Traffic and Highway Engineering 5th Edition by Nicholas J Garber, Lester A Hoel ISBN 9781337631044 1337631043

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ISBN 10: 1337631043
ISBN 13: 9781337631044
Author: Nicholas J Garber, Lester A Hoel

Traffic and Highway Engineering 5th Edition Table of contents:

Part 1. Introduction

Chapter 1. The Profession of Transportation

1.1. Importance of Transportation

1.1.1. Transportation and Economic Growth

1.1.2. Social Costs and Benefits of Transportation

1.1.3. Transportation in the United States

1.2. Transportation History

1.2.1. An Overview of U.S. Transportation History

1.2.2. Evolution of America’s Highways

1.3. Transportation Employment

1.3.1. Logistics and Supply-Chain Management

1.3.2. Vehicle Design and Transportation Services

1.3.3. Transportation Infrastructure Services

1.3.4. Specialties within Transportation Infrastructure Engineering

1.3.5. Professional Challenges in Transportation Engineering

1.4. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 2. Transportation Systems and Organizations

2.1. Developing a Transportation System

2.1.1. Comparative Advantages of Transportation Modes

2.1.2. Interaction of Supply and Demand

2.1.3. Forces That Change the Transportation System

2.2. Modes of Transportation

2.2.1. Freight and Passenger Traffic

2.2.2. Public Transportation

2.2.3. Highway Transportation

2.3. Transportation Organizations

2.3.1. Private Transportation Companies

2.3.2. Regulatory Agencies

2.3.3. Federal Agencies

2.3.4. State and Local Agencies and Authorities

2.3.5. Trade Associations

2.3.6. Professional Societies

2.3.7. Users of Transport Services

2.4. Summary

Problems

References

Part 2. Traffic Operations

Chapter 3. Characteristics of the Driver, the Pedestrian, the Bicyclist, the Vehicle, and the Road

3.1. Driver Characteristics

3.1.1. The Human Response Process

3.2. Perception-Reaction Process

3.3. Older Drivers’ Characteristics

3.4. Pedestrian Characteristics

3.5. Bicyclists and Bicycles Characteristics

3.6. Vehicle Characteristics

3.6.1. Static Characteristics

3.6.2. Kinematic Characteristics

3.6.3. Dynamic Characteristics

3.7. Road Characteristics

3.7.1. Sight Distance

3.8. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 4. Traffic Engineering Studies

