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Medical Ethics Accounts of Ground Breaking Cases 9th Edition by Gregory E Pence ISBN 9781260241044 1260241041

Name: Medical Ethics Accounts of Ground Breaking Cases 9th Edition by Gregory E Pence ISBN 9781260241044 1260241041
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Medical Ethics: Accounts of Ground-Breaking Cases (Ninth Edition) Gregory E. Pence Digital Instant Download

Author(s): Gregory E. Pence

ISBN(s): 9781260241044, 1260241041

Edition: 9th

File Details: PDF, 10.21 MB

Year: 2020

Language: English

SKU: EB-45795302 Category: Medicine - Health-Related Professions Tag: Gregory E. Pence

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Medical Ethics Accounts of Ground Breaking Cases 9th Edition by Gregory E Pence – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 9781260241044 ,1260241041
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ISBN 10: 1260241041
ISBN 13: 9781260241044
Author: Gregory E Pence

Medical Ethics , 9e provides an in-depth study of Bioethics authored by a pioneer in the field. The thought-provoking content affords students the opportunity to think beyond what is presented in the book, enabling them to actively assess what they have read. It includes discussions of famous cases while providing detailed analyses of the issues those cases raise. Pence integrates descriptions of the cases and their issues with historical overviews, following cases over decades to tell readers what did, and often what did not, happen. They will benefit from a new chapter on the ethics of weight management, a half chapter devoted to the opioid epidemic and links in each chapter to online videos that dramatize the cases and issues discussed throughout this new edition.

Medical Ethics Accounts of Ground Breaking Cases 9th Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Good and Bad Ethical Reasoning; Moral Theories and Principles

Chapter 1 Introduction

Good Reasoning In Bioethics

Giving Reasons

Universalization

Impartiality

Reasonableness

Civility

Mistakes in Ethical Reasoning

Slippery Slope

Ad Hominem (“To the Man”)

Tu Quoque (Pronounced “Tew-kwoh-kway”)

Straw Man/Red Herring

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc (“After This, Therefore, Because of This”)

Appeal to Authority

Appeals to Feelings and Upbringing

Ad Populum

False Dichotomy (“Either-Or” Fallacy)

Equivocation

Begging the Question

Ethical Theories, Principles, and Bioethics

Moral Relativism

Utilitarianism

Problems of Utilitarianism

Kantian Ethics

Problems of Kantian Ethics

Wrong versus Harming

The Ethics of Care

Virtue Ethics

Natural Law

Theories of Justice

Libertarianism

Rawls’s Theory of Justice

Marxism

Four Principles of Bioethics

Final Comment

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 2: Requests to Die: Terminal and Nonterminal Patients

Chapter 2 Introduction

Elizabeth Bouvia, Larry McAfee, Brittany Maynard, Jack Kevorkian, Anna Pou

The Case of Elizabeth Bouvia (1983–Present)

The Legal Battle: Refusing Sustenance

The Case of Larry Mcafee (1985–1995)

The Case of Dax Cowart

The Case of Brittany Maynard (2013–2014)

Background: Perspectives on Dying Well

Greece and Rome

The Bible and Religious Views

Philosophers on Voluntary Death

The Nazis and “Euthanasia”

Hospice and Palliative Care

Dying in Holland

Jack Kevorkian

Dr. Anna Pou

Recent Legal Decisions

Oregon, 1994

Assisted Dying in Canada and Other Countries

More Americans Die at Home in Hospice, but Scandals Plague Hospice

Ancient Greece and the Hippocratic Oath

Ethical Issues

The Concept of Assisted Suicide

Misconceptions about Suicide

Rationality and Competence

Autonomy

Inadequate Resources and Poor Treatment

Social Prejudice and Physical Disabilities

Is Killing Always Wrong?

