The Neuroscience of Depression Features Diagnosis and Treatment 1st Edition by Colin R Martin, Lan Anh Hunter, Vinood B Patel, Victor R Preedy, Rajkumar Rajendram ISBN 9780128179338 0128179333

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ISBN 10: 0128179333
ISBN 13: 9780128179338
Author: Colin R Martin, Lan Anh Hunter, Vinood B Patel, Victor R Preedy, Rajkumar Rajendram

The Neuroscience of Depression: Features, Diagnosis and Treatment, is a comprehensive reference to the diagnosis and treatment of depression. This book provides readers with the mechanisms of depression reflecting on the interplay between depression and the biological and psychosocial processes. A detailed introduction to various episodes of depression, from PTSD to post-partum depression is provided, followed by a thorough discussion on biomarkers in depression and how to diagnose depression including the Hamilton Depression Rating scale. This book also includes three full sections on treatment options for depression, including pharmacological, behavioral and other novel regimes. The Neuroscience of Depression: Features, Diagnosis and Treatment is the only resource for researchers and practitioners studying, diagnosis and treating of depression.

• Covers a pharmacological and behavioral treatment options
• Features sections on diagnosis and biomarkers of depression
• Discusses depression in children, teens and adults
• Contains information on comorbidity of physical and mental conditions
• Includes more than 250 illustrations and tables

The Neuroscience of Depression Features Diagnosis and Treatment 1st Edition Table of contents:

Part I: Depression: Introductory chapters

Chapter 1: Clinical staging in depression

Abstract

Introduction

Clinical staging in depression

Clinical staging and progression in depression

Clinical staging and treatment-resistant depression

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 2: Neurodevelopmental theory of depression

Abstract

Introduction

Early childhood experience and personality traits

The affective and rational system—The basis for personality formation

Emotional immunity or immune emotionality?—The key to understanding depression

Mother’s fear as well as grandmother’s fear as a source of depression

Early childhood trauma

Glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis—Epigenetics again?

Personality of the 21st century

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 3: Depression after pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction

Epidemiology

Consequences of postpartum depression

Neurobiological basis of PPD

Management of PPD

Prevention of PPD

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 4: Modeling maternal depression during pregnancy: Rodent models of major depressive disorder with peripartum onset

Abstract

Introduction

Characteristics of animal models of maternal depression

Face validity of animal models of maternal depression; symptoms and other physiological markers that resemble those found in humans and are used to verify the model

Construct validity of maternal models of depression: The mode of induction of depression

Predictive validity of rodent models of maternal depression: Response to antidepressants

Summary of studies addressing the impact of maternal depression on preadolescent and adolescent offspring

Future animal models of maternal depression

Conclusions

Key facts of maternal depression during pregnancy

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 5: Depression in mothers and mental health in their children: Impact, risk factors, and interventions

Abstract

Introduction

Effects of maternal depression on mental health of children

Risk factors

Interventions to reduce the impact of maternal depression on children

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 6: The neuroscience of depression: Mechanisms and treatments

Abstract

Introduction

Overview of depression in students

Screening depression

Treatment and management

Risk behaviors in students

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 7: Depression in disasters and traumatic events

Abstract

Introduction

Clinical diagnosis and standardized assessment instruments for depression

Depression after natural disasters and traumatic events

Consequences of depression after natural disasters and traumatic events

Causes and risk factors of depression

Biological factors and depression after disaster events

Implications and suggestions

Key facts of depression

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 8: Depression and associated Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Introduction

Coexistence of depression and Alzheimer’s disease

Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Chronic inflammation in depression and Alzheimer’s disease

Alteration in monoamines level

TGF signaling

Long-term potentiation alteration

Oxidative stress

Therapeutic management of AD

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 9: Comorbidities of depression and Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Introduction

Depression in Parkinson’s disease

Pathophysiology of stress leading to depression

Biochemical scheme of depression

Coexistence of Parkinson’ disease and depression

5HT receptors and Parkinson’s disease

Role of serotonin in depression associated with Parkinson’s disease

Clinically available serotonergic drugs

Noradrenergic systems in the central nervous system

The locus coeruleus (LC)

Role of NA in PD symptoms

Indication for the interaction between DA and NA in PD

The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system in PD

Conclusion

Key facts of comorbidities of depression and Parkinson’s disease

Mini-dictionary of terms

Summary points

Chapter 10: Understanding the relationship between depression and alcohol among students

Abstract

Introduction

Examining the association between alcohol and depression in students

Influence of mental health on alcohol and depression

Influence of sociodemographic variables on alcohol and depression

Influence of drinking motives on alcohol and depression

Other drinking motives and its relationship with depressive symptoms

Key facts of alcohol and depression among students

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 11: Depression in obesity

Abstract

Introduction

Obesity

Depression in obesity

Cross-sectional or prospective studies

Systematic reviews

Conclusion

Key facts of obese people in bariatric surgeries

Summary points

Examples of mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 12: Heart rate variability and depression

