Materials Science in Photocatalysis 1st Edition by Elisa I Garcia Lopez, Leonardo Palmisano ISBN 9780128218594 0128218592

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ISBN 10: 0128218592
ISBN 13: 9780128218594
Author: Elisa I Garcia Lopez, Leonardo Palmisano

__Materials Science in Photocatalysis__ provides a complete overview of the different semiconductor materials, from titania to third-generation photocatalysts, examining the increasing complexity and novelty of the materials science in photocatalytic materials. The book describes the most recommended synthesis procedure for each of them and the suitable characterization techniques for determining the optical, structural, morphological, and physical-chemical properties. The most suitable applications of the photocatalysts are described in detail, as well as their environmental applications for wastewater treatment, gaseous effluents depollution, water splitting, CO2 ?xation, selective organic synthesis, coupling reactions, and other selective transformations under both UV light and visible-light irradiation.
This book offers a useful reference for a wide audience from students studying chemical engineering and materials chemistry to experienced researchers working on chemical engineering, materials science, materials engineering, environment engineering, nanotechnology, and green chemistry

Materials Science in Photocatalysis 1st Edition Table of contents:

Fundamentals of photocatalysis: The role of the photocatalysts in heterogeneous photo-assisted reactions
Introduction
Basic principles of photocatalysis
Conclusions
References
Preparation of photocatalysts by chemical methodologies
Introduction
Synthesis of photocatalysts as powders by chemical methodologies: An overview
Precipitation and co-precipitation
Sol-gel process
Hydrothermal/solvothermal syntheses
Microemulsion technique
Solid-state reactions
Citrate complex method
Solution combustion synthesis (SCS)
Conclusions
References
Preparation of photocatalysts by physical methodologies
Introduction
Bulk photocatalysts
Spray pyrolysis
Flame syntheses
Flame hydrolysis
Flame spray pyrolysis
Sonochemical method
Microwave irradiation
Mechanochemical synthesis
Preparation of supported photocatalysts as thin films and coatings
Wet-coating technologies: Dip-coating and spin-coating
Chemical vapor deposition
Physical vapor deposition
Vacuum deposition
Sputtering
Arc vapor deposition
Pulsed laser deposition (laser ablation)
Spray pyrolysis deposition
Electrodeposition
Conclusions
References
Flame-based synthesis of oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications
Flame-based synthesis of oxide nanoparticles
General properties
Flame hydrolysis
Flame spray pyrolysis
Analogous synthesis methods
Other flame-based techniques
Application of flame-based synthesis to photocatalysis
Titania-based catalysts
Other oxides
Flame-based synthesis of materials with potential photocatalytic applications
Conclusions
References
Methodologies of synthesis of titania and titania-graphene photocatalysts
Introduction to synthesis methodologies
Gas phase methodologies for TiO2 production
Chemical vapor condensation (CVD)
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) synthesis
Thermal plasma synthesis (TPS)
Atomic layer deposition (ALS)
Arc discharge synthesis (ADS)
Laser pyrolysis synthesis (LPS)
Liquid phase methodologies for TiO2 synthesis
Sol-gel methodologies
Microemulsion synthesis: Micelle and reverse micelle methodologies
Hydrothermal method
Solvothermal synthesis
Sonochemical synthesis
Co-precipitation synthesis
Other noncommon synthesis methodologies
Solid-phase production for TiO2 synthesis
Mechanical attrition
Mechanochemical synthesis
Removal of solvents: Washing step
Filtering and washing
Centrifugation and washing
Dialysis
Heat treatment step
Drying
Calcination
Calcination atmosphere
References
Experimental methods in thermodynamic and kinetic studies on photocatalytic materials
Introduction
Band gap energy determination
Band edges and Fermi level
Semiconductor/metal
Semiconductor/semiconductor
Influence of light on the Fermi level
Experimental methods
Semiconductor/electrolyte interface
Methods of the flat band potential determination
Density of states and intraband gap states
Kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer
Time-resolved techniques
Conclusions
References
Photoelectrochemical characterization of photocatalysts
Introduction
Fundamentals on photocurrent spectroscopy
Photoelectrochemical behavior of semiconductor/electrolyte junction
Energetics of semiconductor/electrolyte junction
Conclusions
References
Application of EPR techniques in the study of photocatalytic systems
Electron paramagnetic resonance: Short introduction
g-factor
Hyperfine interaction
EPR line shape and signal intensity
EPR studies of nanocrystalline photocatalysts
