High Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms 1st Edition by Kenji Uchino 036754069X 9780367540692

High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms 1st Edition by Kenji Uchino – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:  036754069X, 9780367540692 
Full download High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms 1st Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 036754069X 

ISBN 13: 9780367540692

Author:  Kenji Uchino 

As one of the pioneers of “Piezoelectric Actuators”, I have contributed to the commercialization of various products for over 45 years, including million-selling devices, micro-ultrasonic motors for smart-phone camera modules by Samsung Electromechanics, piezoelectric transformers for backlight inverters by Apple laptops, multilayer PZT actuators for diesel injection valves by Denso Corporation, and piezoelectric energy harvesting modules for Programable Air-Burst Munition by the US Army. During the development period for “piezoelectric actuators and transformers,” I found that the bottleneck for device miniaturization was heat generation under a high-power drive condition. Thus, in parallel to the piezo-actuator developments, I have been developing various high-power density piezo-ceramic materials with the loss mechanism clarification. Hence, I considered that it was time to organize a textbook based on the previous studies, including my materials development philosophy to stimulate younger generations to reach to the energy density of up to 100 W/cm3 in the future. Increasing efficiency and saving energy and space (compactness) are one of the important approaches in this 21st-century “sustainable society.” High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisims introduces the theoretical background of piezoelectrics, electromechanical phenomenology, loss mechanisms, practical materials, device designs, drive and characterization techniques, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future perspectives in this field. This book is NOT an overall review of this area, but it focuses on important and basic ideas under my development philosophy to understand how to design and develop high-power piezoelectric materials and devices. This textbook is designed for self-learning by the reader aided by the availability of: • Chapter Essentials – Summary for quick memory recovery • Check Points – Answers are provided in the Appendix • Example Problems – To enhance the reader’s understanding with full, detailed solutions • Chapter Problems – For the final exam or further consideration

