How Humans Evolved 8th Edition by Robert Boyd, Joan Silk 0393630153 9780393630152

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ISBN 10: 0393630153
ISBN 13: 9780393630152
Author: Robert Boyd; Joan B. Silk

The most complete introduction to the science of human evolution. With a signature blend of evolutionary theory, population genetics, and behavioral ecology, How Humans Evolved teaches the science and history behind human evolution. Thoroughly updated with coverage of recent research and new discoveries, the Eighth Edition offers the most visual, dynamic, and effective learning tools in its field. The Eighth Edition also includes an expanded suite of animations that help students better visualize and understand tricky concepts, as well as real-world videos and InQuizitive adaptive learning.

How Humans Evolved 8th Table of contents:

Part One: How Evolution Works

Chapter 1: Adaptation by Natural Selection

Explaining Adaptation before Darwin 3

Darwin’s Theory of Adaptation 5

Darwin’s Postulates 6

An Example of Adaptation by Natural Selection 7

Individual Selection 11

The Evolution of Complex Adaptations 12

Why Small Variations Are Important 12

Why Intermediate Steps Are Favored by Selection 14

Rates of Evolutionary Change 17

Darwin’s Difficulties Explaining Variation 21

Chapter 2: Genetics

Mendelian Genetics 25

Cell Division and the Role of Chromosomes in Inheritance 26

Mitosis and Meiosis 28

Chromosomes and Mendel’s Experimental Results 29

Linkage and Recombination 32

A Closer Look 2.1: More on Recombination 34

Molecular Genetics 37

Genes Are DNA 38

Some Genes Code for Proteins 40

Regulatory Sequences Control Gene Expression 47

Not All DNA Codes for Proteins 49

Chapter 3: The Modern Synthesis

Population Genetics 53

Genes in Populations 54

How Random Mating and Sexual Reproduction Change Genotypic Frequencies 55

A Closer Look 3.1: Genotypic Frequencies after Two Generations of Random Mating 59

How Natural Selection Changes Gene Frequencies 59

The Modern Synthesis 60

The Genetics of Continuous Variation 60

How Variation Is Maintained 63

Natural Selection and Behavior 65

Constraints on Adaptation 68

Correlated Characters 68

Disequilibrium 70

Genetic Drift 71

Local versus Optimal Adaptations 74

A Closer Look 3.2: The Geometry of Area/Volume Ratios 76

Other Constraints on Evolution 76

Chapter 4: Speciation and Phylogeny

What Are Species 81

The Biological Species Concept 83

The Ecological Species Concept 84

The Origin of Species 86

Allopatric Speciation 86

Parapatric and Sympatric Speciation 89

The Tree of Life 91

Why Reconstruct Phylogenies 93

How to Reconstruct Phylogenies 95

A Closer Look 4.1: The Role of Phylogeny in the Comparative Method 96

Problems Due to Convergence 97

Problems Due to Ancestral Characters 98

Using Genetic-Distance Data to Date Phylogenetic Events 101

Taxonomy: Naming Names 103

Part Two: Primate Ecology and Behavior

Chapter 5: Primate Diversity and Ecology

Two Reasons to Study Primates

Primates Are Our Closest Relatives

Primates Are a Diverse Order

Features That Define the Primates

Primate Biogeography

A Taxonomy of Living Primates

A Closer Look 5.1: Teeth and Guts: You Are What You Can Chew

Primate Diversity

The Strepsirrhines

The Haplorrhines

Primate Ecology

The Distribution of Food

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