseudomonas simiae

Salmonella spp.

Shigella—Bacillary Dysentery

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Yersinia enterocolitica

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

CURVED, SPIRAL, AND FUSIFORM-SHAPED GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS

Campylobacter spp.

Helicobacter spp.

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

Leptospira spp.—Leptospirosis

Etiology

Clinical Signs

Epizootiology

Pathology

Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

Prevention and Control

Research Complications

ATYPICAL BACTERIA

Ehrlichia canis

Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

References

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Tags: Robert P Marini, Lynn M Wachtman, Suzette D Tardif, Keith Mansfield, James G Fox, Common Marmoset, Biomedical Research