Understanding Solid State Physics 2nd Edition by Sharon Ann Holgate 0367249855 9780367249854

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ISBN 10: 0367249855

ISBN 13: 9780367249854

Author: Sharon Ann Holgate

Keeping the mathematics to a minimum yet losing none of the required rigor, Understanding Solid State Physics, Second Edition clearly explains basic physics principles to provide a firm grounding in the subject. This new edition has been fully updated throughout, with recent developments and literature in the field, including graphene and the use of quasicrystalline materials, in addition to featuring new journalistic boxes and the reciprocal lattice. The author underscores the technological applications of the physics discussed and emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of scientific research. After introducing students to solid state physics, the text examines the various ways in which atoms bond together to form crystalline and amorphous solids. It also describes the measurement of mechanical properties and the means by which the mechanical properties of solids can be altered or supplemented for particular applications. The author discusses how electromagnetic radiation interacts with the periodic array of atoms that make up a crystal and how solids react to heat on both atomic and macroscopic scales. She then focuses on conductors, insulators, semiconductors, and superconductors, including some basic semiconductor devices. The final chapter addresses the magnetic properties of solids as well as applications of magnets and magnetism. This accessible textbook provides a useful introduction to solid state physics for undergraduates who feel daunted by a highly mathematical approach. By relating the theories and concepts to practical applications, it shows how physics is used in the real world. Key features: Fully updated throughout, with new journalistic boxes and recent applications Uses an accessible writing style and format, offering journalistic accounts of interesting research, worked examples, self-test questions, and a helpful glossary of frequently used terms Highlights various technological applications of physics, from locomotive lights to medical scanners to USB flash drives A Solutions Manual is available for qualifying course adoptions and can be requested under the Support Material tab. There is also a dedicated Companion Website available with further student and instructor resources.

Understanding Solid State Physics 2nd Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Crystal Clear: Bonding and Crystal Structures

2.1 Bonding in Solids

2.1.1 Electrons in Atoms

2.1.2 Ionic Bonding

Attraction and Repulsion

Cohesive Energy

2.1.3 Covalent Bonding

2.1.4 Metallic Bonding

2.1.5 van der Waals Bonding

2.1.6 Hydrogen Bonding

2.1.7 Mixed Bonding

2.2 Crystalline Solids

2.2.1 Describing Crystal Structures

Lattice and Basis

Unit Cells

Bravais Lattices and Crystal Systems

2.2.2 Crystalline Structures

Simple Cubic Structure

Body-Centred Cubic Structure

Face-Centred Cubic Structure

Caesium Chloride Structure

Sodium Chloride Structure

Zincblende Structure

Diamond Structure

Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure

Tetragonal Structure

Orthorhombic Structure

The Trigonal, Triclinic, and Monoclinic Structures

2.2.3 Quasicrystals

2.2.4 Liquid Crystals

2.2.5 Allotropes and Polymorphs

2.2.6 Single Crystals and Polycrystals

2.2.7 Graphene

2.2.8 Directions, Planes, and Atomic Coordinates

Directions

Planes

Atomic Coordinates

2.2.9 More on Lattices

Definition of Primitive Vectors

Primitive Vectors of Various Structures

Further Reading

Selected Questions from Questions and Answers Manual

Chapter 3 The Rejection of Perfection: Defects, Amorphous Materials, and Polymers

3.1 Defects

3.1.1 Point Defects

Schottky Defects, Frenkel Defects, and Impurities

Colour Centres

Nonstoichiometry

Other Defects

3.1.2 Dislocations

Edge Dislocations and Screw Dislocations

Dislocations and Crystal Growth

Dislocation Density

Stacking Faults

3.2 Amorphous Materials

3.2.1 Structure of Amorphous Materials

3.2.2 Models of Amorphous Structures

Dense Random Packing of Hard Spheres Model

Continuous Random Network Model

Defects in Amorphous Solids

3.2.3 Glasses

3.2.4 Preparation of Amorphous Materials

Thermal Evaporation

Sputtering

Glow-Discharge Decomposition

Chemical Vapour Deposition

3.3 Polymers

3.3.1 Structure of Polymers

Bonding in Polymers

Polymerization

Crystallinity

3.3.2 Thermoplastics

3.3.3 Thermosets

3.3.4 Elastomers

3.3.5 Additives

Further Reading

Selected Questions from Questions and Answers Manual

Chapter 4 The Right Stuff: Choosing the Best Material for the Job

4.1 Introduction to Macroscopic Properties of Solids

4.1.1 Stress and Strain

Stress–Strain Curves

How Bonding Affects Mechanical Properties

4.1.2 Plastic Deformation

Slip

Amorphous Materials and Polymers

4.1.3 Testing, Testing

Bend Tests

Tensile Testing

Impact Tests

Virtual Testing

4.1.4 Elasticity

Moduli of Elasticity

Poisson’s Ratio

Atomic Movement

4.1.5 Hardness

4.2 Tailoring Materials for Specific Applications

4.2.1 Alloys and Composites

Alloys

Composites

4.2.2 Altering the Mechanical Properties of a Solid

4.3 Recycling

4.3.1 The Need for Recycling

4.3.2 Recycled Products

Further Reading

Selected Questions from Questions and Answers Manual

Chapter 5 In, Out, Shake It All About: Diffraction, Phonons, and Thermal Properties of Solids