High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Background of High-Power Piezoelectrics
1.1 Research Motivation for High-Power Piezoelectrics
1.1.1 Piezoelectric Actuators/Motors Commercialization Trend
1.1.2 Multilayer Transducer Invention
1.1.3 Power Supply Development
1.2 Research Motivation for Loss Mechanisms
1.2.1 Device Miniaturization
1.2.2 Previous Studies in Piezoelectric Losses
1.2.3 Dilemma in the Present IEEE Standard
1.3 Structure of This Textbook
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 2 Foundations of Piezoelectrics
2.1 Smart Materials
2.2 Crystal Structure and Ferroelectricity
2.3 Origin of Spontaneous Polarization
2.4 Origin of Field-Induced Strain
2.5 Theory of Ferroelectric Phenomenology
2.5.1 Background of Phenomenology
2.5.1.1 Polarization Expansion
2.5.1.2 Temperature Expansion
2.5.1.3 Stress Expansion
2.5.2 Landau Theory of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition
2.5.2.1 The Second-Order Transition
2.5.2.2 The First-Order Transition
2.5.3 Phenomenological Description of Electrostriction
2.5.3.1 Case I: X = 0
2.5.3.2 Case II: X ≠ 0
2.5.4 Converse Effects of Electrostriction
2.5.5 Temperature Dependence of Electrostriction
2.5.6 Electromechanical Coupling Factor
2.5.6.1 Piezoelectric Constitutive Equations
2.5.6.2 Electromechanical Coupling Factor
2.5.6.3 Intensive and Extensive Parameters
2.6 Tensor/Matrix Description of Piezoelectricity
2.6.1 Tensor Representation
2.6.2 Crystal Symmetry and Tensor Form
2.6.3 Matrix Notation
2.7 Ferroelectric Materials
2.7.1 Physical Properties of Barium Titanate
2.7.2 Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)
2.7.3 Relaxor Ferroelectrics
2.7.4 PVDF
2.7.5 Pb-Free Piezo-Ceramics
2.8 Applications of Ferroelectrics
2.8.1 Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators for Automobile
2.8.2 Ultrasonic Motors for Camera Modules
2.8.3 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Losses
3.1 Electric/Dielectric Losses
3.1.1 Electric Losses
3.1.1.1 Electromagnetic Wave (High Frequency)
3.1.1.2 Electrical Circuit (Low Frequency)
3.1.2 Dielectric Losses
3.1.3 LCR Circuit
3.2 Mechanical Loss/Damping Models
3.2.1 Mechanical Energy Loss Calculation
3.2.2 Laplace Transform
3.2.2.1 Principle of the Laplace Transform
3.2.2.2 Common Forms of the Laplace Transform
3.2.3 Mechanical Loss Classification
3.2.4 Solid Damping
3.2.4.1 Solid Damping/Structural Damping
3.2.4.2 Kaiser Effect – Material’s Memory of History
3.2.4.3 Piezoelectric Passive Damper
3.2.5 Coulomb (Friction) Damping
3.2.5.1 Transient Response Analysis with Laplace Transform
3.2.5.2 Energy Consumption Analysis
3.2.6 Viscous Damping
3.2.6.1 Under Damping (0 ≤ ζ < 1)
3.2.6.2 Critical Damping (ζ = 1)
3.2.6.3 Over Damping (ζ > 1)
3.2.7 Logarithmic Decrement
3.2.7.1 Definition of Logarithmic Decrement
3.2.7.2 Experimental Determination
3.3 Bode Plot – Frequency Response of a System
3.3.1 Steady-State Oscillation
3.3.2 Steady State – Reconsideration
3.3.3 Bode Plot
3.3.4 Mechanical Quality Factor
3.3.5 Complex Algebra Method
3.3.5.1 Complex Displacement
3.3.5.2 Complex Physical Parameter
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 4 Piezoelectric Loss Phenomenology
4.1 Intensive and Extensive Losses
4.1.1 Energy Description of Intensive and Extensive Physical Parameters
4.1.2 Piezoelectric Constitutive Equations with Losses
4.1.2.1 Intensive Losses
4.1.2.2 Extensive Losses
4.1.2.3 K-Matrix in the Intensive and Extensive Losses
4.2 Crystal Symmetry and Losses
4.3 Resonance and Antiresonance
4.3.1 Rectangular Plate k31 Mode
4.3.1.1 Preliminary Model Setting
