Sustainable Plastics Environmental Assessments of Biobased Biodegradable and Recycled Plastics 2nd Edition by Joseph Greene 1119882060 9781119882060

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ISBN 10: 1119882060

ISBN 13: 9781119882060

Author: Joseph P. Greene

The impact of 50 years of unbridled plastics production, use, and disposal is now becoming well known and documented. Plastics made from non-renewable petroleum and natural gas resources threaten the environment, human health, species maintenance, and the very life of the ocean. This book helps readers understand the ability of plastics to be sustainable and goes over the plastic products which have a lower carbon footprint, lower waste, and lower pollution.

The well-qualified author’s unique perspective puts a special focus on comprehensive coverage of environmental impacts of plastics including Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and sustainability strategies related to biobased plastics (e.g., corn), recycled plastics, and petroleum-based plastics. Other topics covered in the book include:

• End-of-life options for petroleum and biobased plastics including mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and composting
• ASTM biodegradation standards for compost, marine, anaerobic digestion, and landfill environments
• Polymer processing, including injection molding, blow molding, extrusion, and compression molding
• Environmental data and coverage of petroleum plastics, sustainable composites, and new information on bio-based plastics

The book serves as an invaluable resource for plastics engineers, materials engineers, and all professionals in related disciplines looking to understand and apply the usage of sustainable plastics in many different types of manufacturing operations.

Sustainable Plastics Environmental Assessments of Biobased Biodegradable and Recycled Plastics 2nd Table of contents:

1 Introduction to Sustainability

1.1 Sustainability Definition

1.2 Green Chemistry Definitions

1.3 Green Engineering Definitions

1.4 Sustainability Definitions for Manufacturing

1.5 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

1.6 Lean and Green Manufacturing

1.7 Summary

References

2 Environmental Issues

2.1 The Planet Is Warming

2.2 Melting of Glaciers

2.3 Rising Seas

2.4 Causes of Global Warming

2.5 Ocean Pollution and Marine Debris

2.6 Chemical Pollution from Plastics

2.7 Landfill Trash

2.8 Summary

References

3 Life Cycle Information

3.1 Life Cycle Assessment for Environmental Hazards

3.2 Life Cycle Assessment Definitions

3.3 ISO 14040/14044 Life Cycle Assessment Standards

3.4 Sensitivity Analysis

3.5 Minimal Acceptable Framework for Life Cycle Assessments

3.6 Life Cycle Inventory for Petroleum‐Based Plastics

3.7 Life Cycle Assessment for Biobased Poly Lactic Acid

3.8 Summary

References

4 Bio‐Based and Biodegradable Plastics

4.1 Bio‐Based Plastics Definition

4.2 Bagasse

4.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)

4.4 Polylactic Acid (PLA)

4.5 Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)

4.6 Petroleum‐Based Compostable Polymers

References

Websites

5 Bio‐Based and Recycled Petroleum‐Based Plastics

5.1 Bio‐Based Conventional Plastics

5.2 Recycled Petroleum‐Based Plastics

5.3 Oxodegradable Additives for Plastics

5.4 Summary

References

6 End‐of‐Life Options for Plastics

6.1 US EPA WARM Program

6.2 Mechanical Recycling of Plastics

6.3 Chemical Recycling

6.4 Composting

6.5 Waste to Energy

6.6 Landfill Operations

6.7 Life Cycle Assessment of End‐of‐Life Options

6.8 Summary

References

7 Sustainable Plastic Products

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Sustainable Plastic Packaging

7.3 Sustainable Plastic Grocery Bags

7.4 Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Plastic Bottles

7.5 Summary

References

8 Biobased and Biodegradation Standards for Polymeric Materials

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Biobased Standard Test Method

8.3 Industrial Compost Environment

8.4 Marine Environment

8.5 Anaerobic Digestion

8.6 Active Landfill

8.7 Home Compost

8.8 Soil Biodegradation

8.9 Summary

References

9 Commodity Plastics

9.1 Definition of Commodity Plastics

9.2 Commodity Plastics

References

Websites

10 Engineering Plastics

10.1 Engineering Plastics Definition

10.2 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

10.3 Acetal (Polyoxymethylene)

10.4 Liquid Crystal Polymer

10.5 PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate)

10.6 PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)

10.7 Nylon (Polyamide)

10.8 Polyimide

10.9 Polyarylate

10.10 Polycarbonate

10.11 Thermoplastic Polyurethane

10.12 Polyether‐Ether‐Ketone

10.13 PPO, PPS and PPE

10.14 Polytetrafluoroethylene

References

11 Thermoset Polymers

11.1 Automotive Thermoset Polymers

11.2 Aerospace Thermosets

11.3 Bio‐Based Thermoset Polymers

11.4 Conclusions

References

Websites

12 Polymer Composites

12.1 Automotive Polymer Composites

12.2 Thermoset Polymer Composites

12.3 Nanocomposite

12.4 Fiber Materials for Composites

12.5 Carbon Fiber Manufacturing

12.6 Properties of Fibers

12.7 Rule of Mixtures

12.8 Sandwich and Cored Polymer Composite Structures

12.9 Polymer Pre‐Preg Composites

12.10 Processing of Polymer Composites for Automotive Parts

12.11 Aerospace Polymer Composites

12.12 Processing of Polymer Composites for Aerospace Parts

References

Websites

13 Natural Fiber Polymer Composites

13.1 Natural Fibers

13.2 Raw Material Information

13.3 Fiber Properties

13.4 Automotive Use of Natural Fibers

13.5 Processing of Natural Fibers

13.6 Test Results of Natural Fibers

References

14 Design Aspects in Automotive Plastics

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Design Process

14.3 Manufacturing Checklist for Quality

14.4 Plastic Materials for Automotive Use

14.5 Plastic Guidelines for Injection Molding

14.6 Plastic Prototypes and 3D Printing

14.7 SolidWorks Flow Simulation

14.8 Design for Manufacturing (DFM) with Plastics

14.9 Shrinkage in Plastics

14.10 Design Guidelines

14.11 Undercuts

14.12 Mold Stack Design

14.13 Mold Costs

References

Websites

15 Future of Sustainable Plastics

15.1 Sustainable Biobased Plastics Made from Renewable Sources

15.2 Sustainable Traditional Plastics Made from Renewable Sources

15.3 Growth in Biobased Plastics with Development of Durable Goods

15.4 Growth in Biobased Plastics for Pharmaceuticals and Medical Applications

15.5 Summary

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