5.1 Diffraction

5.1.1 Propagation of Electromagnetic Radiation

Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves

5.1.2 How Waves Interact with Crystalline Solids

The Bragg Law

Atomic Scattering Factor

Structure Factor

5.1.3 Obtaining X-ray Diffraction Patterns

Laue Method

Rotating Crystal Method

Powder Method

5.1.4 The Reciprocal Lattice

5.1.5 The Relationship between X-ray Diffraction and the Reciprocal Lattice

5.1.6 Electron and Neutron Diffraction

LEED and RHEED

5.2 Lattice Vibrations and Phonons

5.2.1 Atomic Vibrations in Crystalline Solids

Longitudinal and Transverse Waves in Solids

5.2.2 Phonons

5.3 Thermal Properties

5.3.1 Specific Heat

Definition

Specific Heat at Different Temperatures

5.3.2 Thermal Conductivity

5.3.3 Thermal Expansion

Coefficients of Expansion

Thermal Stresses

Further Reading

Selected Questions from Questions and Answers Manual

Chapter 6 Unable to Resist: Metals, Semiconductors, and Superconductors

6.1 Free-Electron Models of Electrical Conduction

6.1.1 Overview of Electrical Conduction

Conductivity and Resistivity

Origins of the Resistivity

Electron Mean Free Path

Wiedemann–Franz Law

6.1.2 Drude’s Classical Free-Electron Model

6.1.3 Pauli’s Quantum Free-Electron Model

States of the Free-Electron Model

Fermi Energy

E-k Relationship

Effective Mass

Fermi Surfaces

Electronic Contribution to the Specific Heat

6.2 Energy Band Formation

6.2.1 Nearly Free-Electron Model

6.2.2 Tight-Binding Model

6.3 Simple Band Theory

6.3.1 Application of Band Theory to Real Solids

Energy Band Formation for a Conductor

Energy Bands for Insulators

Conduction in Polymers

6.3.2 Density of States in Energy Bands

6.4 Elemental and Compound Semiconductors

6.4.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors

Conductivity of Intrinsic Semiconductors

Intrinsic Carrier Concentrations

Doping to Produce n-type and p-type Semiconductors

Majority and Minority Carriers

The Fermi Level in Intrinsic Semiconductors

The Fermi Level in Extrinsic Semiconductors

More on Carrier Concentrations

6.4.2 Motion of Charge Carriers in Semiconductors

Drift Velocity

Thermal Velocity

Overall Motion

Conductivity

Diffusion

6.5 Superconductivity

6.5.1 Introduction to Superconductivity

Type I and Type II Superconductors

High-Temperature Superconductors

The Meissner Effect

Thermal Properties

BCS Theory

6.5.2 Superconductor Technology

Superconducting Magnets

Maglev Trains

Future Applications

References

Selected Questions from Questions and Answers Manual

Chapter 7 Chips with Everything: Semiconductor Devices and Dielectrics

7.1 Introduction to Semiconductor Devices

7.1.1 p-n Junctions

Forming a p-n Junction

Unbiased Junction in Thermal Equilibrium

Reverse Bias

Forward Bias

Rectification

Breakdown

7.1.2 Bipolar Junction Transistors

7.1.3 Field-Effect Transistors

Enhancement-Mode MOSFETs

Depletion-Mode MOSFETs

CMOS

Thin-Film Transistors

7.2 Optoelectronic Devices

7.2.1 Interaction between Light and Semiconductors

Optical Absorption, Spontaneous Emission, and Stimulated Emission

Direct Gap and Indirect Gap Semiconductors

7.2.2 LEDs

7.2.3 Semiconductor Lasers

7.2.4 Heterostructures

7.2.5 Solar Cells

7.2.6 MOS Capacitor

7.3 Device Manufacture

7.3.1 Crystal Growth

Czochralski Technique

Bridgman Technique

Floating Zone Method

7.3.2 Epitaxial Growth Methods

Vapour-Phase Epitaxy

Liquid-Phase Epitaxy

Molecular Beam Epitaxy

7.3.3 Deposition

Chemical Vapour Deposition

7.3.4 Lithography

7.3.5 Doping Semiconductors

Diffusion

Ion Implantation

7.4 Dielectrics

7.4.1 Introduction to Dielectrics

Electric Dipoles

Polarisation

7.4.2 Ferroelectricity

Capacitors

7.4.3 Piezoelectricity

References

Selected Questions from Questions and Answers Manual

Chapter 8 Living in a Magnetic World: Magnetism and Its Applications

8.1 Introduction to Magnetism

8.1.1 The Origins of Magnetism

8.1.2 Magnetic Properties and Quantities

Magnetic Flux Density

Permeability

Magnetisation

Magnetic Susceptibility

8.2 Types of Magnetism

8.2.1 Diamagnetism

8.2.2 Paramagnetism

Atomic Paramagnetism

Pauli Paramagnetism

Overall Magnetism

8.2.3 Ferromagnetism

Formation of Domains

Changes to Domain Structure due to the Application of a Magnetic Field

Hysteresis

Paramagnetic Region

8.2.4 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism

Antiferromagnetism

Ferrimagnetism

8.3 Technological Applications of Magnets and Magnetism

8.3.1 Solenoids

8.3.2 Electromagnets

8.3.3 Permanent Magnets

8.3.4 Magnetic Resonance

8.3.5 Magnetic Recording

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