Concrete Materials and Technology A Practical Guide 1st Edition by Kambiz Janamian, José Aguiar ISBN 9781032470184 1032470186

Chapter 1 Introduction to Concrete Technology

1.1 Concrete Constituent Materials

1.2 Water Reduction in Concrete Production

1.3 Concrete Workability

1.4 Slump Test

1.5 Hydration Reaction

1.6 Concrete Curing

1.7 Compressive Strength

1.8 Water-to-Binder and Water-to-Cement Ratio

1.9 Tensile and Flexural Strength of Concrete

1.10 Elastic Module of Concrete

1.11 Concrete Permeability and Water Tight Structures

1.12 Durability and Effect of the Environment on Concrete

1.12.1 Alkali Aggregate Reaction

1.12.2 Carbonation Reaction

1.12.3 Chloride Attack

1.12.4 Sulfate Attack

1.12.5 Effect of Freeze Thaw Cycle

References

Chapter 2 Portland Cement

2.1 What Is the Portland Cement?

2.2 Cement History

2.3 Cement Raw Materials

2.4 Cement Production

2.5 Compositions of Portland Cement

2.6 Types of Portland Cement

2.7 Other Types of Cement

2.8 Hydration Reaction

2.9 Mineral Additives (Supplementary Cementitious Materials)

2.10 Blended Cement

2.11 Quality Control of Cement

2.11.1 Fineness of Cement

2.11.2 Particle Size Distribution

2.11.3 Cement Health

2.11.4 Setting Time of Cement

2.11.5 Cement Compressive Strength

2.11.6 Specific Gravity of Cement

2.11.7 Cement Heat of Hydration

2.12 Analysis of Cement

2.12.1 Cement Analysis Formulas

2.13 Cement Transportation

2.14 Cement Storage

References

Chapter 3 Mineral Additives (Supplementary Cementitious Materials)

3.1 What Are the Supplementary Cementitious Materials?

3.2 Reaction with Cement and Water

3.3 Silica Fume

3.3.1 Silica Fume Specification

3.3.2 Effect of Silica Fume on the Properties of Fresh Concrete

3.3.3 Effect of Silica Fume on the Properties of Hardened Concrete

3.3.4 Use of Silica Gel or Silica Slurry

3.4 Fly Ash

3.4.1 Fly Ash Specification

3.4.2 Effect of Fly Ash on the Properties of Fresh Concrete

3.4.3 Effect of Fly Ash on the Properties of Hardened Concrete

3.5 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)

