Environmental Microbiology Emerging Technologies 1st Edition by Maulin Shah ISBN 9783110727210 3110727218

M. Kouselya, B. M. Muhilan, Indranil Chattopadhyay 1 Omics approaches for characterization of environmental microorganisms

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Metagenomics

1.2.1 16S rRNA

1.2.2 Shotgun sequencing

1.2.3 Microarray

1.2.4 Next-generation sequencing (NGS)

1.3 Single-cell genomics (SCG)

1.4 Metatranscriptomics

1.5 Proteomics

1.6 Metabolomics

1.7 Fluxomics

1.8 Integration of omics

1.9 Conclusion

Illathu Kandy Nidhin, Indranil Chattopadhyay 2 Emerging technologies in environmental microbiology

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Terrestrial

2.2.1 Soil

2.2.2 Phyllosphere

2.2.3 Rhizosphere

2.2.4 Aerosol

2.3 Aquatic

2.3.1 Freshwater

2.3.2 Marine

2.3.3 Brackish/estuarine 

2.4 Extreme climatic microbial habitats

2.4.1 Hot springs

2.4.2 Permafrost

2.5 Symbiotic and parasitic microbes

2.5.1 Gut microbiome

2.5.2 Coral microbiome

2.6 Metagenomic approaches

2.7 Conclusion

Nelson Libardi Junior, Nathan Pacheco Amin Vieira da Costa, Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe 3 Pollutants removal using aerobic granular sludge technology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Historical background

3.3 AGS – general properties

3.3.1 AGS formation theories

3.3.2 What is considered an aerobic granule?

3.4 Aerobic granular sludge – process conditions

3.4.1 Sequencing batch reactors (SBR)

3.4.2 Reactor feeding

3.4.3 Settling as selective pressure

3.4.4 Extracellular polymeric substances

3.5 Treatment overview

3.5.1 Carbonaceous organic matter removal

3.5.2 Nitrogen removal

3.5.3 Phosphorus removal

3.6 Toxic pollutants degradation

3.6.1 Phenols

3.6.2 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals

3.6.3 Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)

3.6.4 Dyes

3.7 Additives to avoid granule disintegration

Sreejita Ghosh, Dibyajit Lahiri, Sougata Ghosh, Moupriya Nag, Rina Rani Ray 4 Biofilm-mediated industrial wastewater treatment

4.1  Introduction

4.2 Biofilm-mediated treatment

4.2.1 Biofilm-supported reactors

4.2.2 Algal and prokaryotic interplay

4.2.3 Algal-prokaryotic bioreactors for treatment of wastewater

4.2.4 Nitrogen transformation by algal-prokaryotic interaction

4.3 Biodegradation

4.3.1 Biodegradation of biological organic matter

4.3.2 Biodegradation of hydrocarbons

4.3.3 Biodegradation of phenolic compounds

4.3.4 Biodegradation of N-aliphatic and N-aromatic compounds

4.3.5 Biodegradation of dyes

4.4 Bioaccumulation and biosorption

4.4.1 Bioaccumulation

4.4.2 Biosorption

4.5 Biomineralization

4.5.1 Bioleaching

4.5.2 Radionuclides and heavy metal removal

4.5.3 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and calcium ion removal

4.5.4 Phosphorus removal

4.5.5 Ion precipitation from wastewater

4.6 Conclusion

Getu Kassegn Weldegebrieal, Assefu Kassegn Sibhatu 5 Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater treatment

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Classification of organic contaminants in wastewater

5.3 Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater

5.3.1 Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

5.3.2 Factors affecting the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater

5.4 Conclusion

N. V. Sarangi, R. Rajkumar 6 Biodegradation of organic pollutants by microbial process

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Major pollutants in the environment and its sources

6.3 Organic pollutants and its type

6.3.1 Types of organic pollutants

6.3.2 Persistent organic pollutants

6.4 Physical, chemical, and biological degradation of organic pollutants

6.4.1 Physical degradation of POPs

6.4.2 Chemical degradation of POPs

6.4.3 Biological degradation of POPs

6.5 Role of microorganisms in biodegradation

6.5.1 Microbial degradation of organic pollutants

6.5.2 Microbes and biodegradation potential

6.6 Advantages of microbial degradation

6.6.1 Enzymatic degradation of organic pollutant

6.6.2 Microbial enzymes which help in biodegradation

6.7 Factors affecting microbial degradation

6.8 Future perspectives

6.9 Conclusion

Satarupa Dey, A. K. Paul 7 Bauxite residue (red mud): microbial resources and their possible exploitation in remediation and rehabilitation

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Genesis and characterization of bauxite residue

7.2.1 Characterization of bauxite residue

7.2.2 Biological characteristics of bauxite residue

7.3 Residue deposits and associated environmental impact

7.4 Microbial community analysis: Biochemical and molecular approaches

7.5 Inventory of cultivable microbial diversity of bauxite residue

7.6 Physiology, biochemistry, and adaptive strategies of microbiota

7.7 Microbial recovery of metal values from bauxite residue

7.8 Bioremediation and rehabilitation of bauxite residue

7.8.1 Reduction in pH

7.8.2 Formation of aggregates of red mud particles

7.8.3 Reduction in exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)

7.9 Conclusion

List of abbreviation

Oluka N. Ngofa, George Z. Kyzas 8 Advancements in application of dispersants to oil spills

