Understanding and Managing Parental Alienation 1st Edition by Janet Haines, Mandy Matthewson, Marcus Turnbull 0367312948 9780367312947

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ISBN 10: 0367312948

ISBN 13: 9780367312947

Author: Janet Haines, Mandy Matthewson, Marcus Turnbull

In Understanding and Managing Parental Alienation: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention, Janet Haines, Mandy Matthewson and Marcus Turnbull offer a comprehensive analysis of contemporary understanding of parental alienation. Grounded in recent scientific advances, this is the first book of its kind providing resources on how to identify parental alienation and a guide to evidence-based intervention. Parental alienation is a process in which one parent manipulates their child to negatively perceive and reject the other parent. Recognising this phenomenon and knowing when to intervene is often the biggest challenge faced by practitioners and this book provides a guide to this process. Divided into six parts, it examines what parental alienation is and how it is caused, how it affects each family member as a mental health concern and form of violence, and how to assess, identify and intervene successfully from a legal and therapy standpoint. Taking on a gender-neutral approach, the book is filled with contemporary case examples from male and female perspectives, cutting-edge research, practitioner-client dialogues, and practitioners’ reflections to show the difficult realities of parental alienation. Practical and accessible, this is an essential resource for mental health professionals working with families experiencing parental alienation, as well as postgraduate students of clinical psychology, counselling, family therapy, social work, and child and family psychology. This book will also be of immense interest to family lawyers and mediators due to its multidisciplinary approach.

 Understanding and Managing Parental Alienation 1st Table of contents:

Part One The nature of parental alienation

Chapter One What is parental alienation?

Introduction

Parental alienation

Parents’ behaviour affects children’s wellbeing

Children’s rejection of a parent

Parental alienation and the alienated family

What is parental alienation?

The consequences of parental alienation

Is there something broken in the parent–child relationship?

When does parental alienation occur?

How often does parental alienation occur?

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Two The great syndrome debate

Introduction

Gardner’s parental alienation syndrome

Criticisms of parental alienation syndrome

Inadequate evidence base

Inadequate theoretical foundation

Misinterpretation of a child’s normal reactions

Validity of child sexual abuse allegations

Over-estimation of threat to child of parental alienation

Errors in suggesting the primary cause is the alienating parent

Inappropriate remedies

Parental alienation without the syndrome

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Three Processes underlying parental alienation

Introduction

Psychologically abusive group processes

Isolation

Control and manipulation of behaviour

Control over personal life

Emotional abuse

Indoctrination in an absolute belief system

Imposition of a single and extraordinary authority

Parent–child relationship patterns

Adultification

Parentification

Infantilisation

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Four Parental alienation as a mental disorder

Introduction

Parental alienation as a psychiatric disorder

Criticisms of the notion of a disorder

1. Insufficient evidence base for parental alienation.

2. The label of a mental illness has detrimental effects on the recipient of the diagnosis.

3. Those seeking to classify parental alienation as a mental disorder are driven by needs other than those associated with the greater good.

4. The rejection of Gardner’s parental alienation syndrome.

Other psychological conceptualisations

Who should be diagnosed?

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Five Parental alienation as a form of family violence

Introduction

Theories of family violence: A brief overview

Feminist theory

Family systems theory

Attachment theory

Social learning theory

Psychopathology

What does the law say about family violence?

Is parental alienation family violence against children?

Is parental alienation family violence against targeted parents?

Concluding comments

References

Part Two The alienated family

Chapter Six Alienating parents

Introduction

Categories of alienating parents

Characteristics of alienating parents

Problematic personality traits

Abnormal grief reaction

Externalisation of responsibility

Family of origin

Deflection of attention from own problems

Poor relationship history

Desire for control

Desire for vengeance

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Seven Targeted parents

Introduction

Characteristics of targeted parents

History of passivity, emotional constriction and over-accommodation

Tendency to avoid self-assertion

Potential for distress in response to alienating tactics

Possible willingness to justify alienating parent’s strategies

Withdrawal from high conflict

Rejection of the child in response to the child’s rejection

Inflexible parenting style

Understanding targeted parents’ characteristics

Campaign of degradation of the parent–child relationships

Gradual decrease in time spent with the alienated child

Ongoing sabotage of the parent–child relationship

False accusations of abuse

Involvement of the alienating parents’ extended family

Perceived reasons for the alienation campaign

Consequences of the alienation campaign

Loss of parenting role

Feelings of injustice

Personal costs

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Eight Alienated children

Introduction

Children at risk of alienation

Psychological consequences

Poor self-esteem

Depression

Feelings of guilt and shame

Alcohol and drug use

Relationship consequences

Lack of trust

Subsequent alienation from own children

Partner selection

Relationship breakdowns

Other problems

School-related difficulties

Search for identity

Self-sufficiency failure

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Nine Other family members

Introduction

Other targeted family members

The new partner

Forgotten grandparents

Other family members as alienators

The new partner in crime

Grandparents in arms

How can other family members help?