4.1. Spot Speed Studies

4.1.1. Locations for Spot Speed Studies

4.1.2. Time of Day and Duration of Spot Speed Studies

4.1.3. Sample Size for Spot Speed Studies

4.2. Volume Studies

4.3. Methods for Conducting Spot Speed and Volume Studies

4.3.1. Intrusive Methods

4.3.2. NonIntrusive Methods

4.4. Presentation and Analysis of Spot Speed Data

4.4.1. Other Forms of Presentation and Analysis of Speed Data

4.4.2. Statistical Comparison of Mean Speeds

4.5. Types of Volume Counts and Analysis of Volume Data

4.5.1. Cordon Counts

4.5.2. Screen Line Counts

4.5.3. Intersection Counts

4.5.4. Pedestrian Volume Counts

4.5.5. Periodic Volume Counts

4.5.6. Presentation and Analysis of Traffic Volume

4.5.7. Traffic Volume Characteristics

4.5.8. Sample Size and Adjustment of Periodic Counts

4.6. Travel Time and Delay Studies

4.6.1. Applications of Travel Time and Delay Data

4.6.2. Definition of Terms Related to Time and Delay Studies

4.6.3. Methods for Conducting Travel Time and Delay Studies

4.6.4. Methods Not Requiring a Test Vehicle

4.6.5. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

4.7. Parking Studies

4.7.1. Types of Parking Facilities

4.7.2. Definitions of Parking Terms

4.7.3. Methodology of Parking Studies

4.7.4. Collection of Parking Data

4.7.5. Analysis of Parking Data

4.8. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 5. Highway Safety

5.1. Issues Involved in Transportation Safety

5.1.1. Crashes or Accidents

5.1.2. What Causes Transportation Crashes?

5.1.3. Factors Involved in Highway Crashes

5.2. Strategic Highway Safety Plans

5.2.1. Network Screening Process

5.2.2. Diagnosis

5.2.3. Select Countermeasures

5.2.4. Economic Appraisal

5.2.5. Prioritize Projects

5.2.6. Safety Effectiveness Evaluation

5.3. Performance Measures

5.3.1. Average Crash Frequency

5.3.2. Crash Rates

5.3.3. Equivalent Property Damage Only (EPDO) Average Crash Frequency

5.3.4. Relative Severity Index (RSI)

5.3.5. Critical Crash Rate Factor

5.3.6. Excess Predicted Average Crash Frequency (Using Method of Moments)

5.3.7. Level of Service of Safety (LOSS)

5.3.8. Excess Predicted Average Crash Frequency Using Safety Performance Functions (SPFs)

5.3.9. Expected Average Crash Frequency with Empirical Bayes (EB) Adjustment

5.3.10. EPDO Average Crash Frequency with EB Adjustment

5.3.11. Excess Expected Average Crash Frequency with EB Adjustments

5.4. Computational Procedures for Safety Effectiveness Evaluation Methods

5.4.1. Empirical EB before and after Effectiveness Evaluation Method

5.4.2. Comparison-Group Methods

5.5. Crash Patterns

5.5.1. Expected Value Analysis

5.5.2. Cluster Analysis

5.5.3. Statistical Comparison

5.6. Effectiveness of Safety Design Features

5.7. Safety Effectiveness of Some Commonly Used Highway Design Features

5.7.1. Access Control

5.7.2. Alignment

5.7.3. Cross Sections

5.8. Safety Effects of Pedestrian Facilities

5.9. Safety Effects of Traffic Calming Strategies

5.9.1. Traffic Calming Strategies That Reduce Traffic Speeds

5.9.2. Traffic Calming Strategies That Reduce Volumes

5.10. Safety Impact of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

5.10.1. Arterial and Freeway Management Systems

5.10.2. Incident Management and Emergency Response Systems

5.10.3. Crash Prevention and Safety Strategies

5.10.4. Roadway Operations and Maintenance Systems

5.11. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 6. Fundamental Principles of Traffic Flow

6.1. Traffic Flow Elements

6.1.1. Time-Space Diagram

6.1.2. Primary Elements of Traffic Flow

6.2. Flow-Density Relationships

6.2.1. Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow

6.2.2. Mathematical Relationships Describing Traffic Flow

6.3. Shock Waves in Traffic Streams

6.3.1. Types of Shock Waves

6.3.2. Velocity of Shock Waves

6.3.3. Shock Waves and Queue Lengths Due to a Red Phase at a Signalized Intersection

6.3.4. Shock Waves and Queue Lengths Due to Temporary Speed Reduction at a Section of Highway

6.3.5. Special Cases of Shock Wave Propagation

6.4. Gap and Gap Acceptance

6.4.1. Stochastic Approach to Gap and Gap Acceptance Problems

6.5. Introduction to Queuing Theory

6.5.1. Deterministic Analysis of Queues

6.5.2. Stochastic Analyses of Queues

6.6. Summary

Problems

Chapter 7. Intersection Design

7.1. Types of At-Grade Intersections

7.1.1. T Intersections

7.1.2. Four-Leg Intersections

7.1.3. Multileg Intersections

7.1.4. Traffic Circles

7.2. Design Principles for At-Grade Intersections

7.2.1. Alignment of At-Grade Intersections

7.2.2. Profile of At-Grade Intersections

7.2.3. Curves at At-Grade Intersections

7.2.4. Channelization of At-Grade Intersections

7.2.5. Minimum Pavement Widths of Turning Roadways at At-Grade Intersections

7.2.6. Sight Distance at Intersections

7.3. Design of Railroad Grade Crossings

7.3.1. Selection of Traffic-Control Devices

7.3.2. Design of the Horizontal Alignment

7.3.3. Design of the Vertical Alignment

7.4. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 8. Intersection Control