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Techniques for oil-spills management

8.2.1 Use of booms for oil spills cleanup

8.2.2 Use of skimmers for oil spills cleanup

8.2.3 Use of adsorbent (sorbent) for oil spills cleanup

8.2.4 Use of in situ burning for oil spills cleanup

8.3 Dispersants

8.3.1 Brief history of dispersants usage in oil spills management

8.3.2 How dispersants work

8.3.3 Physical characteristics of dispersants

8.3.4 Compositions of dispersants

8.3.5 Structure and properties

8.3.6 Characterization

8.4 Application

8.4.1 Vessel dispersants spraying in oil spills management

8.4.2 Aerial dispersants spraying in oil spills management

8.4.3 Environmental hazard of dispersants on oil spills management

8.4.4  Effectiveness of dispersants on oil spills management

8.4.5 Toxicity of oil affected using dispersants

8.5 Discussion

8.6 Conclusions

Arundhati Pal, A. K. Paul 9 Serpentinophytes-associated microbiota: a review of applications in environmental biotechnology

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Serpentinophytes and serpentine syndrome

9.2.1 Diversity and endemism in serpentinophytes

9.3 Microbial communities associated with serpentinophytes

9.4 Bacterial and fungal rhizobiome of hyperaccumulator plants

9.4.1 Rhizobacteria

9.4.2 Fungi and mycorrhiza

9.5 Endophytic microbial population of serpentinophytes

9.6 Microbial association and phenomenon of hyperaccumulation

9.7 Role of microbiota in phytoextraction and phytoremediation

9.8 Contribution of associated microbes in phytomining

9.9 Present status of applications of microbiota in bioremediation

9.10 Conclusion and future perspectives

Komal Agrawal, Pradeep Verma 10 Microbial desalination cell: a versatile insight towards sustainable contribution

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Concept of MDC

10.3 Types of MDC

10.3.1 Air cathode MDC (AC-MDC)

10.3.2 Biocathode MDC (BC-MDC)

10.3.3 Stacked structure MDC (SS-MSC)

10.3.4 Microbial electrolysis desalination and chemical-production cell (MEDCC)

10.3.5 Capacitive MDC (C-MDC)

10.3.6 Up-flow MDC (U-MDC)

10.3.7 Osmotic MDC (O-MDC)

10.3.8 Bipolar membrane microbial desalination cell (BP-MDC) and Decoupled microbial desalination cell (D-MDC)

10.3.9 Separator coupled stacked circulation MDC (SCSC-MDC) and Ion-exchange resin coupled MDC (IERC-MDC)

10.4 Limitation, prospects, and conclusion

Can Burak Özkal 11 Control of antibiotic resistance by advanced treatment: recent advances, in a nutshell

11.1 Antibiotic resistance and mechanism of spread

11.2 Detection and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance

11.3 Overview of the current legislative regulations

11.4 Advanced treatment technologies: Recent advances in the field of antibiotic resistance control

11.5 Conventional disinfection processes mechanisms effective on ARB and ARG reduction

11.6 Advanced treatment processes: Reaction mechanisms effective on ARG control

11.7 Summary

Prasann Kumar, E. Lokesh Goud, Priyanka Devi, Bhupendra Koul 12 Metal pollutants in the environment

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Different sources of heavy metal pollution

12.3 Properties of heavy metal

12.4 Effects and transport of pollutants into the ecosystem

12.5 Soil pollution

12.6 Water pollution

12.7 Air pollution

12.8 Heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere: Need great attention

12.9 Heavy metals

12.9.1 Chromium

12.9.2 Toxicology processes

12.9.3 Fluoride

12.9.4 Toxicological processes

12.9.5 Manganese

12.9.6 Cobalt

12.9.7 Nickel

12.9.8 Copper

12.9.9 Zinc

12.9.10 Mercury

12.9.11 Lead

12.10 Conclusion

Atif Aziz Chowdhury, Nilendu Basak, Taniya Roy, Ekramul Islam 13 The language of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Signaling molecules

13.2.1 N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs)

13.2.2 Peptides

13.2.3 Volatile organic compounds

13.2.4 γ -Butyrolactones

13.2.5 Other types of signaling

13.3 Signaling system in bacteria

13.3.1 Quorum signaling

13.3.2 Electrical communication

13.3.3 Sound signaling

13.4 Signaling in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

13.4.1 Signaling via quorum sensing in gram-negative bacteria

13.4.2 Signaling in gram-positive bacteria

13.4.3 Quorum sensing in biofilm

13.5 Other communication mechanisms

13.5.1 Bacterial communication through membrane vesicles

13.5.2 Intercellular nanotubes mediate bacterial communication

13.6 Communication and synthetic biology

13.7 Concluding remarks

Index