Killing versus Letting Die

Relief of Suffering

Slippery Slopes

Physicians’ Roles, Cries for Help, and Compassion

Implementing Physician-Assisted Dying

Mistakes and Abuses

Cries for Help

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 5: Assisted Reproduction, Multiple Gestations, Surrogacy, and Elderly Parents

Chapter 5 Introduction

The Octomom and The Gosselins

Louise Brown, The First Test Tube Baby

Harm to Research from Alarmist Media

Later Developments in Assisted Reproduction

Sperm and Egg Transfer

Freezing Gamete Material

MIX-UPS AND FERTILITY FRAUD

ETHICAL ISSUES ABOUT SPERM DONORS

Ethical Issues

Payment for Assisted Reproduction: Gametic Donors

Payment for Assisted Reproduction: Adoption

Paid Surrogacy: The Baby M and Jaycee Cases

Multiple Births: Before the Octomom and Gosselins

Older Parents

Gender Selection

Unnatural

Physical Harm to Babies Created in New Ways

Psychological Harm to Babies Created in New Ways

Paradoxes about Harm and Reproduction

Wronging versus Harming

Harm by Not Knowing One’s Biological Parents?

Is Commercialization of Assisted Reproduction Wrong?

Screening for Genetic Disease: A New Eugenics?

Designer Babies?

Assisted Reproduction Worldwide

Time to Regulate Fertility Clinics?

Conclusion

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 6: Embryos, Stem Cells, and Reproductive Cloning

Chapter 6 Introduction

Background on Embryonic Research, Cloning, and Stem Cells

The Ethics of Stem Cell Clinics

Ethical Issues About Embryos

Valuable from Conception

Potential for Personhood

Slippery Slopes

Reductio ad Absurdum

The Interest View

Embryos and Respect

The Opportunity Cost of Missed Research

My Tissue

Moot?

Human-Monkey Embryos

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive Cloning: Myths about Cloned Persons

Against the Will of God?

The Right to a Unique Genetic Identity

Unnatural and Perverse

The Right to an Open Future

Problems with Primate Cloning

The Spindle Problem

Inequality

Good of the Child

Only Way to Have One’s Own Baby

Stronger Genetic Connection

Liberty

A Rawlsian Argument for Cloning and Choice

Links between Embryonic and Reproductive Cloning

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 8: Medical Research on Animals

Chapter 8 Introduction

The Gennarelli and Taub studies on primates

The Animal Research Front and Gennarelli’s Research

Evaluating the Philadelphia Study

Peta and Edward Taub’s Research On Monkeys

The Law and Animal Research

Numbers and Kinds of Animals in Research

Descartes on Animal Pain

C. S. Lewis on Animal Pain

Philosophy of Mind and Ethics

Peter Singer on Speciesism

Tom Regan on Animal Rights

Why We Need Animals in Research: The Official View

Critiquing the Official View

Chimpanzees and Research

Xenotransplants and Chimeras

A Half-Century of Successes of the Animal Rights Movement

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 9: Medical Research on Vulnerable Populations

Chapter 9 Introduction

Tuskegee, Krieger Leadpaint, HIV Vertical Transmission in Africa, Bucharest Early Intervention Studies

Infamous Medical Experiments

William Beaumont

Nazi Medical Research

Josef Mengele

The Nuremberg Code

Questionable American Research

The Tuskegee Study (Or “Study”)

Nature and History of Syphilis

The Racial Environment

Development of the Tuskegee Study

Ethical Issues in The Tuskegee Study

Informed Consent and Deception

Racism

Media Coverage

Harm to Subjects

Effects on Subjects’ Families

Kant and Motives of Researchers

Other Studies Like the Tuskegee Study

HIV Prevention in Africa: Another Tuskegee Study?

The Krieger Lead Paint Study

1946–1948: The Guatemalan Syphilis Study

Financial Conflicts and Twenty-First-Century Research

Toward International Standards of Research Ethics

The Collaborative Model

The Death of Jesse Gelsinger

The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (Beip)

Radium Girls

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 10: Ethical Issues in First-Time Organ Surgeries

Chapter 10 Introduction

The First Heart Transplant, Artificial Hearts; The First Face, Hand, and Uterine Transplants

The First Heart Transplant

Fame Cometh

The Post-Transplant Era: “Surgery Went Nuts”

Barney Clark’s Artificial Heart

The Implant

Post-Clark Implants

Limb Transplants

Face Transplants

Ethical Issues in First-Time Surgeries

The Desire to Be First and Famous

Concerns about Criteria of Death

Quality of Life

LVADs as a Final Destination

Defending Surgery

Cosmetic versus Therapeutic Surgery

Expensive Rescue versus Cheap Prevention

Real Informed Consent?

