Breast MRI State of the Art and Future Directions 1st Edition by Katja Pinker 012822729X 9780128227299

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ISBN 10: 012822729X

ISBN 13: 9780128227299

Author: Katja Pinker

Breast MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of breast MRI, including abbreviated MRI, as well as presenting technical recommendations, practical implementation and associated challenges in clinical routine. In addition, the book introduces novel MRI techniques, multimodality imaging, and advanced image processing coupled with AI, reviewing their potential for impeding and future clinical implementation. This book is a complete reference on state-of-the-art breast MRI methods suitable for MRI researchers, radiographers and clinicians.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women with early detection being the key to improved prognosis and survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is undisputedly the most sensitive imaging method to detect cancer, with a higher detection rate than mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, and ultrasound.

• Spans the whole spectrum of breast MRI, including basic imaging techniques, indications, interpretation, and the latest cutting-edge techniques
• Reviews multiparametric MRI and abbreviated protocols, providing an outlook on the future of this technique
• Discusses the predictive and prognostic value of MRI as well as the evolving field of radiomics/genomics and AI

Breast MRI State of the Art and Future Directions 1st Table of contents:

Part 1 State of the art

Section 1 Performance and interpretation of breast MRI

Chapter 1. Multiparametric breast MRI in clinical practice

Introduction

T1-weighted imaging

Standard dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

T2-weighted imaging

Diffusion-weighted imaging

Other specific imaging sequences

Chapter 2. Abbreviated and Ultrafast MRI

Introduction

Abbreviated MRI protocols

Recent MRI screening studies

Benefits and challenges of abbreviated MRI

Ultrafast MRI (high temporal resolution MRI)

Hybrid imaging—abbreviated ultrafast MRI

Recent MRI screening studies

Conclusions

Chapter 3. Artifacts in breast MRI

Introduction

Motion artifacts

Fat

Susceptibility

Other artifacts

Conclusions

Chapter 4. Standard terminology and reporting– Breast Imaging Reporting & Data System: magnetic resonance imaging

Introduction

Standard terminology

Reporting

Conclusions

Chapter 5. The Kaiser score: an evidence-based clinical decision rule for dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI

Introduction: why do we need the Kaiser score in breast MRI?

Description of the Kaiser score and its criteria

The Kaiser score

Application of the Kaiser score in clinical practice

Conclusions

Chapter 6. Background parenchymal enhancement at breast MRI

Introduction

MRI appearance of BPE

BPE, breast density, and FGT

Biological basis of BPE

Factors influencing BPE

BPE and diagnostic performance

Qualitative and quantitative assessments of BPE

BPE and breast cancer risk

BPE and treatment outcomes

Conclusions

Section 2 MRI characteristics of common breast lesions

Chapter 7. MRI characteristics of benign lesions

Introduction

Developmental abnormalities

Fibroadenolipomas (hamartomas)

Lipomas

Leiomyomas and hemangiomas

Fibroadenomas

Phyllodes tumor

Cysts

Fibrocystic changes

Adenosis

Infectious and inflammatory conditions

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia

Conclusions

Chapter 8. MRI characteristics of high-risk lesions

Introduction

Histopathological characteristics

Imaging findings at conventional imaging

Imaging findings at breast MRI

Management

New frontiers

Chapter 9. MRI characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ

Introduction

Clinical presentations and pathologic features of DCIS

Appearance of DCIS on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

DCIS appearance on advanced MRI techniques

MRI performance to assess the extent of DCIS

Future directions: MRI to assess biology and prognosis

Conclusions

Chapter 10. MRI characteristics of invasive breast cancer

Introduction

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Invasive lobular carcinoma

Uncommon histologic subtypes of invasive breast cancer

Special presentations of invasive breast cancer

Conclusions

Section 3 Clinical indications for breast MRI

Chapter 11. Breast MRI for screening

Introduction

Screening in specific risk groups

Shortcomings of screening

Additional screening methods for women undergoing breast MRI

General guidance

Chapter 12. Breast MRI for staging and treatment planning

Introduction to the role of breast MRI

MRI for staging

Treatment planning

Impact of MRI on surgical outcomes

Conclusions

Chapter 13. Neoadjuvant therapy response assessment with breast MRI

Introduction

Pathologic measures of neoadjuvant therapy response

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MR spectroscopy: correlation with pathologic complete response

