Netter Atlas of Neuroscience 4th Edition by David Felten, Michael OBanion, Mary E Maida ISBN 9780323756549 0323756549

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ISBN 10: 0323756549
ISBN 13: 9780323756549
Author: David Felten, Michael OBanion, Mary E Maida

Ideal for any student of neuroanatomy, neuroscience, or other medical or science disciplines involving the nervous system, Netter’s Atlas of Neuroscience, 4th Edition, is a highly visual, clinically oriented exploration of structure and function—from neurons to motor and sensory systems to global neural function and dysfunction. This award-winning text approaches this complex topic from three perspectives: Neuroscience Overview, Regional Neuroscience, and Systemic Neuroscience. Illustrations by Frank H. Netter, MD, and others following in his tradition are framed by concise, expert text and accompanied by neuroimaging, photomicrographs, and summary diagrams.

• Combines Netter and Netter-like illustrations, and beautiful molecular and cellular illustrations, with succinct text and clinical points, delivering the essential information students need for both basic science and clinical programs.
• Presents organizational and summarized neurosciences information, enabling students to review complex concepts, functions, and systems in several contexts.
• Provides an overview of the basic features of cellular and molecular neuroscience; peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brain stem and cerebellum, and the brain; reviews the neural vasculature, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, and developmental neuroscience.
• Highlights cross-sectional spinal cord and brain stem anatomy and side-by-side comparisons of Netter illustrations and MRIs of axial and coronal brain sections, including extensive clinical correlations.
• Focuses on foundational concepts as well as clinically relevant discussions.
• Expands basic neural connectivity and functional roles of limbic structures and behavior.
• Reviews Global Neural Functions and Disorders in a brand new chapter with more than a dozen new art plates.
• Includes many new art plates covering current topics including neural foundations of addiction, dementias, several neuropsychiatric disorders, consciousness, coma and its assessment, sleep regulation, postnatal and adult neurogenesis, endogenous opioid systems, endogenous cannabinoid systems, and others.

Netter Atlas of Neuroscience 4th Edition Table of contents:

Section I. Overview of the Nervous System

1. Neurons and Their Properties

Anatomical and Molecular Properties

1.2. 3D Neuronal Structure and Neurohistology

1.3. Neuronal Ultrastructure

1.4. Types of Synapses

1.5. Neuronal Cell Types

1.6. Molecular Techniques for Studying Neurons

1.7. Genetic Models for Studying Neurons and Their Disorders

1.8. Glial Cell Types

1.9. Astrocyte Biology

1.10. Microglial Biology

1.11. Oligodendrocyte Biology

1.12. Neuronal Growth Factors and Trophic Factors

1.13. Stem Cells in the CNS: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms

1.14. Stem Cell Therapy

1.15. Blood-Brain Barrier

1.16. Inflammation in the CNS

1.17. Axonal Transport in the CNS And PNS

1.18. Myelination of CNS AND PNS Axons

1.19. Development of Myelination and Axon Ensheathment

Electrical Properties

1.21. Neuronal Membrane Potential and Sodium Channels

1.22. Graded Potentials in Neurons

1.23. Mechanisms of Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials and Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials

1.24. Action Potentials

1.25. Propagation of the Action Potential

1.26. Node Of Ranvier And Conduction Velocity

1.27. Classification of Peripheral Nerve Fibers by Size and Conduction Velocity

1.28. Electromyography and Conduction Velocity Studies

1.29. Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Inhibition

1.30. Spatial and Temporal Summation

1.31. Normal Electrical Firing Patterns of Cortical Neurons and the Origin and Spread of Seizures

1.32. Electroencephalography

1.33. Types of Electrical Discharges in Generalized Seizures and Sites of Action of Antiseizure Medications

1.34. Visual and Auditory Evoked Potentials

Neurotransmitter and Signaling Properties

1.36. Mechanisms of Molecular Signaling in Neurons

1.37. Neurotransmitter Release

1.38. Multiple Neurotransmitter Synthesis, Release, and Signaling from Individual Neurons

1.39. Neuronal Signal Transduction: Local Regulation of Synaptic Strength at an Excitatory Synapse

1.40. Neuronal Signal Transduction: Regulation of Nuclear Signaling

1.41. Glucocorticoid Regulation of Neurons and Apoptosis

1.42. Chemical Neurotransmission (CONTINUED)

2. Skull and Meninges

2.1. Interior View of the Base of the Adult Skull

2.2. Foramina in the Base of the Adult Skull

2.3. Bony Framework of the Head and Neck

2.4. Schematic of the Meninges and Their Relationships to the Brain and Skull

2.5. Hematomas

3. Brain

3.1. Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain: Lateral View

3.2. Lateral View of the Forebrain: Functional Regions

3.3. Lateral View of the Forebrain: Brodmann’s Areas

3.4. Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal) Surface of the Brain in Situ

3.5. Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal) Surface of the Brain, with Brainstem Removed

3.6. Medial Surface of the Brain

3.7. Anatomy of the Basal Surface of the Brain, with the Brainstem and Cerebellum Removed

3.8. Basal Surface of the Brain: Functional Areas and Brodmann’s Areas

3.9. Brain Imaging: Computed Tomography Scans, Coronal and Sagittal

3.10. Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axial and Sagittal T1-Weighted Images

3.11. Brain Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axial and Sagittal T2-Weighted Images

3.12. Positron Emission Tomography Scanning

3.13. Horizontal Brain Sections Showing the Basal Ganglia

3.14. Major Limbic Forebrain Structures

3.15. Corpus Callosum

3.16. Color Imaging of the Corpus Callosum by Diffusion Tensor Imaging

3.17. Hippocampal Formation and Fornix

3.18. Thalamic Anatomy

3.19. Thalamic Nuclei

4. Brainstem and Cerebellum

4.1. Brainstem Surface Anatomy: Posterolateral View

4.2. Brainstem Surface Anatomy: Anterior View

4.3. Cerebellar Anatomy: External Features

4.4. Cerebellar Anatomy: Internal Features

5. Spinal Cord

5.1. Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy

5.2. Lumbar Vertebrae: Radiography

5.3. Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy in Situ

5.4. The Spinal Cord: Its Meninges and Spinal Roots

5.5. Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional Anatomy in Situ

5.6. Spinal Cord: White and Gray Matter

6. Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid

6.1. Ventricular Anatomy

6.2. Ventricular Anatomy in Coronal Forebrain Section

6.3. Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle: Posterior View with Cerebellum Removed

6.4. Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle: Lateral View

6.5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ventricles: Axial and Coronal Views

6.6. Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

6.7. Hydrocephalus and Shunting of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

6.8. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

7. Vasculature

Arterial System

7.2. Arterial Supply to the Brain and Meninges

7.3. Common Sites of Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease

7.4. Internal Carotid and Ophthalmic Artery Course and Cavernous Sinus Fistula

7.5. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View

7.6. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Cutaway Basal View Showing the Circle of Willis

7.7. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Frontal View with Hemispheres Retracted

7.8. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Coronal Forebrain Section

7.9. Types of Strokes

7.10. Lacunar Infarcts

7.11. Schematic of Arteries to the Brain

7.12. Circle of Willis: Schematic Illustration and Vessels in Situ

7.13. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

7.14. Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Lateral and Medial Views

7.15. Territories of the Cerebral Arteries

7.16. Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Frontal and Lateral Views

7.17. Angiographic Anatomy of the Internal Carotid Circulation

7.18. Vertebrobasilar Arterial System

7.19. Angiographic Anatomy of the Vertebrobasilar System

7.20. Occlusive Sites of the Vertebrobasilar System

7.21. Vascular Supply to the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland

7.22. Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord: Longitudinal View

7.23. Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries and Their Distribution

7.24. Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord: Cross-Sectional View

Venous System

7.26. Veins: Superficial Cerebral, Meningeal, Diploic, and Emissary

7.27. Venous Sinuses

7.28. Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain

7.29. Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain: Relationship to the Ventricles