EPR studies of dispersed photocatalytic systems
References
Approaching photocatalysts characterization under real conditions: In situ and operando studies
Introduction. Promises and challenges of in situ and operando studies in Photocatalysis
Operando FTIR for the study of photocatalytic processes
Sampling techniques and experimental set-ups for FTIR
Molecular insights on photocatalytic reactions obtained by means of FTIR studies
Raman and other vibrational spectroscopies
X-ray absorption spectroscopy
XPS
Magnetic resonance techniques: NMR and ESR
Concluding remarks
References
Titanium(IV) oxide
Titanium(IV) oxide
Polymorphs of titanium(IV) oxide
Methods for preparation of polymorphs of titania
Photocatalytic activities of anatase and rutile
Mechanistic analysis of photocatalytic reactions by action spectra [13]Heterogeneity in Evonik P25 [21]Isolation of anatase and rutile from P25
Crystalline composition of P25 [21]Synergistic effect of anatase and rutile in P25 [21]Amorphous titania
Structure of amorphous titania
Photocatalytic activity of amorphous titania [33]Brookite titania and TiO2(B) [36]References
Development of hight active visible light-responsive TiO2 photocatalysts by applying ion engineering techniques
Introduction
Ion engineering techniques
Visible light responsive TiO2 photocatalysts
Modification of the electronic properties of TiO2 semiconductor photocatalysts by a metal ion implantation method [7 …
Preparation of transparent TiO2 thin film photocatalysts and the Cr-implanted TiO2 thin films operating under visibl …
One-step preparation of the visible light responsive TiO2 thin film photocatalysts by a RF-magnetron sputtering depo …
Conclusions
References
Semiconductor sensitizer composites for enhanced photoinduced processes
Introduction
Semiconductors in photocatalysis
The TiO2 photocatalyst
Other semiconductors (ZnO, WO3, g-C3N4)
ZnO
WO3
g-C3N4
Porphyrin and phthalocyanine sensitizers
Porphyrins (general properties and synthesis)
Phthalocyanines (general structure and synthesis)
Structure-related issues
Electronic, spectrochemical, and photochemical properties
UV-vis absorption and emission spectra
Singlet oxygen generation
Advanced composite (hybrid) photocatalysts
The TiO2PS systems
The essentials of the photosensitized process
Methods of catalyst preparation
Physicochemical characteristics of hybrid catalysts
Application in photoinduced processes
Elimination of pollutants from water
Mixed semiconductor matrices TiO2/WO3
Photocatalyzed oxidation in the gas phase
Photocatalyzed reduction of CO2
Photocatalyzed reduction of Cr(VI)
Photochemical syntheses (g-C3Ns)
Hydrogen production
References
Nanostructured-based WO3 photocatalysts: Recent development, activity enhancement, perspectives and applicati …
Introduction
Recent developments
Morphology effect on the photocatalytic properties of WO3
Precursor effect on the morphology of WO3
Morphology and its influence on the degradation of organic pollutants
Influence of crystalline structure on its morphology and photocatalytic behavior
Nanostructures of WO3
Heterostructures of WO3
Photocatalytic activity enhancement of WO3
Conclusive remarks and perspectives
References
Photoactive systems based on semiconducting metal oxides
Introduction
Photocatalytic phenomena explained via electron paramagnetic resonance technique
N-TiO2
Ce-ZrO2
CeO2-ZnO
Conclusions
References
Iron oxide-based magnetic photocatalysts: Recent developments, challenges, and environmental applications
Introduction
Iron oxide-metal oxide photocatalysts
Iron oxide-carbon containing photocatalysts
Iron oxide-polymer photocatalysts
Conclusion
References
Strategic design and evaluation of metal oxides for photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Introduction: Greenhouse gases and climate change
Photocatalysis and photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Strategic design and evaluation of metal oxides in photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Application requirements, desired material properties, and characterization of the photocatalysts
Light absorption from metal oxides
Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide molecule
Mechanism behind photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Structural characteristics of a metal oxide
Strategic testing and evaluation
Identification of products and evaluation of photocatalysts in CO2 reduction
Conclusions
References
Nanostructured sulfide based photocatalysts using visible light for environmental and energy purposes
Introduction
Tri- and tetrahedrally coordinated sulfides
Sulfides having sixfold coordinated cations
In2S3
The spectral response and photo-corrosion resistance of In2S3
Research on the mechanism of degradation of the rhodamine B dye
Two-photon processes with V-substituted In2S3