3.5.1 GGBS Specification

3.5.2 Effect of GGBS on the Properties of Fresh Concrete

3.5.3 Effect of GGBS on the Properties of Hardened Concrete

3.6 Natural Pozzolans

3.6.1 Natural Pozzolans Specification

3.6.2 Effect of Natural Pozzolans on the Properties of Fresh Concrete

3.6.3 Effect of Natural Pozzolans on the Properties of Hardened Concrete

3.7 Comparison Between Different Supplementary Cementitious Materials

3.8 Use of Mineral Additives in Concrete Production

References

Chapter 4 Aggregates

4.1 Types of Natural Stones

4.2 Aggregates and the Density of Concrete

4.3 Aggregate Size

4.3.1 Coarse Aggregates

4.3.2 Maximum Size of Coarse Aggregate

4.3.3 Fine Aggregates

4.4 Production of Aggregates

4.4.1 Natural Aggregates

4.4.2 Crushed Aggregates

4.5 Aggregates Test and Quality Control

4.5.1 Abrasion Resistance

4.5.2 Sieve Analysis Test

4.5.3 Density and Water Absorption of Aggregates

4.5.4 Fillers and Passing by Sieve No. 200

4.5.5 Harmful Materials in Aggregates

References

Chapter 5 Chemical Admixtures

5.1 The Reason for Using Concrete Admixtures

5.2 Accelerator Admixtures

5.2.1 Set Accelerators

5.2.2 Hardening Accelerators

5.3 Retarder Admixtures

5.3.1 Dosage of Retarder Admixtures

5.4 Plasticizers and Super-Plasticizers

5.4.1 Admixtures in ASTM Standard

5.4.2 Chemical Bases of Plasticizers and Super-Plasticizers

5.4.3 Mini Slump Test

5.4.4 Marsh Funnel Test

5.4.5 Evaluation of Water Reduction Rate

5.5 Air-Entraining Admixtures

5.6 Water Proofing Admixtures

5.7 Curing Compounds

5.8 Viscosity Modifier Admixtures

5.9 Pumping Aid Admixtures

5.10 Foaming Agent Admixtures

References

Chapter 6 Water for Concrete

6.1 Water for Concrete Production

6.2 Water for Concrete Curing

6.3 Test of Water

6.4 Decrease the Amount of Water for Concrete Production and Curing

References

Chapter 7 Testing of Concrete

7.1 Tests for Fresh Concrete

7.1.1 Slump Test

7.1.2 Flow Table Test

7.1.3 Slump Flow Test

7.1.4 Rheometer for Concrete

7.1.5 Temperature of Fresh Concrete

7.1.6 Density of Fresh Concrete

7.1.7 Air Content of Fresh Concrete

7.2 Tests for Hardened Concrete

7.2.1 Compressive Strength Test

7.2.2 Concrete Elastic Modules and Poisson’s Ratio Test

7.2.3 Density of Hardened Concrete

7.2.4 Permeability of Concrete

7.3 Test of Concrete in the Structures

7.3.1 Ultrasonic Test

7.3.2 Schmidt Hammer Test

7.3.3 Concrete Core Test

References

Chapter 8 Durability of Concrete Structures

8.1 Parameters Affecting Concrete Durability

8.2 Durability Against Carbonation

8.3 Durability Against Chloride Ion

8.4 Durability Against Sulfate Ion

8.5 Durability Against Freeze Thaw

8.6 Example for the Durability of a Concrete Structure

8.7 First Project: Bridge Deck in North Europe

8.8 Second Project: Commercial Building in a Big City Near the South China Sea

References

Chapter 9 Concrete Mix Design

9.1 The Goals of Concrete Mix Design

9.2 The Step-by-Step Method for Concrete Mix Design

9.2.1 Step (1): Specify Standard Deviation

9.2.2 Step (2): Specify Mix Design Compressive Strength

9.2.3 Step (3): Specify Percentage of Each Aggregate in Concrete

9.2.4 Step (4): Specify Fineness Module of Total Aggregates

9.2.5 Step (5): Specify Water-to-Binder Ratio

9.2.6 Step (6): Specify Free Water for Concrete

9.2.7 Step (7): Specify the Amount of Portland Cement and Other Binders

9.2.8 Step (8): Specify the Total Volume of Aggregates

9.2.9 Step (9): Specify the Weight of Aggregates in Saturated Surface Dry Conditions

9.2.10 Step (10): Specify the Real Weight of Aggregates and Water in Concrete

9.3 Example 1 for Concrete Mix Design

9.4 Example 2 for Concrete Mix Design

9.5 Example 3 for Concrete Mix Design

9.6 Implementation of Mix Design in the Projects

References

Chapter 10 Production, Transportation, and Implementation of Concrete

10.1 Production of Concrete in the Laboratory

10.2 Production of Concrete in the Batching Plant

10.3 Concrete Transportation With Truck Mixers

10.4 Other Instruments for Concrete Transportation

10.5 Concrete Pumping

10.6 Compaction of Concrete

10.7 Smoothing the Surface of Concrete Elements

10.8 Cold Joint in Concrete

10.9 Curing of Concrete

10.10 Concrete Recycling System

References

Chapter 11 Usage of Fibers in Concrete

11.1 Steel Fibers

11.2 Glass Fibers

11.3 Artificial Fibers

11.3.1 Polypropylene Fibers

11.4 Natural Fibers

References

Chapter 12 Hot and Cold Weather Concreting

12.1 Calculating Concrete Temperature According to the Constituent Materials Temperature

12.2 Definitions of Hot Weather Conditions for Concrete

12.3 Cement Hydration Reaction at Hot Weather Conditions

12.4 The Effects of Hot Weather on the Properties of Concrete

12.5 Considerations for Hot Weather Concreting

12.6 Concrete Cracking at Hot Weather Conditions

12.7 Chemical Admixtures for Hot Weather Concreting

12.8 Calculations for Concrete Temperature at Hot Weather Conditions

12.9 Definitions of Cold Weather Conditions for Concrete

12.10 Cement Hydration Reaction at Cold Weather Conditions

12.11 The Effects of Cold Weather on the Properties of Concrete

12.12 Considerations for Cold Weather Concreting

12.13 Chemical Admixtures for Cold Weather Concreting

12.14 Calculations for Concrete Temperature at Cold Weather Conditions

References

Chapter 13 Concrete for Special Purposes

13.1 Self-Compacting Concrete

13.1.1 Definitions of SCC

13.1.2 Considerations for SCC Production and Implementation

13.1.3 Tests for Checking the Properties of SCC

13.1.4 Example for SCC Mix Design and Implementation

13.2 Watertight Concrete

13.2.1 Definitions of Waterproof Concrete and Watertight Structure

13.2.2 Considerations for Watertight Concrete Production and Implementation

13.2.3 Tests for Checking the Properties of Watertight Concrete

13.2.4 Example for Watertight Concrete Mix Design and Implementation

13.3 High-Strength Concrete

13.3.1 Definitions of High-Strength Concrete

13.3.2 Considerations for High-Strength Concrete Production and Implementation

13.3.3 Tests for Checking the Properties of High-Strength Concrete

13.3.4 Example for High-Strength Concrete Mix Design and Implementation

13.4 Ultra-High-Strength Concrete

13.4.1 Definitions of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete

13.4.2 Considerations for Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Production and Implementation

13.4.3 Tests for Checking the Properties of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete

13.4.4 Example for Ultra-High-Strength Concrete Mix Design and Implementation

13.5 Mass Concrete

13.5.1 Definitions for Mass Concrete

13.5.2 Considerations for Mass Concrete Production and Implementation

13.5.3 Tests for Checking the Properties of Mass Concrete

13.5.4 Example for Mass Concrete Mix Design and Implementation

13.6 Precast Concrete

13.6.1 Definitions of Precast Concrete

13.6.2 Considerations for Precast Concrete Production and Implementation

13.6.3 Tests for Checking the Properties of Precast Concrete

13.6.4 Example for Precast Concrete Mix Design and Implementation

References

Index