The Student is Companion to Social Policy 5th Edition by Pete Alcock, Tina Haux, Margaret May, Sharon Wright 1118965973 9781118965979

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ISBN 10: 1118965973

ISBN 13: 9781118965979

Author: Pete Alcock; Tina Haux; Margaret May; Sharon Wright

This fully updated and expanded edition of the bestselling Student’s Companion to Social Policy charts the latest developments, research, challenges, and controversies in the field in a concise, authoritative format.

• Provides students with the analytical base from which to investigate and evaluate key concepts, perspectives, policies, and outcomes at national and international levels
• Features a new section on devolution and social policy in the UK; enhanced discussion of international and comparative issues; and new coverage of ‘nudge’-based policies, austerity politics, sustainable welfare, working age conditionality, social movements, policy learning and transfer, and social policy in the BRIC countries
• Offers essential information for anyone studying social policy, from undergraduates on introductory courses to those pursuing postgraduate or professional programmes
• Accompanied by updated online resources to support independent learning and skill development with chapter overviews, study questions, guides to key sources and career opportunities, a key term glossary, and more
• Written by a team of experts working at the forefront of social policy

The Student is Companion to Social Policy 5th Table of contents:

Part I: Concepts and Approaches

Chapter 1: What is Social Policy?

The Subject of Social Policy

The Development of Social Policy

The Welfare State and the Welfare Consensus

Theoretical Pluralism

Emerging Issues: the Future of Social Policy

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 2: Researching Social Policy

Why We Need Research

Approaches, Methods and Designs

Evidence-based Policy and Evaluation

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 3: Social Needs, Social Problems, Social Welfare and Well-being

What is Social Welfare?

What are Social Needs?

What is a Social Problem?

Conclusion

Emerging Issues: from Needs to Well-being

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 4: Equality, Rights and Social Justice

Meanings and Definitions

Equality, Rights and Justice as Ideology

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 5: Human Rights and Equality

Historical Context

Conceptualising Human Rights and Equalities

Human Rights and Equalities: Making Links

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 6: Efficiency, Equity and Choice

Introduction

Scarcity and Choice

Efficiency

Efficiency versus Other Goals

The Means of Delivering Efficiency and Choice

Issues for Public Service Delivery

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 7: Citizenship

Defining Citizenship: Three Common Elements

Rights, Responsibilities and Competing Visions of Citizenship

The Importance of Social Rights for Citizenship

Conditional and Constrained: Twenty-first-Century Social Citizenship

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 8: Changing Behaviour

Introduction

Changing Understandings of Behaviour

Experimenting with Behaviour Change

A Global Policy Movement

Challenging Behavioural Government

Conclusion

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part II: Key Perspectives

Chapter 9: Neo-Liberalism

The Neo-Liberal Challenge

From Classical Liberalism to Neo-Liberalism

Late-Twentieth-Century Neo-Liberalism

Neo-Liberalism and Welfare

Neo-Liberalism and Welfare: A Critique

Neo-Liberalism in the Twenty-first Century

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 10: The Conservative Tradition

Conservatism

The Development of Conservative Ideas and Politics

Conservatism and Social Reform

Conservatism and Neo-Liberalism

Searching for Direction

Conservatism under David Cameron

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 11: Social Democracy

Historic Roots

What is Social Democracy?

Social Democracy: The British Context

Social Democratic Welfare States

Emerging Issues: An Uncertain Future?

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 12: The Socialist Perspective

Socialism as Critique

Socialism as Practice

The Death of Socialism?

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 13: Feminist Perspectives

Feminist Questions

Women Workers and Carers

Gender Relations and Masculinities

Feminist Intersections

Feminists in Public Policy and Activism

Emerging Issues: Post-Feminism, Human Rights and the Impact of Austerity

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 14: Social Movements

What is a Social Movement?

Social Movements and the Definition of Groups in Society

Social Movements and the Emergence of Social Policy

Analysing Social Movements and the Policy Process

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 15: Post-Modernist Perspectives

Theories of the Post-Modern

Post-Modernism and Social Policy

Post-Structuralism

Risk Society

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part III: Historical Context

Chapter 16: Nineteenth-Century Beginnings

Poor Relief

Public Services

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 17: The Liberal Era and the Growth of State Welfare

Changing Socio-political Contexts

The ‘Social Question’ and the Threat of Economic Decline

The Social Question: Diagnostics and Analysis

The Social Question: Politics and Reform

Aftermath

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 18: The Modern Welfare State, 1940–74

The Second World War: The Catalyst for Change?

The Labour Governments and the Creation of the Welfare State, 1945–51

Modern ‘One Nation’ Conservatism and the Welfare State, 1951–64

Revisionist Labour and the Welfare State, 1964–70

The Conservatives and the Welfare State, 1970–4

A Post-war Welfare Consensus or Settlement?

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 19: Crisis, Retrenchment and the Impact of Neo-Liberalism,1976–97

Neo-Liberal Theory and Economic Crisis

Neo-Liberal Programme

What was Wrong with the Neo-Liberal Diagnosis?