Abstract

Introduction

HRV measurement

Association of depression and HRV

HRV in depression and cardiovascular comorbidity

The effect of antidepressants on HRV

HRV and response to depression treatment

Treating depression by intervention on the autonomic system

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 13: Neuroinflammation and depression

Abstract

General aspects of neuroinflammation

Evidence about neuroinflammation in depression

Mechanisms whereby neuroinflammation leads to alterations in brain structure/function in depression: Lessons from animal models

Peripheral inflammation and brain function in depression

Possible origins of increased neuroinflammation in depression

Neuroinflammation-related mediators as biomarkers of depression

Neuroinflammation as commonplace for stress and depression

Anti-inflammatory effects of antidepressants

Antiinflammatory agents in depression

Clinical implications and future research

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 14: Interlinking antidepressants and the immune system

Abstract

Introduction

The immune system in the depression

Influence of antidepressants on the immune system

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Conclusions

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Part II: Biomarkers and diagnosis

Chapter 15: Assessment scoring tools of depression

Abstract

Introduction

Comments

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 16: The Beck depression inventory: Uses and applications

Abstract

Introduction

Versions

Content description

Target population

Application

Guidelines

Interpretation of scores

Validity

Factors that affect the score

Limitations

Comments

How to obtain

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 17: Hamilton depression rating scale: Uses and applications

Abstract

Introduction

Administration and uses

Scoring and interpretation

Indication for the use of the HDRS

Validity and reliability

Limitations

Key facts of the Hamilton depression rating scale

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 18: The patient health questionnaire (PHQ)

Abstract

Introduction

Content and scoring

Abbreviated versions

Psychometric characteristics

Screening and case-finding properties

Comparison with other psychometric instruments

Special populations

Conclusions

Key facts of PHQ

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 19: Screening for antenatal depression (AND) using self-report questionnaires: Conceptual issues and measurement limitations

Abstract

Introduction

The etiological paradox of PDD

Screening for AND: Measurement issues

Measuring continuity of PDD across the reproductive spectrum

Psychometric characteristics

Screening measure item content and overlaps

Screening for AND: Which measures perform best?

The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

The “Whooley questions”

Beyond guidelines: Other questionnaires for the detection of depression

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 20: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale: Description and applications

Abstract

Introduction

Edinburgh postnatal depression scale

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 21: The death depression scale: Description and applications

Abstract

The death depression scale (DDS)

The DDS items

The death depression scale-revised (DDS-R)

Discussion

Key facts of the death depression scale (DDS)

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 22: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale: Features and applications

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Psychometric properties

Validity of extending the DASS to additional populations and administration formats

Applications

Summary

Conclusion

Key facts of translations/adaptations of tests or measures

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 23: Arabic version of the two-question quick inventory of depression (QID-2-AR): Description and applications

Abstract

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

Introduction

Human plague

Negative impacts of depression

Depression undetected and undiagnosed

Burden time and effort to screening of depression

Difficulty of detecting depression

Depressed mood and anhedonia

Effective screening

Multiple cultures recommended of QID-2

QID-2 test alternative of scales

Utility of QID-2

Description of QID-2

Description of diagnostic cutoff value for the QID-2

Recommendations the threshold score of QID-2

Applications of QID-2 and recommendations

Discussion

Implications of QID-2 in care for good clinical practice

QID-2, depression, clinicians, patients, busy clinics, and wartime

Conclusion

Key facts of depression

Key facts of QID-2

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 24: Depression and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Depression and cardiovascular disease

What is a biomarker?

Associations between depression and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease

Functional biomarkers

Circulating biomarkers

Structural biomarkers

Psychosocial factors impacting the depression-biomarkers relationship

Limitations of measuring biomarkers

Future directions

Summary and conclusions

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 25: Thioredoxin as an antioxidant protein as a marker in depression

Abstract

Introduction

Role of oxidative stress in depressive disorder

Key facts of thioredoxin

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 26: Methods of neuroimaging in depression: Applications to resting-state functional connectivity

Abstract

Introduction

Childhood and adolescence

Adulthood

Conclusions

Summary points

Chapter 27: Neural markers of depression in MRI

Abstract

Introduction

Introduction and concept of MRI and FMRI

Hypothetic model in depression

Structural neural marker in MDD: GM aspect

Structural neural marker in MDD: WM aspect

Functional neural marker in MDD: Task FMRI aspect

Functional neural marker in MDD: Rs-FMRI aspect

Key facts of neural MRI markers in MDD

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Part III: Pharmacological treatments for depression

