Medical Epigenetics 2nd Edition by Trygve Tollefsbol ISBN 9780128239285 012823928X

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ISBN 10: 012823928X
ISBN 13: 9780128239285
Author: Trygve Tollefsbol

Medical Epigenetics, Second Edition provides a comprehensive analysis of epigenetics in health management, across a broad spectrum of disease categories and specialties, and with a focus on human systems, epigenetic diseases that affect these systems, and evolving modes of epigenetic-based treatment. Here, more than 40 leading researchers examine how each human system is affected by epigenetic maladies, offering an all-in-one resource on medical epigenetics not only for those directly involved with health care, but investigators in life sciences, biotech companies, graduate students, and others who are interested in applied aspects of epigenetics. Incorporating both diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic approaches, this volume also fully supports the application of epigenetics in precision medicine.

This second edition of Medical Epigenetics, a volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, has been fully revised to address recent advances in disease epigenetics and role of epigenetics in precision medicine, with all-new chapters on skin cancer epigenetics, network analysis in medical epigenetics, machine learning in epigenetic diseases, and clinical trials of epigenetics drugs.

• Features chapters from leading researchers and clinicians dedicated to the burgeoning role of epigenetics in medical practice
• Covers emerging topics, including twin epigenetics, as well as epigenetics of gastrointestinal disease, muscle disorders, endocrine disorders, ocular medicine, pediatric diseases, sports medicine, noncoding RNA therapeutics, pain management and regenerative medicine
• Organized from system disorders to multi-system disorders that involve epigenetic aberrations
• Examines the role of epigenetics in precision medicine

Medical Epigenetics 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Section A: Overview

Chapter 1: Advances in medical epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction

Basic principles of epigenetics

General medical aspects of epigenetics

Epigenetics of system disorders

Multisystem medical epigenetics

Bioinformatics of epigenetic medicine

Pharmacology of epigenetics

Therapeutic epigenetics

Medical epigenetics: Future prospects

Conclusion

Section B: General medical aspects of epigenetics

Chapter 2: Environmental epigenetic epidemiology

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Introduction

Malnutrition

Environmental pollutants

Substance abuse

Infection

Conclusions and perspectives

Abbreviations

Chapter 3: Lifestyle and preventive medical epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction

Impact of dietary pattern on the epigenome

Exercise and epigenetics

Environmental factors and epigenetic modification

Lifestyle modification as a preventive tool for medical epigenetics

Conclusion

Chapter 4: Environmental medical epigenetics: A review of epigenetically induced medical risks generated from exposures in our air, food, and personal products

Abstract

Introduction

Allergens

Secondhand cigarette smoke and vaping

Traffic-related air pollution

Trace metals

Heavy metals

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals

Pesticides and fungicides

Volatile organic compounds

Farm exposure

Diet

Conclusions/outstanding questions

Glossary

Chapter 5: Behavioral medical epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction

Impact of environmental factors on behavior

Animal models and studies of human behavior

Environmental stressors and epigenetic mediators of the stress response

Nonepigenetic and alternate mechanisms of stress

The HPA axis and the stress response

Glucocorticoid signaling and epigenetics

HPA axis genes: Genes that regulate glucocorticoid signaling

Chronic stress and glucocorticoid resistance

Glucocorticoid resistance and epigenetics

HPA axis genes: Genes that regulate tissue-specific processes

Environmental stressors and neurotransmitters

Interconnectivity of the neurotransmitter systems

The dopaminergic system

Behavioral disorders associated with the dopaminergic system

Evidence for glucocorticoid effect on dopaminergic transmission

Glucocorticoids and dopamine in drug addiction

Epigenetic mediators of glucocorticoids on dopamine-related behavior

Adrenergic and noradrenergic systems

Behavioral disorders associated with the adrenergic and noradrenergic system

Evidence for glucocorticoid effect on adrenergic and noradrenergic transmission

Epigenetic mediators of glucocorticoids on adrenaline- and noradrenaline-related behavior

The serotonergic (5-HT) system

Behavioral disorders associated with the serotonergic system

Evidence for glucocorticoid effect on serotonergic transmission

Epigenetic mediators of glucocorticoids on serotonin-related behavior

Glutamate and GABA systems

Behavioral disorders associated with the glutamate and GABA system

Evidence for glucocorticoid effect on glutamate and GABA system

Epigenetic mediators of glucocorticoids on glutamate and GABA-related behavior

Conclusion

Chapter 6: Medical epigenetics and twins

Abstract

Introduction

Monogenic disorders: Twin studies and the epigenetics of imprinting disorders

Twin studies and the epigenetics of multifactorial disorders

Caveats

Future directions

Conclusions

Chapter 7: Epigenetic biomarkers of disease

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetic biomarkers

Epigenetic biomarkers in cancer

Methods for assessing epigenetic changes for biomarkers

Clinical application of epigenetic biomarkers

Future perspectives

Conclusion

Abbreviations

Chapter 8: Prognostic epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction

DNA methylation markers of cancer prognosis

Histone modifications as markers of cancer prognosis

Noncoding RNA prognostic markers in cancer

Prognostic epigenetic markers in nonmalignant pathology

The future

Conflict of interest statement

Section C: Epigenetics of system disorders

Chapter 9: Autoimmune disease and epigenetics

Abstract

Autoimmune disease overview

Epigenetics and autoimmunity

Environmental epigenetics

Xenobiotic-induced epigenetic changes and autoimmunity

Conclusions

Chapter 10: Epigenetics of pulmonary diseases

Abstract

Grants

Introduction

Epigenetic basics

Epigenetics in disease

Epigenetics in the lungs

Epigenetics in pulmonary diseases

Conclusion

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular disorders and epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction

Early heart development and the fetal origin of cardiovascular disease

Epigenetic involvement in cardiovascular risk factors

Epigenetics and cardiovascular disease

Epigenetic-based cardiovascular therapy

Conclusion

Chapter 12: Epigenomics of intestinal disease

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Epigenetics and intestinal development

Intestinal homeostasis and the microbiota

Epigenetics, intestinal homeostasis, and the microbiota

Microbiota-derived metabolites

Diet and the intestinal epigenome

Colon cancer

Inflammatory bowel disease

Irritable bowel syndrome

Celiac disease

Therapeutics

Future directions

Glossary

Chapter 13: Epigenetics of skin disorders

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Immunologic skin diseases

Infectious skin diseases

Skin tumors

Skin aging

Conclusions

Abbreviations

Chapter 14: Epigenetics in bone and joint disorders

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetic regulation of the immune system in rheumatic diseases

Epigenetics therapy in rheumatic diseases

miRNAs as biomarkers for rheumatology and bone diseases

Conclusions

Chapter 15: Epigenetics of muscle disorders

Abstract

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation

Fibromyalgia

Gastrointestinal disorders

Abbreviations

Chapter 16: Reproductive disease epigenetics

Abstract

Introduction

Gametogenesis

Male reproductive disorders

Female reproductive disorders

Placental syndromes

Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer

Summary

Chapter 17: Epigenetics in ocular medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetics and the eye

Epigenetics in ocular disease

Discussion and conclusions

Section D: Multi-system medical epigenetics

Chapter 18: Pediatric diseases and epigenetics

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Specific syndromes and disorders whose genes are involved in the processes and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression

Microdeletions and duplications of chromosomes

Disorders of genomic imprinting

Descriptions of particularly well-known syndromes involving parental imprinting

Known environmental exposures which are likely to have disturbances in epigenetic regulation

Developmental disorders that are likely to involve epigenetic mechanisms

Monozygotic twins

Preconception and periconception effects

Microbiome

Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)

The application of epigenetic research to public health policy of the future

The future impact of epigenetics on pediatrics

Abbreviations

Chapter 19: Epigenetics of infectious diseases

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Pathogen-induced epigenetic modifications in host cells

Epigenetic modifications in bacterial pathogens

Conclusions

Glossary

Chapter 20: Clinical utility of solid tumor epigenetics

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Epigenetic drugs

Liquid biopsy

Concluding remarks

Abbreviations

Chapter 21: Epigenetics in acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetic regulation of the genome

Normal hematopoiesis

Acute myeloid leukemia

Environment

Genetic and cytogenetic anomalies

Epigenetics in acute myeloid leukemia

Epigenetic-based therapy

Conclusions

Chapter 22: Epigenetic regulation in cancer metastasis

Abstract

Overview of cancer metastasis

Epigenetic control

Molecular pathways of EMT

Anoikis resistance

Extravasation and colonization

Epigenome-wide big data analysis for mechanistic understanding of metastasis

Abbreviations

Chapter 23: Epigenetics in exercise science and sports medicine

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

General findings

Muscle tissue

Blood cells

Cardiovascular tissues

Brain

Other tissues

Conclusion

Abbreviations

Section E: Bioinformatics of epigenetic medicine

Chapter 24: Machine learning in epigenetic diseases

Abstract

Introduction

Fundamentals of machine learning

Machine learning applications in epigenetics

Performance and limitations of machine learning approaches

Summary

Section F: Pharmacology of epigenetics

Chapter 25: Epigenetics in toxicology and drug development

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetics and diseases

Conclusion and future perspective

Disclaimer

Abbreviations

Chapter 26: Pharmacoepigenomics in neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Introduction