4.3.1.2 Dynamic Equations for the k31 Mode
4.3.1.3 Admittance/Impedance Calculation for the k31 Mode (Zero Loss Case)
4.3.1.4 Strain Distribution on the k31 Plate
4.3.1.5 Resonance and Antiresonance Modes
4.3.2 Rod Specimen for the k33 Mode
4.3.2.1 Dynamic Equations for the k33 Mode
4.3.2.2 Boundary Condition: E-Constant vs. D-Constant
4.3.3 Resonance/Antiresonance Dynamic Equations with Losses
4.3.3.1 Loss and Mechanical Quality Factor in k31 Mode
4.3.3.2 Loss and Mechanical Quality Factor in k33 Mode
4.3.3.3 Loss and Mechanical Quality Factor in Other Modes
4.3.4 QA and QB in the IEEE Standard
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 5 Equivalent Circuits with Piezo Losses
5.1 Equivalency between Mechanical and Electrical Systems
5.1.1 LCR Series Connection Equivalent Circuit
5.1.2 LCR Parallel Connection Equivalent Circuit
5.2 Equivalent Circuit (Loss-Free) of the k31 Mode
5.2.1 Resonance Mode
5.2.2 Antiresonance Mode
5.3 Equivalent Circuit of the k31 Mode with Losses
5.3.1 IEEE Standard Equivalent Circuit
5.3.2 Equivalent Circuit with Three Losses
5.3.2.1 Hamilton’s Principle
5.3.2.2 k31 Equivalent Circuit with Three Losses
5.3.2.3 Quality Factor in the Equivalent Circuit
5.4 Equivalent Circuit of the k33 Mode with Losses
5.4.1 Resonance/Antiresonance of the k33 Mode
5.4.2 Resonance/Antiresonance of the k33 Mode
5.4.3 Equivalent Circuit of the k33 Mode
5.5 Four- and Six-Terminal Equivalent Circuits (EC) – k31 Case
5.5.1 Four-Terminal Equivalent Circuit
5.5.1.1 Four-Terminal Equivalent Circuit (Zero Loss)
5.5.1.2 Four-Terminal Equivalent Circuit with Three Losses
5.5.2 Six-Terminal Equivalent Circuit
5.5.2.1 Mason’s Equivalent Circuit
5.5.2.2 Application of Six-Terminal EC
5.6 Four- and Six-Terminal Equivalent Circuits (EC) – k33 Case
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 6 Heat Generation in Piezoelectrics
6.1 Heat Generation at Off-Resonance
6.1.1 Heat Generation from Multilayer Actuators
6.1.2 Thermal Analysis on ML Actuators
6.2 Heat Generation under Resonance Conditions
6.2.1 Heat Generation from a Resonating Piezoelectric Specimen
6.2.2 Heat Generation at the Antiresonance Mode
6.2.3 Thermal Analysis on the Resonance Mode
6.2.3.1 Heat Transfer Modeling
6.2.3.2 Temperature Distribution Profile Change with Time
6.3 Thermal Diffusivity in Piezoelectrics
6.3.1 Temperature Distribution Profile vs. Thermal Diffusivity
6.3.2 Thermal Diffusivity Measurements
6.4 Heat Generation under Transient Response
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 7 High-Power Piezo Characterization System
7.1 Loss Measuring Technique I – Pseudo-Static Method
7.2 Loss Measuring Technique II – Admittance/Impedance Spectrum Method
7.2.1 Resonance under Constant Voltage Drive
7.2.2 Resonance under Constant Current Drive
7.2.3 Resonance/Antiresonance under Constant Vibration Velocity
7.2.4 Real Electric Power Method
7.2.5 Determination Methods of the Mechanical Quality Factor
7.2.5.1 Resonance/Antiresonance Frequency Definitions
7.2.5.2 Mechanical Quality Factor Determination
7.2.6 Determination of the Three Losses from the Mechanical Quality Factors
7.3 Loss Measuring Technique III – Transient/Burst Drive Method
7.3.1 Pulse Drive Method
7.3.2 Burst Mode Method
7.3.2.1 Background of Burst Mode Method
7.3.2.2 Force Factor and Voltage Factor
7.3.2.3 Piezoelectric Parameter Determination Procedure
7.3.2.4 Vibration Velocity Dependence of Piezoelectric Parameters by Burst Drive Method
7.4 Loss Measuring Technique – Sample Electrode Configurations
7.4.1 Extensive Loss Measurement in the k31 Mode
7.4.2 Reliable Loss Measurement in the k33 Mode