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Ten Outside forces

Introduction

The legal system as an outside force

Time is of the essence

Family court consultants and single expert witnesses

What can be done?

The role of education systems

Parental alienation in schools

What can be done?

Child protection services

Being seduced by the story or evidence-based opinion

When child protection services is the alienator

What can be done?

Concluding comments

References

Part Three Assessment of parental alienation

Chapter Eleven Assessing alienating parents

Introduction

Identifying alienating parents

Tactics of alienating parents

Tactics associated with the targeted parent

Denigration of the targeted parent

Vilification of the targeted parent

Interference with time spent with the targeted parent

Eradication of the targeted parent from the child’s life

Information gatekeeping

Tactics associated with the alienated child

Interrogation of the alienated child

Damage to the loving connection with the targeted parent

Inappropriate disclosure about the targeted parent

Encouraging child defiance

Tactics associated with the alienating parent

Forcing loyalty to the alienating parent

Encouraging an unhealthy alliance

Emotional manipulation

Utilising outside forces

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Twelve Assessing targeted parents

Introduction

Assessing psychological wellbeing

Assessing suicide risk

Suicide risk factors

Past psychiatric history

Current mental illness

Comorbidity

Family relationship disturbance

Recent suicide of somebody close

Childhood physical/sexual abuse

Unipolar depressive disorder

Hopelessness

Worthlessness

Drug/alcohol abuse/dependence

Impulsivity

Self-injury

Suicidal ideation

Prior suicide attempt

Stressful life events

Social isolation

Suicide risk assessment

Risk of child abuse offending

Perpetrators of physical abuse

Perpetrators of neglect

Perpetrators of sexual abuse

Perpetrators of emotional abuse

Fatal child abuse

Assessing violence risk

Approach to violence risk assessment

Static factors

Dynamic factors

Speculative factors

Risk factors associated with family violence

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Thirteen Assessing alienated children

Introduction

Identifying alienated children

Expression of negative views about the targeted parent

Extreme and opposite views about parents

Situationally determined changes in the child’s behaviour

Denial of positive regard for the targeted parent

Distorted views about the targeted parent

False memories or accounts of events not experienced

Lack of concern about internal inconsistency of information provided

Relating targeted parent’s faults as a litany

Fear response

Dependent or symbiotic relationship with alienating parent

Compliant with adults other than targeted parent

Believes alienating parent persecuted by targeted parent

Lack of empathy for plight of targeted parent

Targeted parent holds no important position

Rigidity of belief system regarding targeted parent

Independent thinker phenomenon

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Fourteen Assessing dysfunctional family interaction patterns

Introduction

Approaching family assessment for intervention purposes

Models of family functioning and attachment

Minuchin and family stress

McMaster model of family functioning

Circumplex model of family cohesion

Attachment theory

Assessment tools

Best practice in family assessment

Concluding comments

References

Part Four The alienated family: A legal perspective

Chapter Fifteen Parental alienation in the courts

Introduction

The nature of parental alienation in the legal system

The size of the problem in family law

Lawyers’ and the courts’ approach to parental alienation cases

Lawyer and client relationship in alienation cases

Involvement of the alienated child in proceedings

The views of the child and parental alienation

Case – Views of the child

Comment

The need for a legal response to parental alienation

The need to resolve parental alienation

Collaboration between law and psychology

The nature of the legal response to parental alienation

Legal responses to parental alienation

Court support for psychological intervention

Court orders for psychological intervention

Case comparison

Case A: Parental alienation

Introduction and background

Legal considerations

Parenting orders

Case B: No parental alienation

Introduction and background

Relevant evidence

Exhibits

Child inclusive conference

The family report

Relevant issues

Parenting orders

Comparison between cases

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Sixteen Parental alienation and parenting dispute evaluations