7.30. Carotid Venograms: Venous Phase

7.31. Magnetic Resonance Venography: Coronal and Sagittal Views

7.32. Venous Drainage of the Brainstem and the Cerebellum

7.33. Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord

8. Developmental Neuroscience

8.1. Formation of the Neural Plate, Neural Tube, and Neural Crest

8.2. Neurulation

8.3. Neural Tube Development and Neural Crest Formation

8.4. Development of Peripheral Axons

8.5. Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerve Development

8.6. Limb Rotation and Dermatomes

8.7. Neural Proliferation and Differentiation: Walls of the Neural Tube

8.8. Neural Tube and Neural Crest Derivatives

8.9. Early Brain Development: The 28-Day-Old Embryo

8.10. Early Brain Development: The 36-Day-Old Embryo

8.11. Early Brain Development: The 49-Day-Old Embryo and the 3-Month-Old Embryo

8.12. Forebrain Development: 7 Weeks Through 3 Months

8.13. The 6-Month and 9-Month Central Nervous Systems

8.14. Neurogenesis and Cell Migration in the Developing Neocortex

8.15. Postnatal and Adult Neurogenesis

8.16. Comparison of 5½-Week and Adult Central Nervous System Regions

8.17. Alar And Basal Plate Derivatives in the Brainstem

8.18. Adult Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain

8.19. Cranial Nerve Primordia

8.20. Cranial Nerve Neuron Components

8.21. Development of Motor and Preganglionic Autonomic Nuclei in the Brainstem and Spinal Cord

8.22. Development of the Eye and Orbit

8.23. Development of the Ear

8.24. Development of the Pituitary Gland

8.25. Development of the Ventricles

8.26. Development of the Fourth Ventricle

8.27. Neural Tube Defects

8.28. Defects of the Brain and Skull

8.29. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Section II. Regional Neuroscience