NDD-specific pharmacoepigenomic signatures

Epigenetic-modifying drugs for NDDs

Epigenetic regulation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Conclusion

Section G: Therapeutic epigenetics

Chapter 27: Therapeutics and DNA methylation inhibitors

Abstract

Introduction

Mechanism of action

Application of DNMT inhibitors

Other DNMT inhibitors

Conclusions

Chapter 28: Histone deacetylase inhibitors in medical therapeutics

Abstract

Introduction

Classification of histone deacetylases

Classification of HDAC inhibitors

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancer

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of heart diseases

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of kidney disease

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Safety issues with the use of HDAC inhibitors

Conclusions

Abbreviations

Chapter 29: Sirtuins as NAD+-dependent deacetylases and their potential in medical therapy

Abstract

Introduction

Sirtuins

Summary

Abbreviations

Chapter 30: Experimental approaches toward histone acetyltransferase modulators as therapeutics

Abstract

Introduction

Histone acetyltransferases

HATs in disease

HAT modulators

Therapeutic possibilities of HAT modulators

Conclusion

Chapter 31: Histone methylation modifiers in medical therapeutics

Abstract

Introduction

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2, KMT6A)

Disruptor of telomeric silencing like (DOT1L, KMT4)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, KDM1A)

Targeting other histone methylation modifiers

Conclusions

Abbreviations

Glossary

Chapter 32: Modulation of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential role as therapeutics

Abstract

Introduction

Noncoding RNA in the regulation of gene expression

RNA activation

ncRNA as biomarkers of human disorders

Therapeutic potential of miRNA

siRNAs and saRNAs in clinical trials

Concluding remarks

Chapter 33: Nutrients and phytonutrients as promising epigenetic nutraceuticals

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

Epigenetic mechanisms

Nutrients, phytonutrients, and epigenetics

Dietary phytochemicals and nutrients as modulators of DNA methylation and histone modifications

Dietary phytochemicals and nutrients as regulators of miRNAs

Epigenetic clinical trials with dietary phytochemicals and nutrients

Conclusions

Chapter 34: Epigenetics of pain management

Abstract

Introduction

Chronic pain states

Role of epigenetic mechanisms in chronic pain

Future approaches to exploit the role of epigenetics in chronic pain

Challenges and hurdles for epigenetic therapies

Conclusion

Chapter 35: Precision medical epigenetics

Abstract

Enabling technologies for precision epigenetic medicine

Epigenetic modifications contribute to gene expression variations

Epigenetic modifications contribute to drug response and prognosis

Novel cytosine modifications for precision medicine

Challenges and perspectives

Conclusions

Chapter 36: Epigenetics and regenerative medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetic defects in aged tissues

Epigenetic dysregulation in cognition and neurodegeneration

Epigenetic remodeling tools used in regenerative medicine therapeutics

Applications of epigenetic remodelers in regenerative medicine

Future promise for epigenetic medical therapy

Conclusion

Chapter 37: Stem cell epigenetics in medical therapy

Abstract

Introduction

Stem cells

Epigenetics of stem cells

DNA methylation

Histone modifications

Noncoding RNA

RNA modifications

Therapeutic prospects of stem cells

Summary

Glossary

Abbreviation

Chapter 38: The clinical landscape of HDAC inhibitors

Abstract

Nucleosome modification and transcriptional regulation

One to eleven: The human zinc-dependent HDACs

HDAC inhibitors—A pharmacological classification

Nonselective HDAC inhibitors

Nuclear isoform selective HDAC inhibitors

HDAC6 and HDAC8 isoform selective inhibitors

Dual mechanism HDAC inhibitors

Advanced clinical trials—Hematological cancers

Advanced clinical trials—Non-blood cancers

Advanced clinical trials—Beyond cancer

Summary

Section H: Medical epigenetics: Future prospects

Chapter 39: Epigenetics: Future prospective in human disorders and therapeutics

Abstract

Introduction

Epigenetics in stress and related disorders

Epigenetics in human chromosomal disorders

Future perspective

Chapter 40: Prospective advances in medical epigenetics

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Prospective advances of DNA methylation in medical epigenetics

Prospective advances of histone modification in medical epigenetics

Prospective advances of noncoding RNAs in medical epigenetics

International Human Epigenome Consortium and epigenetical precision medicine

Limitations

Prospect

Index

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