Chapter 28: Angiotensin receptor 1 blockade as an antidepression strategy

Abstract

Introduction

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the brain

Experimental data and clinical studies

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Diabetes and comorbid depression

Key facts of role of RAAS in mood disorders

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 29: The link between cannabinoids and depression

Abstract

Introduction

Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system

Cannabinoid receptor signaling pathways

Cannabinoids and depression disorder: Clinical evidence

Cannabinoids and depression disorder: Preclinical evidence

Possible mechanisms in the effects of cannabinoids on depression

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 30: Agomelatine: Profile and applications to depression

Abstract

Introduction

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and drug interactions

Clinical efficacy in depressive episodes

Bipolar depression

Depression in medical comorbidities

Side effect profile

Serious adverse events

Safety on overdose

Conclusions

Key facts of agomelatine

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 31: Bumetanide and use in depressive states

Abstract

Chloride homeostasis and depression

Perspective in the use of bumetanide as a therapeutic agent

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 32: Linking citalopram, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and depressed pregnant women

Abstract

Introduction

Development of serotonergic systems

Role of 5-HT in neural development and behavior

Pharmacokinetics of SSRIs

Prenatal exposure to SSRIs in humans

Effects of prenatal SSRI administration in normal pregnant rodents

SSRI administration to stressed mothers: Effect on offspring behavior

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 33: Citalopram and its use in sleep-deprivation-induced depression

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Prevalence of SD

Sleep loss as a risk factor for depression

Sleep deprivation-induced molecular deficits—Effects of antidepressants

Synaptic plasticity and SD

Effects of CTM on SD-induced depression

Concluding remarks

Key facts about sleep deprivation

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 34: Monoaminergic system and antidepressants

Abstract

Introduction

Serotonin

Noradrenaline and adrenaline

Dopamine and antidepressants

Other monoamines (histamine, melatonin, and tryptamine hallucinogens)

Conclusion

Key facts of antidepressants

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 35: Duloxetine usage in depression

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Introduction

Pharmacokinetic profile

Duloxetine for depression and its associated symptoms

Effects of duloxetine on depression in gynecology and obstetrics

Effects of duloxetine on treatment–resistant depression

Effects of duloxetine on depression with comorbidities

Side effects

Key facts of duloxetine

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 36: Escitalopram and blonanserin as antidepressant agents linking in neurotrophic mechanisms

Abstract

Introduction: Modern molecular theory of depression

BDNF as a leading player in depression

Role of BDNF in corticosterone hormone stress-induced depression model

BDNF signaling activation and underlying mechanisms

Trophic mechanism in chronic, recurrent depression—Early life adversity

Trophic mechanism in chronic, recurrent depression—Adolescent

Possible antidepressant activity as adjunctive agent

Potential mechanism of antidepressant action induced by blonanserin

Possible BDNF/GABA activation by blonanserin through D3 receptors

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 37: (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine as a novel antidepressant and its role in the antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine

Abstract

Introduction

Metabolism of (R,S)-ketamine

Antidepressant effects of (2R,6R)-HNK

Mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of (2R,6R)-HNK

Role of (2R,6R)-HNK in the antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine

Conclusion

Key facts of major depressive disorder

Summary points

Mini-directory of terms

Chapter 38: Linking 5-hydroxytryptamine to antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine and social stress model

Abstract

Introduction

(R,S)-Ketamine

Linking 5-HT and the antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine in a chronic social stress model

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Chapter 39: Mirtazapine: Multitarget strategies for treating substance use disorder and depression

Abstract

Introduction

Substance use disorder (SUD)

MDD-SUD comorbidity

Neurobiological mechanisms of DD (MDD-SUD)

Mirtazapine

Mirtazapine-SUD

Preclinical studies

Clinical trials

Preclinical studies in models of polydrug

Selective agent therapies

Multitarget therapy

Conclusion and future perspectives

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Part IV: Counselling, psychotherapy and behavioural treatments for depression

Chapter 40: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and depression

Abstract

Overview

Mindfulness-based interventions and depression

MBCT for prevention of depressive relapse

MBCT in the treatment of current depression

MBCT for TRD

Mechanisms of change in MBCT

MBCT for depression associated with chronic illness

Summary and future directions in the use of MBCT

Key facts of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and depression

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 41: Online programs for depression

Abstract

Introduction

The structure and function of online programs

Self-guided vs clinician-supported programs

Evidence for the effectiveness of online programs

Examples of effective programs

Opportunities and challenges in delivering online programs

The future of online programs

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 42: Clay art therapy on emotion regulation: Research, theoretical underpinnings, and treatment mechanisms