Photocatalytic generation of H2 with a hydrogenase-In2S3 combination
Photo-electrochemical production of O2 by a laccase-In2S3 electrode
A system related to In2S3: ZnIn2S4
SnS2
The spectral response of SnS2
Two-photon processes with V-substituted SnS2
Photoelectrochemical production of O2 by a laccase-SnS2 electrode
Conclusions
References
Synthesis of MoS2 materials for photocatalysis applications and pollution abatement
Introduction
Structures and properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)
Preparation of MoS2
Mechanical exfoliation and chemical exfoliation methods
Hydrothermal synthesis
Chemical vapor deposition
Modification of MoS2
Graphene doping
Metal ion doping
Application of MoS2
Photocatalytic water-splitting
Photocatalytic degradation
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Summary and perspective
References
Heterogeneous photocatalysts based on iso- and heteropolytungstates
Photocatalysis by polyoxotungstates
Decatungstate photocatalysis
Heterogeneous polyoxotungstates as photocatalysts
POTs heterogenized on photocatalytically inert supports
Impregnation
Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
Partial oxidation of alcohols
Degradation reactions
Entrapment by sol-gel procedure
Partial oxidation of alcohols
Degradation reactions
Ionic exchange: Resins and modified silica supports
Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
Oxidative bromination of hydrocarbons
Degradation reactions
Occlusion in polymeric membranes
Immobilization into metal organic frameworks
C-C bond formation
Partial oxidation
Degradation reactions
POTs heterogenized on photocatalytically active supports
Conclusions
References
Heterogeneous photo-assisted catalytic hydration/dehydration reactions based on Keggin and Wells-Dawson type …
Introduction
HPAs based on heterogeneous photocatalysts
References
Niobate-based perovskites: Characterization, preparation, and photocatalytic properties
Aims and scope
Introduction
Perovskites oxides
Historical background
Structural and compositional flexibility
Photocatalytic applications
Niobates perovskites
Compositional variety
Preparation methods and morphology
Photocatalytic performance
Perspectives
References
Insights on the photocatalytic performances of LaFeO3 synthesized by solution combustion synthesis
Introduction
Synthetic strategy
Physical-chemical characterization of LaFeO3
Photocatalytic applications and performances of LaFeO3
Peculiar behavior related to pretreatment issues
References
TiO2-copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) photocatalytic thin films for up-scalable wastewater treatment
Introduction
TiO2-CZTS thin film deposition
TiO2-CZTS thin film characterization and testing
The photocatalytic removal of pollutants
Conclusions
References
Graphene and graphene-oxide for enhancing the photocatalytic properties of materials
Short general introduction
Graphene and GO, preparation, composition, structure, behaviors
Graphene and graphene oxide
Graphene and GO synthesis
Graphene and GO structure
Physico-chemical characterization
Applications in photocatalysis
H2O reduction
CO2 photoreduction for CO and fuel production
Other photocatalytic syntheses
GO and rGO in hybrid materials for water depollution and disinfection
Synthesis of hybrid materials
GO loading and degree of reduction
Oxide nanoparticles and organic substrates
Photocatalytic membranes
References
Nanostructured composites based on Bi and Ti mixed oxides for visible-light assisted heterogeneous photocatalysis
Introduction
Influence of Bi2O3 loading on the properties of TiO2+β-Bi2O3 composites
Influence of TiO2 support on the properties of TiO2+β-Bi2O3 composites
Concluding remarks and research perspectives
References
Composite materials in thermo-photo catalysis
Thermo-photocatalysis: A brief outlook
Environmental applications in thermo-photocatalysis
Energy-related applications of thermo-photocatalysis
Synthesis of chemicals with thermo-photocatalysis
Conclusions
References
Plasmonic photocatalysis
Introduction
Synthesis of plasmonic photocatalysts
Mechanism clarifications on plasmonic photocatalysts
Charge transfer (plasmon-assisted photocatalysis)
Energy transfer (plasmon-assisted photocatalysis)
Plasmonic heating (plasmon-assisted catalysis)
Property-governed mechanism and activity
Applications
Environmental purification-Degradation of organic compounds
Environmental purification-Inactivation of microorganisms
Solar energy conversion
Other applications of plasmonic photocatalysts
New trends for activity and stability enhancements
Nano-architecture design
Hybrid nanostructures
Phonic crystal-based plasmonic photocatalysts
Summary and conclusions
References
Graphitic carbon nitride-based metal-free photocatalyst
Introduction
Organic semiconductors: A focus on g-C3N4
Photophysical and electrochemical properties