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 8 Drive Schemes of Piezoelectric Transducers
8.1 Piezo-Actuator Classification and Drive Method
8.1.1 Classification of Piezoelectric Actuators
8.1.2 Drive Frequency and Phase
8.2 Off-Resonance (Pseudo-Dc) Drive
8.2.1 Power Supply Problem for C-Type Drive
8.2.2 Negative Capacitance Usage
8.3 Resonance Drive
8.3.1 Resonance/Antiresonance (Resistive) Drive
8.3.2 Power Minimization (Reactive) Drive
8.4 Fundamental Circuit Components
8.4.1 Power MOSFET
8.4.2 Switching Regulator
8.4.3 On–Off Signal Generator
8.4.4 Piezoelectric Transformer
Chapter Essentials
Check Point
Chapter Problems
References
Chapter 9 Loss Mechanisms in Piezoelectrics
9.1 History of High-Power Piezoelectrics
9.1.1 Renaissance of Piezoelectric Transformers
9.1.2 Multilayer Pulse Drive Motors
9.2 Microscopic Origins of Extensive Losses
9.2.1 Origin of the Multidomain Structure
9.2.2 The Uchida-Ikeda Model
9.2.3 Domain Wall Dynamic Models for Losses
9.3 Crystal Orientation Dependence of Losses
9.3.1 PMN-PT Single Crystal
9.3.2 Loss Anisotropy in PZT Ceramics
9.3.2.1 Twenty Loss Dissipation Factors for a PZT Ceramic
9.3.2.2 Spontaneous Polarization Direction Dependence of Losses
9.4 Composition Dependence of Piezoelectric Losses
9.4.1 PZT-Based Ceramics
9.4.1.1 PZT Binary System
9.4.1.2 Improved High-Power PZTs
9.4.1.3 Semi-hard PZT
9.4.2 Pb-Free Piezoelectrics
9.4.2.1 High-Power Performance in Pb-Free Piezoelectrics
9.4.2.2 Piezoelectric Loss Contribution in Pb-Free Piezoelectrics
9.5 Doping Effect on Piezoelectric Losses
9.5.1 “Hard” and “Soft” PZTs
9.5.2 Dipole Random Alignment
9.5.2.1 Pseudo-DC Drive
9.5.2.2 Resonance Drive
9.5.3 Unidirectionally Fixed Dipole Alignment
9.5.4 Unidirectionally Reversible Dipole Alignment
9.6 Grain Size Effect on Hysteresis and Losses
9.6.1 Pseudo-DC Drive
9.6.2 Resonance Drive
9.7 DC Bias Field and Stress Effect on High-Power Performance
9.7.1 DC Electric Field Bias Effect
9.7.1.1 DC Bias Field vs. Qm
9.7.1.2 DC Bias Electric Field Effect on the Piezoelectric Performance
9.7.2 DC Stress Bias Effect
9.7.2.1 Bolt-Clamped Langevin Transducer
9.7.2.2 Six-Terminal Equivalent Circuit Approach
9.7.2.3 DC Stress Bias Dependence of Physical Parameters and Loss Factors
9.8 Extended Rayleigh Law Approach
9.8.1 The Prandtl–Tomlinson Model for Dry Friction
9.8.1.1 Under-Damping Case
9.8.1.2 Over-Damping Case
9.8.2 Conventional Rayleigh Law
9.8.3 Application of Hyperbolic Rayleigh Law
9.9 Ferroelectric Domain Wall Dynamics – Phenomenology
9.9.1 Domain Formation – Static Structure
9.9.1.1 Depolarization Field
9.9.1.2 Domain Wall Energy
9.9.2 Ginzburg–Landau Functional – Domain Wall Structure Phenomenology
9.9.2.1 Formulation of Ginzburg–Landau Functional
9.9.2.2 Domain Wall Formula
9.9.2.3 Domain Wall Energy
9.9.3 Static Domain Structures – Advanced Form
9.9.4 Domain Wall Dynamics in Phenomenology
9.9.4.1 Domain Wall Dynamic Equation
9.9.4.2 Domain Wall Motion under Zero Field
9.9.4.3 Domain Wall Motion with Dissipation under an Electric Field
9.9.5 Domain Wall Vibrations in Multidomain Structures
9.9.5.1 180° Domain Reversal Model
9.9.5.2 Translational Vibrations of the Multidomain Structures
9.9.5.3 Domain Motion Relaxation versus Ionic Doping

People also search for High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisms 1st:

high power piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer
 
high power piezoelectric generator
 
high power piezoelectric transducer
 
high power piezoelectrics and loss mechanisms
 
high power piezoelectric

Tags: High Power, Piezoelectrics, Loss Mechanisms, Kenji Uchino