Abstract

Introduction

Section one: Emotion regulation: Research and theories relating visual art to neuroscience

Section two: Therapeutic functions of clay on emotion regulation

Section three: Treatment mechanisms of clay art therapy for emotion regulation

Concluding comments

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 43: Solution-focused counseling and its use in postpartum depression

Abstract

Introduction

Solution-focused brief therapy and counseling

Solution-focused brief therapy principles

Solution-focused brief therapy methods and techniques

The structure of solution-focused brief therapy and counseling

Solution-focused brief therapy as a practical skill in preventing postpartum blues and depression

Mini-dictionary of terms

Key facts of solution-focused brief therapy

Summary points

Chapter 44: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive emotional training (CET) as a novel treatment for depression

Abstract

Introduction

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Clinical effects of tDCS in MDD

Rationale for combining tDCS and CET in MDD

Cognitive emotional training (CET)

Clinical effects of CET

Preliminary evidence for clinical effects of tDCS combined with CET

Neurophysiological effects of tDCS combined with CET

Conclusions and future research

Key facts of tDCS and CET

Summary points

Part V: Other aspects of treatment: Specific groups, monitoring and novel regimens

Chapter 45: Putative effects of cannabidiol in depression and synaptic plasticity

Abstract

Introduction

Cannabidiol pharmacology and therapeutic potential

The effects of CBD in animal models of depression

CBD effects on depressed patients

Final considerations

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 46: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of depression

Abstract

Introduction

Clinical trials on taVNS treatment of depression

Potential side effects of taVNS

Potential mechanisms underlying taVNS treatment of depression

Challenges and future directions

Key facts of taVNS

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 47: Exercise for depression as a primary and comorbid with obesity disorder: A narrative

Abstract

Introduction

Clinical attributes of trials reviewed by meta-analyses

Meta-analysis for AE in adult MDD patients in mental health services

Pragmatic evidence for exercise and depression

Ideographic vs nomothetic exercise

Pragmatic trial ideographic vs nomothetic exercise for depression

Individual clinical significant analysis

Exercise for depression as a comorbid with obesity disorder

Additional exercise trials for depression as a comorbid with obesity disorder

Collective evidence

Key facts of the safety of exercise for depressed patients

Summary points

Examples of mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 48: Acupressure and depression: A scientific narrative

Abstract

Introduction

Basic concepts of acupressure

Application of acupressure

Research evidences for the effect of acupressure on depression

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 49: Potential beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium breve A1 on cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders

Abstract

Microbiota-gut-brain axis

MGB axis in Alzheimer’s disease

MGB axis in schizophrenia

Bifidobacterium breve A1 as probiotics

Administration of B. breve A1 to subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Effect of B. breve A1 on anxiety and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia

No significant change in the gut microbiota was observed, but B. breve A1 may have affected gut epithelial barrier function

Dietary habits and baseline gut microbiota could influence the effect of B. breve A1 on anxiety and depressive symptoms

Conclusions and perspectives

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 50: Coenzyme Q10 and depression

Abstract

A brief introduction to depression treatment regimens

CoQ10 and its pharmacological application

Correlation of CoQ10 with depression

Conclusion

Key facts of mice behavioral tests

Key facts of human depression studies

Key facts of oxidative stress and antioxidants

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 51: Gene expression in major depressive disorder: Peripheral tissue and brain-based studies

Abstract

Introduction

Gene expression and its measurement

Candidate gene vs whole-genome approaches

Confounding, expression, and causality

Differential expression (DE) studies

Gene expression as mediators of genetic risk

Tissue specificity and the use of surrogate markers

Peripheral tissue studies in MDD

Brain-based studies in MDD

Single-cell sequencing

Emerging themes

Integration with genetic risk

Future directions

Triangulation and strengthening of causal claims

Summary

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 52: Electroconvulsive therapy for depression: Effectiveness, cognitive side-effects, and mechanisms of action

Abstract

Summary of ECT effectiveness research

Cognitive effects

ECT’s mechanism of action models

Future directions: Testing an integrated model

Key facts for electroconvulsive therapy

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 53: Prenatal depression and offspring DNA methylation

Abstract

Prenatal maternal depression

Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)

Epigenetics mechanisms

Epigenetics studies of fetal exposure to maternal depression

Recommendations for future research

Conclusion

Key facts

Summary points

Mini-dictionary of terms

Chapter 54: Treating depression with theta burst stimulation (TBS)

Abstract

Introduction

Role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression

Mechanism of action of theta-burst stimulation and its types

Key facts

Summary

Mini-dictionary terms

Index

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Tags: Colin R Martin, Lan Anh Hunter, Vinood B Patel, Victor R Preedy, Rajkumar Rajendram, Depression