Introduction

Do no harm

Approach to evaluation

Neutral position

Information gathering

Hypothesis building

Hypothesis testing

Opinion formulation

Approach to interviewing

Interviewing parents

Starting point

Interviewing style

Detection of deceptive responding

Challenge skills

Interviewing children

Starting point

Interviewing style

Detection of deceptive responding

Challenge skills

Interviewing others

Starting point

Interviewing style

Detection of deceptive responding

Challenge skills

Parent–child observations

Organising observations

Conducting observations

Usefulness of observations

Use of collateral information

Information provided in documents

Information from teachers

Information from health professionals

Information from mental health professionals

Police records

Other information

Role of the expert witness

Expert witness

Roles when offering opinions

Court-appointed single expert

Expert for one party

Critiquing the work of others

Advisor

Parenting dispute evaluation issues

Complexity of cases

Lives with/spends time with orders

The notion of meaningful time

Willingness to facilitate contact with the other parent

Shared care

Equal shared parental responsibility

Views expressed by the child

Dispute issues relevant to parental alienation

The role of conflict

Child abuse and family law

Formulating your opinion

Formulating a response

Reconciling opposing accounts

Evidence base for opinion

Remember your audience

Effect of your opinion

Openness to additional information

Cross-examination of opinion

Concluding comments

References

Part Five Intervention with alienated families

Chapter Seventeen The need for intervention

Introduction

To intervene or not to intervene? What does the research say?

What are the intervention options?

The evidence for interventions

Consequences of no intervention

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Eighteen Family therapy and beyond

Introduction

The essential ingredients

Psychoeducation

Critical thinking

Improving the targeted parent–child relationship

Preparing the alienating parent for an improvement in the targeted parent–child relationship

Establish healthy boundaries and communication within the family

Strict visitation schedules

Collaborating for effective outcomes

Ethical dilemmas and pitfalls

Boundaries

Informed consent and signed contractual agreements

Confidentiality in the face of reportable work

Working with multiple clients

Record keeping

When the subpoena comes

Complaints

Self-care

Concluding comments

References

Chapter Nineteen Individual therapy with each family member

Introduction

Working with targeted parents

Knowledge is a double-edged sword

The hard road or the hard road?

Time to grieve

When the targeted parent met cognitive behavioural therapy

Preparing for reunification

A word of caution

Working with alienating parents

There are alliances and then there are alliances

Education

Shifting locus of control

When the alienating parent met dialectical behaviour therapeutic strategies

Risk assessment and a word of caution

Working with children

Beware of an alliance with falsehood

Armour of coping skills

Words of wisdom

Working with adults alienated during childhood

Understanding the confusion

Dealing with trauma

Supporting through reunification

Concluding comments

References

Part Six Identifying parental alienation

Chapter Twenty A decision-making process

Introduction

Characteristics of alienating parents

Problematic personality traits

Abnormal grief reaction

Externalisation of responsibility

Family of origin

Deflection of attention from own problems

Poor relationship history

Desire for control

Desire for vengeance

Alienating tactics by alienating parents

Denigration associated with the targeted parent

Vilification of the targeted parent

Interference with time spent with the targeted parent

Eradication of the targeted parent from the child’s life

Information gatekeeping

Interrogation of the alienated child

Damage to the loving connection with the targeted parent

Inappropriate disclosure about the targeted parent

Encouraging child defiance

Forcing loyalty to the alienating parent

Encouraging an unhealthy alliance

Emotional manipulation

Utilising outside forces

Presentation of the alienated child

Expression of negative views about the targeted parent

Extreme and opposite views about parents

Situationally determined changes in the child’s behaviour

Denial of positive regard for the targeted parent

Distorted views about the targeted parent

False memories or accounts of events not experienced

Lack of concern about internal inconsistency of information provided

A litany of complaints about the targeted parent

Fear response

Dependent or symbiotic relationship with alienating parent

Compliant with adults other than targeted parent

Believes alienating parent persecuted by targeted parent

Lack of empathy for plight of targeted parent

Targeted parent holds no important position in child’s life

Rigidity of belief system regarding targeted parent

Independent thinker phenomenon

Characteristics of targeted parents

History of passivity, emotional constriction and over-accommodation

Tendency to avoid self-assertion

Potential for distress in response to alienating tactics

Possible willingness to justify alienating parent’s strategies

Withdrawal from high conflict

Rejection of the child in response to the child’s rejection

Inflexible parenting style

Consequences of alienation campaign for targeted parents

Loss of parenting role

Feelings of injustice

Personal costs

Degradation of the parent–child relationship

Escalation of parental alienation

Gradual decrease in time spent with alienated child

Dysfunctional family interaction patterns

Family stress

Inability to achieve family tasks

Lack of cohesion and flexibility

Insecure attachment styles

Concluding comments

Chapter Twenty-One Where to from here?

Introduction

Future directions

The nature of parental alienation

Alienated family members

Assessment

Intervention

Collaboration of psychology and the legal system

Concluding comments

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