8.1. General Concepts of Traffic Control

8.2. Conflict Points at Intersections

8.3. Types of Intersection Control

8.3.1. Yield Signs

8.3.2. Stop Signs

8.3.3. Multiway Stop Signs

8.3.4. Intersection Channelization

8.3.5. Traffic Signals

8.4. Signal Timing for Different Color Indications

8.4.1. Vehicle and Pedestrian Movements and Phase Numbering

8.4.2. Signal Timing Policies and Process

8.4.3. Objectives of Signal Timing

8.4.4. Signal Timing at Isolated Intersections

8.4.5. Concepts of Actuated Traffic Signals

8.4.6. Average Phase Duration for Actuated Traffic Signals (HCM Procedure)

8.4.7. Signal Timing of Arterial Routes

8.4.8. Time-Space Diagram

8.4.9. Signal Preemption and/or Priority

8.5. Freeway Ramps

8.5.1. Freeway Entrance Ramp Control

8.5.2. Benefits of Ramp Metering

8.6. Evaluation and Optimization of Intersection Timing Plans

8.7. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 9. Capacity and Level of Service for Highway Segments

9.1. Freeways

9.1.1. Highway Capacity Terminology and Definitions

9.1.2. Level of Service for Freeway Segments

9.1.3. Calculating the Flow Rate for a Basic Freeway Section

9.1.4. Operational Analysis Procedure for Estimating Speed ( S ) and Density ( D ) , to Determine LOS (A–F) for Basic Freeway Segments

9.2. Multilane Highways

9.2.1. Base Conditions for Multilane Highways

9.2.2. LOS for Multilane Highway Segments

9.2.3. Calculating the Flow Rate for a Multilane Highway

9.2.4. Operational Analysis Procedure for Estimating Speed ( S ) and Density ( D ) , to Determine LOS (A–F) for Multilane Highways

9.3. Two-Lane Highways

9.3.1. Base Conditions for Two-Lane Highways

9.3.2. Capacity and Level of Service for Two-Lane Highways

9.3.3. Operational Analysis to Determine LOS (A–F) for Two-Lane Highway Segments

9.3.4. Estimating the Input Values to Determine the LOS of Two-Lane Highways: For Directional Segments without Passing Lanes

9.3.5. Estimating the Input Values to Determine the LOS of Two-Lane Highways: For Directional Segments with Passing Lanes

9.3.6. LOS Assessment for Contiguous Segments of Two-Lane Highways

9.4. Summary

Problems

Reference

Chapter 9 Appendix: Tables (These Tables are for U.S. only. Specific tables by country may be required).

Chapter 10. Capacity and Level of Service at Signalized Intersections

10.1. Definitions of Some Common Terms

10.1.1. Capacity at Signalized Intersections

10.1.2. Saturation Flow or Saturation Flow Rate

10.2. Analysis Levels and Performance Measures for Level of Service at Signalized Intersections

10.3. Level of Service Criteria at Signalized Intersections

10.3.1. LOS Criteria for the Automobile Mode

10.3.2. LOS Criteria for Nonautomobile (Pedestrian and Bicycle) Modes

10.3.3. Required Input Data for the Automobile Mode

10.3.4. Required Input Data for the Nonautomobile (Pedestrian and Bicycle) Modes

10.4. Methodology of Operational Analysis for the Automobile Mode

10.4.1. Step 1. Determine Movement Groups and Lane Groups

10.4.2. Step 2. Determine Movement Group Flow Rate

10.4.3. Step 3. Determine Lane Group Flow Rate

10.4.4. Step 4. Determine Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate

10.4.5. Step 5. Determine Proportion Arriving during Green

10.4.6. Step 6. Determine Signal Phase Duration

10.4.7. Step 7. Determine Capacity and Volume-to-Capacity Ratio

10.4.8. Step 8. Determine Delay

10.4.9. Step 9. Determine LOS for the Automobile Mode

10.5. Computation of Pedestrian and Bicycle Factors ( f Lpb , f Rpb ) for Right- and Left-Turn Movements from One-Way Streets