9. Peripheral Nervous System

Introduction and Basic Organization

9.2. Anatomy of a Peripheral Nerve

9.3. Nerve Compression and Pressure Gradients

9.4. Peripheral Nerve Injury and Degeneration in a Compression Neuropathy

9.5. Relationship of Spinal Nerve Roots to Vertebrae

9.6. Lumbar Disc Herniation: L4–L5 and L5–S1

9.7. Sensory Channels: Reflex and Cerebellar

9.8. Sensory Channels: Lemniscal

9.9. Motor Channels: Basic Organization of Lower and Upper Motor Neurons

9.10. Autonomic Channels

9.11. Cutaneous Receptors

9.12. Pacinian Corpuscles

9.13. Interoceptors

9.14. Skin and Its Nerves

9.15. The Neuromuscular Junction and Neurotransmission

9.16. Physiology of the Neuromuscular Junction

9.17. Major Structures and Proteins in the Normal Neuromuscular Junction

9.18. Neuroeffector Junctions

Somatic Nervous System

9.20. Cutaneous Distribution of Peripheral Nerves

9.21. Cutaneous Nerves of the Head and Neck

9.22. Cervical Plexus in Situ

9.23. Cervical Plexus

9.24. Phrenic Nerve

9.25. Thoracic Nerves

9.26. Brachial Plexus

9.27. Dermatomes of the Upper Limb

9.28. Cervical Disc Herniation

9.29. Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb

9.30. The Scapular, Axillary, and Radial Nerves above the Elbow

9.31. Radial Nerve in the Forearm

9.32. Musculocutaneous Nerve

9.33. Median Nerve

9.34. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

9.35. Ulnar Nerve

9.36. Lumbar Plexus

9.37. Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

9.38. Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves

9.39. Obturator Nerve

9.40. Sciatic and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves

9.41. Tibial Nerve

9.42. Common Peroneal Nerve

Autonomic Nervous System

9.44. Autonomic Innervation of the Immune System and Metabolic Organs

9.45. Reflex Pathways

9.46. Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses

9.47. Schematic of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Distribution to Motor and Autonomic Structures

9.48. Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck: Medial View

9.49. Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck: Lateral View

9.50. Schematic of Autonomic Distribution to the Head and Neck

9.51. Autonomic Distribution to the Eye

9.52. Autonomic Innervation of the Nasal Cavity

9.53. Schematic of the Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia

9.54. Schematic of the Otic Ganglion

9.55. Innervation of the Limbs

9.56. Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Splanchnic Nerves

9.57. Innervation of the Tracheobronchial Tree

9.58. Innervation of the Heart

9.59. Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia

9.60. Nerves of the Esophagus

9.61. Innervation of the Stomach and Proximal Duodenum

9.62. Nerves of the Stomach and Duodenum

9.63. Innervation of the Small and Large Intestines

9.64. Nerves of the Small Intestine

9.65. Nerves of the Large Intestine

9.66. Enteric Nervous System: Longitudinal View

9.67. Enteric Nervous System: Cross-Sectional View

9.68. Autonomic Innervation of the Liver and Biliary Tract

9.69. Autonomic Innervation of the Pancreas

9.70. Schematic of Innervation of the Adrenal Gland

9.71. Innervation of the Adrenal Gland

9.72. Autonomic Pelvic Nerves and Ganglia

9.73. Nerves of the Kidneys, Ureters, and Urinary Bladder

9.74. Innervation of the Kidneys and Upper Ureter

9.75. Innervation of the Urinary Bladder and Lower Ureter

9.76. Innervation of the Male Reproductive Organs

9.77. Innervation of the Female Reproductive Organs

10. Spinal Cord

10.1. Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter

10.2. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral

10.3. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (Continued)

10.4. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (Continued)

10.5. Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (Continued)

10.6. Spinal Cord Histological Cross Sections

10.7. Spinal Cord Histological Cross Sections (Continued)

10.8. Spinal Cord Imaging

10.9. Spinal Cord Syndromes

10.10. Syringomyelia

10.11. Spinal Cord Lower Motor Neuron Organization and Control

10.12. Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways

10.13. Muscle and Joint Receptors and Muscle Spindles

10.14. The Muscle Stretch Reflex and Its Central Control via Gamma Motor Neurons

Brainstem and Cerebellum

Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy

11.2. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 2

11.3. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 3

11.4. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 4

11.5. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 5

11.6. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 6

11.7. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 7

11.8. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 8

11.9. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 9

11.10. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 10

11.11. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 11

11.12. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 12

11.13. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 13

11.14. Brainstem Cross-Sectional Anatomy: Section 14

11.15. Brainstem Arterial Syndromes

Cranial Nerves and Cranial Nerve Nuclei

11.17. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: Schematic View From Above

11.18. Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: Schematic Lateral View

11.19. Nerves of the Orbit

11.20. Nerves of the Orbit (continued)

11.21. Extraocular Nerves (III, IV, and VI) and the Ciliary Ganglion: View in Relation to the Eye

11.22. Trigeminal Nerve (V)

11.23. Innervation of the Teeth

11.24. Facial Nerve (VII)

11.25. Facial Nerve Branches and the Parotid Gland

11.26. Facial Nerve Lesions and Their Manifestations

11.27. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

11.28. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

11.29. Accessory Nerve (XI)

11.30. Vagus Nerve (X)

11.31. Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Reticular Formation

11.33. Reticular Formation: Nuclei and Areas in the Brainstem and Diencephalon

11.34. Major Afferent and Efferent Connections to the Reticular Formation

11.35. Sleep-Wakefulness Control

Cerebellum

11.37. Cerebellar Anatomy: Lobules

11.38. Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nuclei and Cerebellar Peduncles

Diencephalon

12.1. Thalamic Anatomy and Interconnections with the Cerebral Cortex

12.2. Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

12.3. Hypothalamic Nuclei

Telencephalon

13.1A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Mid Pons

13.1B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Mid Pons

13.2A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Rostral Pons

13.2B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Rostral Pons

13.3A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Midbrain

13.3B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Midbrain

13.4A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus

13.4B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus

13.5A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 5—Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus

13.5B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level5—Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus

13.6A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6—Head of Caudate and Midthalamus

13.6B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6—Head of Caudate and Midthalamus

13.7A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule

13.7B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule

13.8A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Dorsal Caudate, Splenium, and Genu of Corpus Callosum

13.8B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Dorsal Caudate, Splenium, and Genu of Corpus Callosum

13.9A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Body of Corpus Callosum

13.9B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Body of Corpus Callosum

