The Technology and Business of Mobile Communications An Introduction 1st Edition by Mythri Hunukumbure, Justin Coon, Ben Allen, Tony Vernon ISBN 9781119130291 1119130298

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ISBN 10: 1119130298
ISBN 13: 9781119130291
Author: Mythri Hunukumbure, Justin Coon, Ben Allen, Tony Vernon

An intuitive and insightful overview of the technical and business aspects of the telecoms industry

In The Technology and Business of Mobile Telecommunications: An Introduction, a team of expert telecommunications researchers and consultants delivers a rigorous exploration of the technical and business aspects of mobile telecommunications. The book offers a complete overview of an industry that has seen rapid technical and economic changes while retaining the ability to provide end users with communications coverage and capacity.

The authors demonstrate the technical foundations of the mobile industry and show how a communications network is deployed. They detail many of the main innovations introduced over the last few years and some of the most salient challenges facing the industry today. The business models of major mobile operators are examined as well, from the purchasing spectrum to network deployment and customer attraction and retention.

The role of the regulator is also thoroughly discussed, with explorations of its role in encouraging the maintenance of a competitive market in which the needs of consumers are met.

Readers will also enjoy:

• Thorough introductions to the social and economic impacts of mobile communications, as well as a brief history of mobile and cellular communications
• Comprehensive explorations of the mobile telecoms ecosystem, from spectrum regulation to standardization, research, end users, operators, vendors, and standard bodies
• Practical discussions of the business models and challenges of mobile operators, including mobile virtual network operators and the implementation of international roaming
• In-depth examinations of telecommunications standards, including 5G

Perfect for anyone studying mobile telecommunications technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels, The Technology and Business of Mobile Telecommunications: An Introduction is also an indispensable resource for practitioners within the telecommunications industry in a technical or business-oriented role.

The Technology and Business of Mobile Communications An Introduction 1st Edition Table of contents:

1 A Technology that Changed the World

1.1 Social and Economic Impact of Mobile Communications

1.1.1 Social Impact

1.1.2 Economic Impact

1.2 A Brief History of Mobile (Cellular) Communications

1.3 The Journey of Mobile Communications as Seen from User and Operator Perspectives

References

2 The Mobile Telecoms Ecosystem

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Telecommunications Ecosystem

2.3 Regulation and Spectrum

2.3 Standardisation

2.4 Research

2.5 End Users

2.6 The Role of Operators (Carriers)

2.7 The Role of Vendors/Manufacturers

2.8 The Role of Standard Bodies and Regulators

2.9 Telecoms Ecosystem Dynamics and Behaviour

2.10 5G Ecosystem

2.10.1 Datacentres

2.10.2 RF Chip and Component Manufacturers

2.10.3 Telecom Operators (Carriers)

2.10.4 Infrastructure Service Providers

2.10.5 Gaming

2.10.6 Over The Top (OTT)

2.10.7 Low-Cost Processing Unit Manufacturer

2.10.8 Investors

2.10.9 Potential Disruptions in the 5G EcoSystem

2.11 Summary

References

3 The Business of a Mobile Operator

3.1 Business Challenges Faced by Operators

3.1.1 Third-Party Costs

3.1.2 Radio Access Network Costs

3.1.3 Transmission Costs

3.1.4 Physical Locations

3.1.5 Power Costs for Multiple Technologies

3.2 MVNOs – Mobile Virtual Network Operators

3.2.1 Economics of an MVNO

3.2.2 Modelling MVNOs and SPs

3.3 Operator Business around International Roaming

3.3.1 The EU Roaming Regulation ‘Roam like at Home’

3.3.2 Covid-19 Impact on Roaming Revenues

3.4 The Likely Operator Business Models in 5G

3.5 Conclusion

References

4 Why Standards Matter

4.1 The Creation of a New ‘G’

4.1.1 Research

4.1.2 Standardisation

4.1.3 Commercialisation

4.1.4 Continued Innovation

4.1.5 Intellectual Property as a Metric and Political Currency

4.2 Shifting Political Power and the Making of an Ecosystem

4.2.1 2G GSM – Europe Leads

4.2.2 3G UMTS – Universal (Except Not Quite)

4.2.3 4G EPS – Avoiding Old Mistakes (and Making New Ones?)