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 20: Modernisation and the Third Way

Introduction

The Essence of the Third Way

The Third Way in Practice

The New Labour Legacy

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Reading

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 21: Austerity Politics

Global Financial Crisis and ‘Austerity’

The Theory of Austerity

Challenges to the Theoretical Basis of Austerity

From Emergency Keynesianism to the Return of Neo-Liberalism

The Austerity Narrative and the Legitimation of Welfare State Restructuring

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part IV: Devolution and Social Policy in the United Kingdom

Chapter 22: Social Policy and Devolution

The Pattern of Devolution

The Operation of the Devolved Administrations

Spending Patterns within the United Kingdom

The Pattern of Flexibility at the Devolved Level

Emerging Issues: The Scottish Independence Referendum and Beyond

Guide to Further Reading

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 23: Social Policy in Northern Ireland

Introduction

Funding and Spending on Social Policy in Northern Ireland

Social Policy Priorities in Northern Ireland: Convergence and Divergence

What Underpins Social Policy in Northern Ireland?

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 24: Social Policy in Scotland

The 1998 Devolution Settlement in Scotland

Policy Divergence Since 1998

Social Policy in Scotland: The Settlement under Strain?

The Scottish Independence Referendum: Debates and Outcomes

Towards a New Settlement?

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Resources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 25: Social Policy in Wales

Introduction

Politics and Ideology

Education and Skills

Health and Social Care

Housing and Homelessness

Transport

Equality and Human Rights

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part V: Contemporary Context and Challenges

Chapter 26: The Demographic Challenge

Population Change

A Century of Population Change in the UK

An Ageing Population

Migration

An Increasingly Diverse Population

Changing Patterns of Partnership and Family Formation

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 27: The Economic Context

The Needs of People and the Needs of the ‘Economy’

The Promises and Pursuit of Economic Growth

Taxation, Spending and Debt

Emerging Issues: Crisis, Austerity and the ‘Burden’ of Public Spending

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 28: The Sustainability Challenge

Understanding Sustainability

Ecological Challenges

Social Challenges

UK Government Policies

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 29: The Role of Religion

Context

Social Welfare in the Five Main World Religions

Religion, Spirituality and the Study of Social Policy

The UK Context

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 30: The Distribution of Welfare

Distribution and Redistribution

Aims of Welfare Services

Conceptual Issues

Some Empirical Results

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 31: Divisions and Difference

Why Do Divisions and Differences Matter?

Understanding Difference and Divisions

Class: A Case Study of Divisions and Difference

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 32: ‘Race’, Minority Ethnic Groups and Social Welfare

‘Race’, Ethnicity and Classification

Social Policy, Social Welfare and Ethnic Minority Groups

Ethnic Minority Groups and Social Welfare

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 33: Poverty and Social Exclusion

Poverty and Social Policy

Defining Poverty

Deprivation and Exclusion

Measuring Poverty and Social Exclusion

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part VI: Welfare Production and Provision

Chapter 34: State Welfare

Defining the State

State Involvement in Welfare

The Changing Role of the State

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 35: Commercial Welfare

Markets and Businesses in Welfare

Government Policy and Welfare Markets

Equity, Quality and the State

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 36: Occupational Welfare

Context

What is ‘Occupational Welfare’?

A Brief Historical Overview

Recent Developments in Provision

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 37: Voluntary Welfare

Context

Definitional Issues

Theoretical Issues

Emerging issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 38: Informal Welfare

Informal Welfare and Unpaid Care

Characteristics of Unpaid Carers

Key Issues Around Unpaid Care

Social Policy for Unpaid Carers

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 39: Welfare Users and Social Policy

Context

Strivers and Shirkers

Co-producers

Taking Control

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 40: Paying for Welfare

Who Pays Matters

Who Pays?

What Level of Government Is Responsible?

Who Decides How Much?

Required or Encouraged Behaviour

Insured Against Catastrophe

Vouchers and Quasi-vouchers

Giving

Rationing

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 41: Taxation and Welfare

Introduction

The UK Tax System

Key Concepts and Debates

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part VII: Welfare Governance

Chapter 42: The Policy Process

Context

Perspectives on the Policy Process

Governments and the Policy Process since 1979

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 43: Managing and Delivering Welfare

The Villains of Welfare Services?

From OPA to NPM

Public Management in the 2000s

Markets for Public Services

Crises in Public Delivery

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 44: Accountability for Welfare

What is Accountability for Welfare?

What Kind of Things Should be Accounted For?

Who Should be Held Accountable?

Accountability to Whom?

Mechanisms for Accountability

Issues Arising from Accountability

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 45: Local Governance

The Development of Local Government and Local Governance

Local Government and Governance Structures

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 46: The European Union

The Development of the Union’s Social Policy Remit

EU Social Policymaking Processes

EU Social Policy Intervention

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part VIII: Welfare Domains

Chapter 47: Income Maintenance and Social Security

Introduction

The Importance of Social Security

What is ‘Social Security’?