13.10A. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Centrum Semiovale

13.10B. Axial (Horizontal) Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Centrum Semiovale

13.11A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Genu of Corpus Callosum

13.11B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 1—Genu of Corpus Callosum

13.12A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Head of Caudate Nucleus/Nucleus Accumbens

13.12B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 2—Head of Caudate Nucleus/Nucleus Accumbens

13.13A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Anterior Commissure/Columns of Fornix

13. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 3—Anterior Commissure/Columns of Fornix

13.14A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Amygdala, Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule

13.14B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 4—Amygdala, Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule

13.15A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 5—Mammillary Body

13.15B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 5—Mammillary Body

13.16A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6— Mammillothalamic Tract/ Substantia Nigra, Rostral Hippocampus

13.16B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 6—Mammillothalamic Tract/Substantia Nigra, Rostral Hippocampus

13.17A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Midthalamus

13.17B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 7—Midthalamus

13.18A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Geniculate Nuclei

13.18B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 8—Geniculate Nuclei

13.19A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Caudal Pulvinar and Superior Colliculus

13.19B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 9—Caudal Pulvinar and Superior Colliculus

13.20A. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Splenium of Corpus Callosum

13.20B. Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Level 10—Splenium of Corpus Callosum

13.21. Layers of the Cerebral Cortex

13.22. Cortical Neuronal Cell Types

13.23. Vertical Columns: Functional Units of the Cerebral Cortex

13.24. Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex

13.25. Neuronal Origins of Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex

13.26. Cortical Association Pathways

13.27. Major Cortical Association Bundles

13.28. Color Imaging of Association Pathways

13.29. Color Imaging of Projection Pathways from the Cerebral Cortex

13.30. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

13.31. Noradrenergic Pathways

13.32. Serotonergic Pathways

13.33. Dopaminergic Pathways

13.34. Central Cholinergic Pathways

13.35. Endogenous Cannabinoid Systems

13.36A. Endogenous Opioid Systems: Beta-Endorphin, Dynorphins, and met-Enkephalin

13.36B. Endogenous Opioid Systems: Beta-Endorphin, Dynorphins, and met-Enkephalin

13.37. The Olfactory Nerve and Nerves of the Nose

Section III. Systemic Neuroscience

Sensory Systems

Somatosensory Systems

14.2. Spinal Somatic Reflex Actions and Pathways

14.3. Somatosensory System: Spinocerebellar Pathways

14.4. Somatosensory System: The Dorsal Column System and Epicritic Modalities

14.5. Somatosensory System: Neuronal Organization of Dorsal Column and Thalamic Nuclei

14.6. Somatosensory System: The Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Systems and Protopathic Modalities

14.7. Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Nociceptive Processing in the Spinal Cord

14.8. Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain and Sympathetically Maintained Pain