10.5.1. Step 1. Determine Average Pedestrian Occupancy ( OCC pedg )

10.5.2. Step 2. Determine Average Bicycle Occupancy ( OCC bicg )

10.5.3. Step 3. Determine Relevant Conflict Zone Occupancy ( OCC r )

10.5.4. Step 4. Determine Unoccupied Time ( A pbT )

10.5.5. Step 5. Determine Saturation Flow Adjustment Factors for Right-Turn Movements ( f Rpb ) and for Left-Turn Movements from One-Way Streets ( f Lpb )

10.6. Computation of Pedestrians and Bicycles Factor ( f Lpb ) , for Protected or Protected-Permitted Left-Turn Movements on Two-Way Streets

10.6.1. Step 1. Compute Pedestrian Occupancy after Queue Clears ( OCC pedu )

10.6.2. Step 2. Determine Relevant Conflict Zone Occupancy ( OCC r )

10.6.3. Step 3. Determine Unoccupied Time

10.6.4. Step 4. Determine Saturation Flow Rate Adjustment Factor

10.7. Determination of Lane Group Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate

10.7.1. Shared Right-Turn and Through-Lane Groups with Permitted Operation

10.7.2. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for Shared Right-Turn and Through-Lane Group with Protected Operation

10.7.3. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for Shared Right-Turn and Through-Lane Group with Protected-Permitted Operation ( s sr , pro-per )

10.7.4. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for an Exclusive Left-Turn Lane Group with Permitted Operation

10.7.5. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for a Shared Left-Turn and Through-Lane Group with Permitted Operation

10.7.6. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for a Protected-Permitted Left Turn in an Exclusive Lane

10.7.7. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for a Protected-Permitted Left Turn in a Shared Lane

10.7.8. Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate for a Protected Left- and Right-Turn Lane Group in a Shared Lane ( s lr , pro )