Synthesis and modification of g-C3N4
g-C3N4-based heterojunction photocatalysts
g-C3N4 as photocatalyst: Applications
Water photosplitting
Artificial photosynthesis, photocatalytic CO2 reduction
g-C3N4 in advanced oxidation processes
g-C3N4-based photocatalytic disinfection
Synthesis of value-added compounds through g-C3N4-based photocatalytic processes
g-C3N4 beyond (photo)catalysis: Analytical applications
Conclusions
References
Two-dimensional layered double hydroxide based photocatalysts for environmental clean-up and renewable energy …
Introduction
Characteristics of LDHs as photocatalysts
Compositional structures
Interlayer structures
Defective structures
Electronic properties
Applications of photocatalytic systems
Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds
Photocatalytic organic synthesis
Photocatalytic water splitting
LDHs for photocatalytic oxygen generation
LDHs for photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Photocatalytic N2 fixation
Photocatalytic elimination of NOx
Conclusion and perspective
References
Crystalline two-dimensional organic porous polymers (covalent organic frameworks) for photocatalysis
Introduction
Overview of photocatalysis
Overview of covalent organic frameworks (COFs)
Principles of photocatalytic water splitting reaction
COF based photocatalytic reactions
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)
Organic transformations
Reduction of CO2 to CO
Conclusions
References
Photocatalytic membranes and membrane reactors for CO2 valorization
Introduction
Membrane reactors
Membrane as separator or extractor
Membrane as distributor
Membrane as contactor
Membrane Reactor configurations
Photocatalytic membrane solutions
Photocatalytic membrane reactors for CO2 reduction
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction in continuous membrane reactors: Case studies
Photoelectrocatalytic membrane reactor
Perspectives and challenges
References
Photocatalysis by metal-organic frameworks
Introduction
MOFs as photocatalysts
General photocatalytic mechanism
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Benzyl alcohol oxidations
Pollutant degradation
Photoredox reactions
Conclusions and future perspective
References
Ti-based metal-organic frameworks for visible light photocatalysis
Introduction
Visible light photocatalysis of Ti-MOFs for selective organic transformations
Visible light photocatalytic selective oxidation of amines
Photocatalytic selective oxidation of alcohols
Miscellaneous photocatalytic selective transformations
Concluding remarks
References
Homogeneous photocatalysts immobilized on polymeric supports: Environmental and chemical synthesis applications
Introduction
Homogeneous photocatalysts
Immobilization of homogeneous photocatalyst
Homogeneous photocatalysts immobilized on synthetic polymers
Homogeneous photocatalysts immobilized on biopolymers
Summary and future prospects
References
Soluble bioorganic substances from compost as photosensitizers for a sustainable homogeneous and heterogeneou …
Introduction
Types of SBOs: From the original biowaste to extraction methods
Composition and general features of SBOs
Applications of SBOs
SBOs in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
Characterization of SBO-containing photocatalytic materials
Performance of SBO-containing materials in photocatalysis
References
Biology-inspired photocatalysis: Recent advances in biomimetic photocatalytic nanosystems synthesis and appli …
Overview of bioinspired photocatalysis
Biomaterial-assisted photocatalysts synthesis
Photocatalysts by plant extract-mediated synthesis
Biosynthesis and bioaugmentation of photocatalysts
Photocatalysts by biotemplated synthesis
Biostructure-inspired photocatalysts
Artificial leaf
Other natural hierarchical architecture inspirations
Enzymes and enzyme-like photocatalysts
Biohybrids in photocatalysis
Exploitation of biomolecules: Natural pigments and vitamins
Peptides and polymer photocatalysts
Melanin/polydopamine-based hybrids in photocatalysis
Bionic leaf
Concluding remarks and outlook
References
Fungal resistance on photocatalytic ceramic surfaces: The ultimate role of the metal in the AgTiO2 photocatal …
Introduction
Experimental
Materials
TiO2
AgTiO2
Photocatalyst characterization
Tiles industrial manufacturing
Characterization of photocatalytic tiles
Fungi resistance tests
Algicidal activity
Results and discussion
Samples characterization
Fungal resistance
Literature overview
Antifungal activity of TiO2-based photocatalysts in light condition
Antifungal activity of TiO2-based photocatalysts in dark condition
AgNPsTiO2 based photocatalysts as antifungal materials
Results
Algae resistance results
Conclusions
References
Index

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Tags: Elisa I Garcia Lopez, Leonardo Palmisano, Materials Science, Photocatalysis