4.2.4 5G NR – New World Order?

4.3 Future Standards

References

5 The Mobile Network

5.1 Mobile Network Architecture

5.2 The Radio Access Network (RAN)

5.2.1 Synchronisation

5.2.2 Broadcast Messages

5.2.3 Paging

5.2.4 Random Access

5.2.5 Scheduling

5.2.6 Power Control

5.2.7 Handover

5.2.8 Link Adaptation

5.2.9 HARQ, Error Correction

5.2.10 MIMO Techniques

5.2.11 The Control/data Channels and Reference Signals

5.3 The Core Network (CN)

5.3.1 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Networks

5.3.2 Tunnelling and Encapsulation

5.4 The Protocol Stack

5.4.1 The OSI Model of 7 Layer Protocol Stack

5.4.2 Protocol Stacks for Mobile Communications

5.5 The 2G Network

5.5.1 The Network Architecture of 2G

5.5.2 The GSM Frame Structure

5.5.3 GSM (And GPRS) RAN Features

5.5.4 2G Evolutions

5.6 The 3G Network

5.6.1 The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)

5.6.2 UTRAN Features

5.6.3 The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

5.6.4 Issues with the UMTS Air Interface

5.6.5 3G Evolution to HSPA

5.7 The 4G Network

5.7.1 LTE System Architecture

5.7.2 LTE Protocol Layers

5.7.3 LTE Multiple Access Schemes

5.7.4 LTE Frame Structures

5.7.5 LTE Reference Signals

5.7.6 LTE main RAN procedures

5.7.7 Main Features of Subsequent LTE Releases

5.8 The 5G Network

5.8.1 5G-NR Deployment Options

5.8.2 5G-NR System Architecture

5.8.3 Spectrum Options for 5G-NR

5.8.4 5G-NR Protocol Layers

5.8.5 The 5G-NR Air Interface

5.8.6 5G-NR RAN procedures

5.8.7 5G-NR Reference Signals

5.8.8 5G Core – Concepts and Functionalities

5.9 The Centralisation and Virtualisation of the Mobile Network

5.9.1 The Centralised RAN (C-RAN)

5.9.2 NFV (Virtualised Network Functions) and SDN (Software Defined Networking) Concepts

5.10 Conclusions

References

6 Basics of Network Dimensioning and Planning

6.1 Properties of Signal Strength, Noise and Interference

6.2 The Link Budget and Coverage Dimensioning

6.2.1 The Transmit Power

6.2.2 The Antenna Gains

6.2.3 Transmit and Receive Diversity Gains

6.2.4 The EIRP

6.2.5 Modelling the Path Loss

6.2.6 Modelling the Log Normal Fade Margin

6.2.7 The FFM

6.2.8 Building Penetration Loss

6.2.9 Building the Link Budget

6.3 Capacity Dimensioning

6.3.1 The Capacity Demand Estimation Process

6.3.2 Capacity Demand Estimation – Worked Example

6.3.3 Resource Provision – Worked Example

6.4 The Dimensioning of Backhaul Links

6.4.1 LTE Backhaul Provision – General Aspects

6.4.2 LTE Backhaul Provision – Capacity Aspects

6.4.3 New Developments in Backhaul/fronthaul Provision

6.5 The Network Planning Process

6.5.1 The Network Area Maps

6.5.2 Site Placement and Antenna Radiation Patterns

6.5.3 Traffic Modelling and Capacity Provision Information

6.5.4 Fine Tuning and Optimisation

6.6 A Look at 5G Networks

References

7 Spectrum – The Life Blood of Radio Communications

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Spectrum Management and Its Objectives