Conclusion

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 11: The God Committee

Chapter 11 Introduction

Just Distribution of Scarce Medical Resources and Personal Responsibility

The God Committee and Artificial Kidneys

Shana Alexander Publicizes the God Committee; Starts Bioethics

The End Stage Renal Disease Act (ESRDA)

The Birth of Bioethics

Supply and Demand of Donated Organs

Ethical Issues in Allocating Scarce Medical Resources

Social Worth

Personal Responsibility for Illness and Expensive Resources

Kant and Rescher on Just Allocation

Wealth, Celebrities, Justice, and Waiting Lists for Organs

Retransplants

The Rule of Rescue

Sickest First, UNOS, and the Rule of Rescue

Living Donors

Costs and the Medical Commons

Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation

The God Committee, Again

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 12: Using One Baby for Another

Chapter 12 Introduction

Babies Fae, Gabriel, and Theresa and Conjoined Twins

1984: Baby Fae

1987: Baby Gabriel and Baby Holc

1992: Baby Theresa

1993: The Lakeberg Case: Separating Conjoined Twins

Ethical Issues

Use of Animals as Resources for Humans

Alternative Treatments?

Babies as Subjects of Research

Informed Consent

The Media

Therapy or Research?

Ethics and Terminology: Infants as “Donors”

Anencephalics and Brain Death

Saving Other Children

Costs and Opportunity Costs

Update on Xenotransplantation

Conclusion

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 13: Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Intersex and Transgender Persons

Chapter 13 Introduction

David Reimer

Basic Concepts in Modern Sexology

Intersex People

Medical Science—Sexual Orientation of Gay and Lesbian People

Sports and Intersex Athletes

The Case of Andraya Yearwood

Is Gender Binary in Biology?

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

The Fetal Dex Controversy

Ethical Issues

What Is Normal and Who Defines It?

Secrecy in the Child’s Best Interest

Ending the Shame and Secrecy

Transgender/Intersex and Civil Rights

An Alternative, Conservative View

Ken Kipnis’s Proposals

Medical Exceptions

When Should Physicians Help Teenagers Transition?

The Dutch Approach: Delaying Puberty

Conclusions

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 14: Involuntary Psychiatric Commitment and Research on People with Schizophrenia

Chapter 14 Introduction

The Case of Joyce Brown

The Legal Conflict

Ideology and Insanity

Patients’ Rights

Legal Victories for Psychiatric Patients

Deinstitutionalization

Violence and the Mentally Ill Homeless in the Cities

Ethical Issues

Paternalism, Autonomy, and Diminished Competence

Homelessness and Commitment

Psychiatry and Commitment

Suffering and Commitment: Benefit and Harm

Housing for the Mentally Ill as an Ethical Issue

Mass Shootings and the Mentally Ill

Ethical Issues in Research on People with Schizophrenia

Washout Period

Schizophrenia

Problems of Consent in Schizophrenia Research

Family Dilemmas

Drug Companies and Research on Schizophrenia

Researchers Defend Themselves

Harm to Subjects and the Kantian Ideal of Patient Care

Structural Critiques of Modern Psychiatric Research

The CATIE Study

The Revolt Against Biological Psychiatry

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 15: Ethical Issues in Pre-Symptomatic Testing for Genetic Disease: Nancy Wexler, Angelina Jolie, Diabetes and Alzheimer’s