10.8. Lane Group Capacity

10.8.1. Capacity of an Exclusive Left-Turn Lane Group with a Protected Operation

10.8.2. Capacity of a Permitted Left-Turn Lane Group in Exclusive Lanes

10.8.3. Capacity of a Shared Left-Turn Lane Group with Permitted Operation

10.8.4. Capacity of an Exclusive Left-Turn Lane Group with a Protected-Permitted Operation

10.8.5. Capacity of a Shared Through- and Left-Turn Lane Group with a Protected-Permitted Operation

10.9. Level of Service Computation for Pedestrian Mode

10.9.1. Step 1: Determine Street Corner Circulation Area

10.9.2. Step 2: Determine Crosswalk Circulation Area

10.9.3. Step 3: Determine Pedestrian Delay ( d p )

10.9.4. Step 4: Determine Pedestrian LOS Score for Intersection

10.9.5. Step 5: Determine Pedestrian LOS

10.10. Level of Service for Bicycle Mode

10.10.1. Step 1: Determine Bicycle Delay

10.10.2. Step 2: Determine Bicycle LOS Score for Intersection

10.10.3. Step 3: Determine LOS

10.11. Quick Estimation Method (QEM)

10.11.1. Determine Left-Turn Treatment

10.11.2. Determine Lane Volume

10.11.3. Determine Signal Timing

10.11.4. Develop Phasing Plan

10.11.5. Compute Critical Phase Volume and Lost Time

10.11.6. Compute Critical Sum and Cycle Lost Time

10.11.7. Compute Cycle Length

10.11.8. Compute Effective Green Time ( g e )

10.11.9. Determine Critical Intersection Volume-to-Capacity Ratio ( X c )

10.11.10. Determine Control Delay

10.12. Field Determination of Saturation Flow

10.13. Summary

Problems

References

Part 3. Transportation Planning

Chapter 11. The Transportation Planning Process

11.1. Basic Elements of Transportation Planning

11.1.1. Situation Definition

11.1.2. Problem Definition

11.1.3. Search for Solutions

11.1.4. Analysis of Performance

11.1.5. Evaluation of Alternatives

11.1.6. Choice of Project

11.1.7. Specification and Construction

11.2. Transportation Planning Institutions

11.2.1. Transportation Planning Organization

11.2.2. Implementation of Transportation Planning Recommendations

11.3. Urban Transportation Planning

11.3.1. Inventory of Existing Travel and Facilities

11.3.2. Establishment of Goals and Objectives

11.3.3. Generation of Alternatives

11.3.4. Estimation of Project Cost and Travel Demand

11.3.5. Evaluation of Alternatives

11.3.6. Choice of Project

11.4. Forecasting Travel

11.4.1. Defining the Study Area

11.4.2. Data Collection

11.4.3. Population and Economic Data

11.4.4. Transportation Inventories

11.4.5. Information Systems

11.4.6. Travel Surveys

11.4.7. Calibration

11.4.8. Steps in the Travel Forecasting Process

11.4.9. Transportation and Land-Use Coordination

11.4.10. Freight Planning

11.5. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 12. Forecasting Travel Demand

12.1. Demand Forecasting Approaches

12.1.1. Factors Influencing Travel Demand

12.1.2. Sequential Steps for Travel Forecasting

12.2. Trip Generation

12.2.1. Cross-Classification

12.2.2. Rates Based on Activity Units

12.2.3. Balancing Trip Productions and Attractions

12.3. Trip Distribution

12.3.1. The Gravity Model

12.3.2. Growth Factor Models

12.4. Mode Choice

12.4.1. Types of Mode Choice Models

12.4.2. Logit Models

12.5. Traffic Assignment

12.5.1. Basic Approaches

12.5.2. Capacity Restraint

12.6. Other Methods for Forecasting Demand

12.6.1. Trend Analysis

12.6.2. Demand Elasticity

12.7. Estimating Freight Demand

12.7.1. Using Trend Analysis of Freight Vehicle Travel

12.7.2. Using Commodity Flow Data to Forecast Freight Vehicle Travel

12.8. Traffic Impact Studies

12.8.1. Data Requirements for a Traffic Impact Study

12.9. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 13. Evaluating Transportation Alternatives

13.1. Basic Issues in Evaluation

13.1.1. Objectives of Evaluation

13.1.2. Identifying Project Stakeholders

13.1.3. Selecting and Measuring Evaluation Criteria

13.1.4. Measures of Effectiveness

13.1.5. Evaluation Procedures and Decision Making

13.2. Evaluation Based on Economic Criteria

13.2.1. Elements of Cost

13.2.2. Economic Evaluation Methods

13.3. Evaluation Based on Multiple Criteria

13.3.1. Rating and Ranking

13.3.2. Cost Effectiveness

13.3.3. Evaluation as a Fact-Finding Process

13.3.4. Tradeoff and Balance-Sheet Approaches

13.3.5. Evaluation of Completed Projects

13.3.6. Evaluating Effects of Transportation on Social and Natural Systems

13.4. Summary

Problems

References

Part 4. Location, Geometrics, and Drainage

Chapter 14. Highway Surveys and Location

14.1. Principles of Highway Location

14.1.1. Office Study of Existing Information

14.1.2. Reconnaissance Survey

14.1.3. Preliminary Location Survey

14.1.4. Final Location Survey

14.1.5. Location of Recreational and Scenic Routes

14.1.6. Location of Highways in Urban Areas

14.1.7. Principles of Bridge Location

14.2. Highway Survey Methods

14.2.1. Ground Surveys

14.2.2. Digital Survey Advancements

14.2.3. Remote Sensing

14.2.4. Computer Graphics

14.3. Highway Earthwork and Final Plans

14.3.1. Highway Grades and Terrain

14.3.2. Preparation of Highway Plans

14.4. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 15. Geometric Design of Highway Facilities