Monitoring chemotherapy response in the axilla

Conclusions

Chapter 14. Breast MRI for post-treatment follow-up

Introduction

Posttreatment changes

Recurrent breast cancer

Chapter 15. Breast augmentation and postmastectomy autologous breast reconstruction on breast MRI

Introduction

Breast augmentation and implant-based reconstruction

Free silicone injection

Free-fat injection, lipofilling, lipomodeling, or autologous fat grafting

Autologous flaps

Latissimus dorsi flap

TRAM (transverse rectus abdominus muscle) flap

DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator) flap

Chapter 16. Problem-solving breast MRI

Introduction

Evaluation of suspicious symptoms, including nipple discharge

Equivocal imaging findings

Conclusions

Chapter 17. Imaging of the axilla and cancer of unknown primary

Introduction

Anatomy of the axilla

Spread of metastatic disease to axillary lymph nodes

Evaluation of axillary lymph nodes

MR imaging of the axilla

Detection of abnormal axillary lymph nodes on MRI

Clinical management of metastatic axillary lymph nodes

Radiotherapy

Chemotherapy

The controversial role of imaging in axillary staging

Role of MRI in the detection and treatment of occult primary breast cancer

Interventional techniques for axillary lymph node localization and breast MRI

Future directions

Conclusions

Section 4 Breast magnetic resonance imaging—guided interventions and therapy

Chapter 18. Biopsy, including MRI-directed US and rad-path correlation

Introduction

History of MRI-guided techniques

MRI-guided biopsy

Imaging review

Consent process, contraindications, and risk

Equipment

The procedure: positioning, protocol, percutaneous biopsy

MRI localization

MRI-guided clip placement with subsequent mammographic/sonographic localization

MRI-directed skin localization with subsequent excisional biopsy

MRI-guided wire localization

Wire-free MRI localization

MRI-directed ultrasound

Radiologic–pathologic correlation

Current challenges and future directions

Conclusions

Chapter 19. MRI-guided minimally invasive therapy of breast lesions

Introduction

State of the art and methodologies

Applications in breast care

Conclusions

Part 2 Future directions

Section 5 Advanced and emerging approaches

Chapter 20. Noncontrast MRI

Introduction

Diffusion-weighted MRI

DW MRI as a supplement to conventional DCE-MRI

DW MRI as a stand-alone modality

Image interpretation strategies

Technical considerations

Emerging techniques

Conclusions

Chapter 21. Metabolic imaging using ultra-high field MRI

Introduction

Applications

Challenges and future applications

Conclusions

Chapter 22. Quantitative DCE-MRI of the Breast

Introduction

Pharmacokinetic modeling of DCE-MRI data

Applications of quantitative breast DCE-MRI

Technical Considerations for Quantitative Breast DCE-MRI

Conclusions

Chapter 23. Diffusion MRI of the breast: standard and advanced techniques

Introduction

Diffusion-weighted imaging

Advanced diffusion MRI

Conclusions

Chapter 24. MR spectroscopy

Introduction

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique

Data analysis

Clinical applications

Conclusions

Chapter 25. Emerging techniques in breast MRI

Introduction

Ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging

Magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetization transfer and chemical exchange saturation transfer

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate

MRI-constrained radiomics and habitat imaging

MRI-constrained mathematical modeling

Conclusions

Section 6 Hybrid imaging and alternative techniques

Chapter 26. PET/MRI hybrid imaging and targeted tracers

Introduction

Radiotracers

Acquisition protocol

New frontiers: radiomics and artificial intelligence

Conclusions

Chapter 27. Competing and alternative techniques to breast MRI

Contrast-enhanced mammography

Breast-specific gamma imaging and molecular breast imaging

Positron emission tomography and positron emission mammography of the breast

Future directions

Section 7 Prognostic and predictive MR imaging biomarkers

Chapter 28. MRI radiomics and radiogenomics for breast cancer

Introduction

Image preprocessing

Feature extraction

Prognostic and predictive radiomic biomarkers for breast cancer

Radiogenomics

Limitations and future directions

Chapter 29. Breast imaging and deep learning: past, present, and future

Introduction

Deep learning

Segmentation

Detection

Lesion classification

Risk prediction

Treatment response

Molecular subtypes

Nodal status

Pathologic complete response

Considerations

Conclusions

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