The Aims of Social Security

An Overview of the Current System

How Social Security is Delivered

Benefit Levels, Poverty and Adequacy

Benefits in Cash and In-Kind

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 48: Employment

The Changing Nature of UK Employment Context: New Opportunities, New Risks

Employment as a Vehicle for Social Policy Goals: A Tool Fit for Purpose?

Employment and Social Policy: Adding Ethical Considerations to Headline Economic Figures

Policy Possibilities: Employment as Social Policy?

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 49: Healthcare

The Importance of Health and Healthcare

What is Healthcare?

Funding Health Services

Organisation, Planning and Commissioning

Management and Regulation

Partnerships

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Reading

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 50: Public Health

What is Public Health?

Why is Public Health Important?

Public Health Systems in the UK

Previous Labour Government and Public Health

The Coalition and Public Health

Criticism of the Coalition’s Policies

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 51: Education in Schools

Context

Schooling in the UK: Past and Present

Core Issues

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 52: Lifelong Learning and Training

Introduction

What is Lifelong Learning?

Why did Lifelong Learning Come About?

The Ideology of Lifelong Learning

Lifelong Learning, Training and Skills Policies

Improving the Qualifications and Skills of the Future Workforce

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 53: Housing

Context

The Historical Legacy

Tenure Changes

Homelessness and Access to Social Housing

The Contemporary Housing Situation

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 54: Social Care

Context

Social care

The History and Evolution of Social Care

‘Managing Care’

Social Care under the UK Coalition

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 55: Criminal Justice

Criminal Justice and Social Policy

Patterns of Crime

A Brief History of Criminal Justice

The Aims of Punishment

Criminal Justice and Penal Politics

Contemporary Penal Policy

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part IX: Experiencing Welfare

Chapter 56: Experiences of Out-of-Work Benefit Receipt

Unemployment and State Intervention

The Policy Approach

Experiencing Welfare to Work

‘Strivers and Shirkers’: The Consequences of a Divisive Rhetoric

Navigating the Benefits System

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 57: Family Policy

Family Change and Social Policy

Family Policy in the UK

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 58: Children

Introduction

Twenty-first-Century Childhood

Children’s Rights

Children, Family and Social Policy

Children as a ‘Social Investment’

Child Safeguarding

Policy in Action: Ending Child Poverty

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 59: Young People

Perspectives on Youth and Youth Transitions

The Polarisation of Youth Transitions

The Emergence of Youth Policy in the UK, 1997–2001

The Connexions Strategy, 1999–2005

Everybody Matters (But Some More than Others)

Further Dismantling the Edifice: UK Coalition Government, Recession, Austerity and Cuts

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Reading

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 60: Older People

Introduction

Welfare, Population Ageing and the Intergenerational Contract

Pension Policy

Work and ‘Active Ageing’

Social Care Policy

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 61: Disability

Context

The Historical Context: Disability as an Administrative Category

Policy Claims: The Disabled People’s Movement

Independent Living: New Modes of Welfare Production

Non-discrimination: Policies for Civil Rights

Globalisation and Governance: UN and EU Influences

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 62: Migrants and Asylum Seekers

Context

Definitions and Categorisations of Migrants

UK Policy: Key Themes Over Time

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Part X: International and Comparative Context

Chapter 63: Comparative Analysis

Context

Approaches to Comparative Analysis

Research Dilemmas

Typologies and Regimes

Convergence and Divergence

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 64: Policy Learning and Transfer

Context

Types of Learning and Transfer

Barriers to Transfer

Degrees of Transfer, Types of Learning

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Reading

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 65: Social Policy in Europe

What is Europe?

European Social Policy?

Typically European and/or Typically British?

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 66: Social Policy in the United States

Health Policy

Education Policy

Income Security Policy

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 67: Social Policy in East Asia

Introduction

What is East Asia? What is Social Policy in East Asia?

Welfare Systems in East Asia

Contemporary Shifts

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 68: Social Policy in the BRICS Countries

Background and Definitions

Varying Challenges and Differing Responses

Why then do BRICS Matter for Social Policy?

Key Trends in Social Protection within Each of the BRICS

The Role of BRICS in Shaping Global Social Policy

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 69: Social Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Introduction

A Historical Overview: Oil, Independence and Lost Opportunities

Theoretical Overview: A New Ethic of Welfare Beyond Rentierism

A Brief Socio-Economic Profile of the MENA Region

Revitalising Social Policy in the MENA: The Contemporary Context

A Residual/Productivist and Corporatist Approach to Social Policy

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 70: Social Policy in Less Developed Societies

Introduction

Concepts and Categories

Social Policy in Context

Policy Issues and Regimes

Development, International Institutions and Social Policy

Extending Social Protection

Emerging Issues: Crisis, Human Security and Sustainable Development

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Chapter 71: Globalisation, International Organisations and Social Policy

Globalisation and the Study of Social Policy

International Organisations and Global Governance

Impacts of International Organisations on Social Policy

Social Policy Concepts in a Global Context

Efficiency, Equity and Choice

Global Social Reform

Emerging Issues

Guide to Further Sources

Review and Assignment Questions

Appendix: The Social Policy Association

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