15.1. Factors Influencing Highway Design

15.1.1. Highway Functional Classification

15.1.2. Highway Design Standards

15.2. Design of the Alignment

15.2.1. Vertical Alignment

15.2.2. Length of Crest and Sag Vertical Curves Based on K Factors

15.2.3. Horizontal Alignment

15.3. Special Facilities for Heavy Vehicles on Steep Grades

15.3.1. Climbing Lanes

15.3.2. Emergency Escape Ramps

15.4. Bicycle Facilities

15.4.1. Bicycle Lanes

15.4.2. Bicycle Paths

15.5. Parking Facilities

15.5.1. Design of On-Street Parking Facilities

15.5.2. Design of Off-Street Parking Facilities—Surface Car Parks

15.5.3. Design of Off-Street Parking Facilities—Garages

15.6. Computer Use in Geometric Design

15.7. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 16. Highway Drainage

16.1. Surface Drainage

16.1.1. Transverse Slopes

16.1.2. Longitudinal Slopes

16.1.3. Longitudinal Channels

16.1.4. Curbs and Gutters

16.2. Highway Drainage Structures

16.2.1. Major Structures

16.2.2. Minor Structures

16.3. Sediment and Erosion Control

16.3.1. Intercepting Drains

16.3.2. Curbs and Gutters

16.3.3. Turf Cover

16.3.4. Slope and Channel Linings

16.3.5. Erosion Control during Construction

16.4. Hydrologic Considerations

16.4.1. Determination of Runoff

16.5. Unit Hydrographs

16.5.1. Computer Models for Highway Drainage

16.5.2. National Peak-Flow Data

16.6. Hydraulic Design of Highway Drainage Structures

16.6.1. Design of Open Channels

16.6.2. Design of Culverts

16.7. Subsurface Drainage

16.7.1. Effect of Inadequate Subdrainage

16.7.2. Highway Subdrainage Systems

16.7.3. Design of Subsurface Drainage

16.7.4. Design of Drainage Layer

16.7.5. Design of Longitudinal Collectors

16.7.6. Economic Analysis

16.8. Summary

Problems

References

Additional Reading

Part 5. Materials and Pavements

Chapter 17. Soil Engineering for Highway Design

17.1. Soil Characteristics

17.1.1. Origin and Formation of Soils

17.1.2. Surface Texture

17.2. Basic Engineering Properties of Soils

17.2.1. Phase Relations

17.2.2. Atterberg Limits

17.3. Classification of Soils for Highway Use

17.3.1. AASHTO Soil Classification System

17.3.2. Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

17.4. Soil Surveys for Highway Construction

17.4.1. Geophysical Methods of Soil Exploration

17.5. Soil Compaction

17.5.1. Optimum Moisture Content

17.5.2. Field Compaction Procedures and Equipment

17.6. Special Soil Tests for Pavement Design

17.6.1. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test

17.6.2. Hveem Stabilometer Test

17.7. Frost Action in Soils

17.8. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 18. Bituminous Materials