7.2.1 The Role of the ITU

7.2.2 Regional Bodies

7.2.3 National Regulators and Their Roles

7.2.4 The Spectrum Management Process

7.3 Spectrum Allocations

7.4 Spectrum Assignment

7.4.1 Administrative Assignments

7.4.2 Market Based Mechanisms

7.5 Spectrum Licensing

7.5.1 Spectrum for Mobile Services

7.5.2 Dimensions of Spectrum Sharing

7.6 Spectrum Bands Considered for 5G

7.6.1 Example Illustration of Spectrum Deployment Strategy for MNOs

7.6.2 Local Access Spectrum

References

8 Fundamentals of Digital Communication

8.1 Basic Digital Communication System Overview

8.2 Encoding Information

8.2.1 Sampling

8.2.2 Source Coding

8.2.3 Channel Coding

8.3 Signal Representation and Modulation

8.3.1 Mapping Bits to Signals

8.3.2 Signal Spectrum

8.4 Signal Demodulation and Detection

8.4.1 System Model and Sources of Noise

8.4.2 Demodulation

8.4.3 Detection

8.5 Performance Analysis

8.5.1 Capacity

8.5.2 Bit-error Rate and Symbol-error Rate

8.6 Communication Through Dispersive Channels

8.6.1 Time-domain Equalization and Detection

8.6.2 Frequency-domain Equalisation

8.7 Multiple Access: A Second Look

8.7.1 CDMA and 3G

8.7.2 OFDMA/SC-FDMA and 4G

8.7.3 NOMA and 5G

8.8 System Impairments

8.8.1 Carrier Phase Estimation

8.8.2 Timing Recovery

8.8.3 Channel Estimation

8.9 Further Reading

Notes

References

9 Early Technical Challenges and Innovative Solutions

9.1 Wireless Channels: The Challenge

9.1.1 Propagation

9.1.2 Fading and Multipath

9.1.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Fading Channels

9.2 Multicarrier Modulation: A Second Look

9.2.1 Coded OFDM

9.2.2 Capacity and Adaptive Modulation

9.3 Diversity

9.3.1 Macro Diversity

9.3.2 Time Diversity

9.3.3 Frequency Diversity

9.3.4 Spatial Diversity

9.4 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

9.4.1 Capacity

9.4.2 MIMO Transmission Techniques

9.4.3 MIMO Reception Techniques

9.4.4 MIMO vs Multicarrier

9.4.5 Multi-User and Massive MIMO

References

10 Small Cells – an Evolution or a Revolution?

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Small Cells Concept Formation

10.3 Multi-tier Cellular Networks/HetNets Architecture

10.3.1 Interference Management

10.3.2 Mobility Management

10.3.3 Backhaul

10.4 Interference Management and Modelling in Small cell/HetNets

10.4.1 Interference Management

10.4.2 Interference Modelling

10.5 Mobility Management

10.6 Backhaul

10.7 Small-Cell Deployment

10.8 Future Evolution of Small Cells

10.9 Conclusion

References

11 Today’s and Tomorrow’s Challenges

11.1 The Capacity Crunch

11.1.1 A Historical Perspective

11.1.2 Methods for Capacity Enhancement

11.1.3 Impact on Transport and Core Networks

11.1.4 Complementary Technologies

11.2 Increasing Network Complexity

11.2.1 The Self-Organising Networks

11.2.2 Network Automation in 5G

11.2.3 The Business Rationale for Network Automation

11.3 The Need for Greener and Lower EMF Networks

11.3.1 Greener Mobile Networks

11.3.3 Green Manufacturing and Recycling

11.3.4 Applications of Mobile Networks for Energy Reduction

11.3.5 Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Mobile Networks

11.4 Covering the Unserved and Under-served Regions

11.4.1 New Access Technologies

11.4.2 Initiatives Driven by Government Funding and Policy

Reference

12 The Changing Face of Mobile Communications

12.1 Changes with Centralisation and Virtualisation of the Mobile Network

12.2 Supporting Multiple Vertical Industries through 5G

12.2.1 Automotive Sector

12.2.2 Smart City

12.2.3 Industry 4.0

12.2.4 Critical Communications Sector

12.2.5 Other Vertical Areas under Development

12.3 The Continuous Evolution of the Mobile Device

12.4 What Will 6G Look Like?

12.4.1 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

12.4.2 Blockchain and the Internet of Things

12.4.3 Evolutions in Cloud and Edge Computing

12.4.4 Advanced Hybrid Beamforming

12.4.5 New Modulation Schemes

12.4.6 Tera-Hertz (Thz) Communications

12.4.7 Orbital Angular Momentum

12.4.8 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

12.4.9 Quantum Technology

References

Index

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