Chapter 15 Introduction

Case 1: Angelina Jolie and Genetic Testing for Cancer

Background: Basic Genetics

Case 2: Nancy Wexler and Huntington’s Disease

The Eugenics Movement

Case 3: Testing for Diabetes

Case 4: Testing for Alzheimer’s Disease

Ethical Issues

Preventing Disease

Testing as Self-Interest

Testing Only to Hear Good News

Testing as a Duty to One’s Family

Testing One’s Family by Testing Oneself

Testing to Find Biological Parents and Siblings

Personal Responsibility for Disease

Testing and Sick Identities

Preventing Suicide by Not Knowing

Testing Only with Good Counseling

Genetic Testing and Insurance

Premature Announcements and Oversimplifications

Caveat Emptor: Making Money from Genetic Testing

Preventing Genetic Disease

Mitochondrial Donation Therapy

All of Us

Embryo Repair

CRISPR and Gene Therapy

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 16: Ethical Issues in Stopping the Global Spread of Infectious Diseases: AIDS, Ebola, and Zika

Chapter 16 Introduction

Background: Epidemics, Plagues, and AIDS

A Brief History of AIDS

AIDS and Ideology

Transmission of HIV and Testing for HIV

Kimberly Bergalis’s Case

Two Ethical Issues in Stopping the Spread of Aids

Homosexuality

HIV Exceptionalism

Stopping the Worldwide Spread of Hiv: Four Views

Educational Prevention

Feminism

Triage

Structuralism

Replies and Rebuttals

Progress

Ethical Issues in Preparing for Future Pandemics

Zika Outbreak in Brazil

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 17: Ethical Issues of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Chapter 17 Introduction

Rosalyn Schwartz

Universal Medical Coverage

1962 to Present: Canada

The National Health Service in England

The American Medical System: 1962–2012

1965: Medicare Begins

1965: Medicaid Begins

1997: CHIP

Tricare and VA Hospitals

1985: COBRA

1986: EMTALA

1996: HIPAA

1962–2012: Coverage at Work through Private Plans

Blue Cross/Blue Shield and Kinds of Ratings

Oregon, Vermont, and Massachusetts Cover Everyone

2010: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

For and Against the Aca

Opposing the ACA #1: Undocumented Immigrants

Favoring the ACA #1: Undocumented Immigrants

Favoring the ACA #2: Greater Efficiency

Opposing the ACA #2: Federal Bureaucracy Is Inefficient

Favoring the ACA #3: Making Medicine Rational

Opposing the ACA #3: Government Cannot Make Medical Finance Rational

Opposing the ACA #4: Health Care Is Not a Right

Favoring the ACA #4: Minimal Health Care Is a Right

Opposing the ACA #5: Health Care Is Not a Right

Favoring the ACA #5: Costs Can Be Controlled

Opposing the ACA #6: Intergenerational Injustice

Favoring the ACA #6: No Intergenerational Injustice

Update: Fourteen Years of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

2016–2020

The Public Option

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 18: Ethical Issues in Medical Enhancement (and their effect on people with Disabilities)

Chapter 18 Introduction

Famous Cases of Enhancement

Oscar Pistorius and His Cheetahs

Tess and Prozac

Cycling and Doping

Ritalin, Adderall, and ADHD

Personal Body Shaping and Surgery

Ethical Issues of Medical Enhancement

What Counts as an Enhancement?

Positional Advantage

An Arms Race

End Secrecy:Legalize Enhancements

Inauthentic

Cheating

Not So Dangerous

Bad Effects of Legalization

The Role of Physicians

Disability and Enhancements

Conclusion

Further Reading

Discussion Questions

Notes

Chapter 19: Ethical Issues in Treating Alcoholism

Chapter 19 Introduction

Disputes Among Alcoholics Anonymous, Kant, Neuroscience, Genetics, Harm Reduction, and Social Justice

A Case Study: Ernie Crowfeather

Is Alcoholism a Disease?

Neuroscience on Alcoholism and Addiction

Geneticists on Alcoholism

Kant on Human Dignity, Free Will, and Alcoholism

Sociologists on Alcoholism

Fingarette’s Research

America’s Opioid Epidemic

Harm Reduction

Social Justice

John Rawls and His Theory of Justice

Conclusions

Discussion questions

Further Reading

Notes

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