18.1. Sources of Asphalt

18.1.1. Natural Deposits

18.1.2. Petroleum Asphalt

18.2. Description and Uses of Bituminous Binders

18.2.1. Asphalt Cements

18.2.2. Asphalt Cutbacks

18.2.3. Emulsified Asphalts

18.2.4. Air-Blown Asphalts

18.2.5. Road Tars

18.3. Properties of Asphalt Materials

18.3.1. Consistency

18.3.2. Aging and Temperature Sustainability

18.3.3. Rate of Curing

18.3.4. Resistance to Water Action

18.3.5. Temperature Effect on Volume of Asphaltic Materials

18.4. Tests for Asphalt Materials

18.4.1. Consistency Tests

18.4.2. Penetration Test

18.4.3. Float Test

18.4.4. Ring-and-Ball Softening Point Test

18.4.5. Durability Tests

18.4.6. Rate of Curing

18.4.7. Rheological Tests

18.4.8. Other General Tests

18.5. Asphalt Mixtures

18.5.1. Hot-Mix, Hot-Laid Asphalt Mixture

18.5.2. Hot-Mix, Cold-Laid Asphalt Mixture

18.5.3. Cold-Mix, Cold-Laid Asphalt Mixture

18.6. Superpave Systems

18.6.1. Selection of Materials

18.6.2. Volumetric Trial Mixture Design

18.7. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 19. Design of Flexible Highway Pavements

19.1. Structural Components of a Flexible Pavement

19.1.1. Subgrade (Prepared Roadbed)

19.1.2. Subbase Course

19.1.3. Base Course

19.1.4. Surface Course

19.2. Soil Stabilization

19.2.1. Cement Stabilization

19.2.2. Asphalt Stabilization

19.2.3. Lime Stabilization

19.3. General Principles of Flexible Pavement Design

19.3.1. AASHTO Design Method

19.3.2. California (Hveem) Design Method

19.3.3. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design

19.4. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 20. Design of Rigid Pavements

20.1. Materials Used in Rigid Pavements

20.1.1. Portland Cement

20.1.2. Coarse Aggregates

20.1.3. Fine Aggregates

20.1.4. Water

20.1.5. Reinforcing Steel

20.1.6. Temperature Steel

20.1.7. Dowel Bars

20.1.8. Tie Bars

20.2. Joints in Concrete Pavements

20.2.1. Expansion Joints

20.2.2. Contraction Joints

20.2.3. Hinge Joints

20.2.4. Construction Joints

20.3. Types of Rigid Highway Pavements

20.3.1. Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP)

20.3.2. Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP)

20.3.3. Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP)

20.4. Pumping of Rigid Pavements

20.4.1. Design Considerations for Preventing Pumping

20.5. Stresses in Rigid Pavements

20.5.1. Stresses Induced by Bending

20.5.2. Stresses Due to Traffic Wheel Loads

20.5.3. Stresses Due to Temperature Effects

20.6. Thickness Design of Rigid Pavements

20.6.1. AASHTO Design Method as Given in AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures

20.6.2. Alternate AASHTO Design Method as Given in Supplement to AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, Part II, Rigid Pavement Design and Rigid Pavement Joint Design

20.6.3. PCA Design Method

20.6.4. Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide (MEPDG) Method

20.7. Summary

Problems

References

Chapter 21. Pavement Management

21.1. Problems of Highway Rehabilitation

21.1.1. Approaches to Pavement Management

21.1.2. Levels of Pavement Management

21.1.3. Importance of Pavement Condition Data

21.2. Methods for Determining Roadway Condition

21.2.1. Pavement Roughness

21.2.2. Pavement Distress

21.2.3. Pavement Structural Condition

21.2.4. Skid Resistance

21.2.5. Intelligent Transportation Systems and Pavement Condition Monitoring

21.3. Pavement Condition Prediction

21.3.1. Deterministic Models

21.3.2. Probabilistic Models

21.4. Pavement Rehabilitation

21.4.1. Rehabilitation Techniques and Strategies

21.4.2. Alternatives for Repair and Rehabilitation

21.4.3. Expert Systems as a Tool to Select Maintenance and Rehabilitation Strategies

21.5. Pavement Rehabilitation Programming

21.5.1. Condition Assessment

21.5.2. Priority Assessment Models

21.5.3. Optimization Techniques

21.6. GIS and Pavement Management

21.7. Summary

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