14.9. Descending Control of Ascending Somatosensory Systems

Trigeminal Sensory System

14.11. Trigeminal System Peripheral and Central Connections

14.12. Pain-Sensitive Structures of the Head and Pain Referral

14.13. Mechanisms of Migraine Headaches

Sensory System for Taste

14.15. Taste Pathways

Auditory System

14.17. Bony and Membranous Labyrinths

14.18. VIII Nerve Innervation of Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti

14.19. Cochlear Receptors

14.20. Afferent Auditory Pathways

14.21. Afferent Auditory Pathways (Continued)

14.22. Centrifugal (Efferent) Auditory Pathways

Vestibular System

14.24. Vestibular Pathways

14.25. Nystagmus

Visual System

14.27. Anterior and Posterior Chambers of the Eye

14.28. The Retina: Retinal Layers

14.29. The Retina: Photoreceptors

14.30. The Retina: Optic Nerve

14.31. Arteries and Veins of the Eye

14.32. Anatomy and Relationships of the Optic Chiasm

14.33. Damage Affecting the Optic Chiasm

14.34. Visual Pathways: Retinal Projections to the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Brainstem

14.35. Pupillary Light Reflex

14.36. Visual Pathway: The Retino- Geniculo-Calcarine Pathway

14.37. Visual Pathways in the Parietal and Temporal Lobes

14.38. Visual System Lesions

Motor Systems

Lower Motor Neurons

15.2. Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons in the Spinal Cord

15.3. Distribution of Lower Motor Neurons in the Brainstem

Upper Motor Neurons

15.5. Color Imaging of Cortical Efferent Pathways

15.6. Corticobulbar Tract

15.7. Corticospinal Tract

15.8. Corticospinal Tract Terminations in the Spinal Cord

15.9. Rubrospinal Tract

15.10. Vestibulospinal Tracts

15.11. Reticulospinal and Corticoreticular Pathways

15.12. Tectospinal Tract and Interstitiospinal Tract

15.13. Spinal Cord Terminations of Major Descending Upper Motor Neuron Tracts

15.14. Central Control of Eye Movements

15.15. Central Control of Respiration

15.16. Neural Circuitry of Swallowing

Cerebellum

15.18. Cerebellar Neuronal Circuitry

15.19. Circuit Diagrams of Afferent Connections in the Cerebellum

15.20. Afferent Pathways to the Cerebellum

15.21. Cerebellar Efferent Pathways

15.22. Cerebellovestibular and Vestibulocerebellar Pathways

15.23. Schematic Diagrams of Efferent Pathways from the Cerebellum to Upper Motor Neuron Systems

Basal Ganglia

15.25. Simplified Schematic of Basal Ganglia Circuitry and Neurochemistry

15.26. Surgical Approaches to Movement Disorders

15.27. Neurotransmitter Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease

15.28. Parallel Loops of Circuitry through the Basal Ganglia

15.29. Connections of Nucleus Accumbens

Autonomic-Hypothalamic-Limbic systems

Autonomic Nervous System

Hypothalamus and Pituitary

16.3. Sections through the Hypothalamus: Preoptic and Supraoptic Zones

16.4. Sections through the Hypothalamus: Tuberal Zone

16.5. Sections through the Hypothalamus: Mammillary Zone

16.6. Schematic Reconstruction of the Hypothalamus

16.7. Forebrain Regions Associated with the Hypothalamus

16.8. Afferent and Efferent Pathways Associated with the Hypothalamus

16.9. Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Afferent Pathways

16.10. Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Efferent Pathways

16.11. Summary of General Hypothalamic Connections

16.12. Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Regulation of Pituitary Neurohormonal Outflow, Autonomic Preganglionic Outflow, and Limbic Activity

16.13. Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences on the Hypothalamus and Other Brain Regions and on Behavior

16.14. Circumventricular Organs

16.15. Circumventricular Organs: Functional Considerations

16.16. The Hypophyseal Portal Vasculature

16.17. Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion

16.18. Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophyseal) Hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin

16.19. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone) Regulation of Water Balance and Fluid Osmolality

16.20. The Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation

16.21. Hypothalamic Regulation of Cardiac Function

16.22. Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure

16.23. Long-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure

16.24. Neural Control of Appetite and Hunger

16.25. Signaling Systems Involved in Regulation of Food Intake, Body Weight, and Metabolism

16.26. Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep and Waking States

16.27. Neural and Neuroendocrine Roles in the Fight-or-Flight Response

16.28. Neuroimmunomodulation

Limbic System

16.30. Hippocampal Formation: General Anatomy

16.31. Neuronal Connections in the Hippocampal Formation

16.32. Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Hippocampal Formation

16.33. Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Entorhinal Cortex

16.34. Major Afferent Connections of the Amygdala

16.35. Major Efferent Connections of the Amygdala

16.36. Summary of Major Afferents, Efferents, and Interconnections of the Amygdala

16.37. Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Septal Nuclei

16.38. Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

16.39. Major Connections of the Cingulate Cortex

16.40. Insular Cortex

16.41. Prefrontal Cortex

16.42. Key Forebrain Regions Associated With Limbic and Cortical Reactivity and Their Functional Roles

Olfactory System

16.44. Olfactory Pathways

Section IV. Global Brain Functions

Global Brain Functions

17.1. Dementia

17.2. Alzheimer’s Disease: Distribution of Pathology in the Brain

17.3. Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathology

17.4. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Schizophrenia

17.5. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

17.6. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Panic and Anxiety Disorders

17.7. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Posttraumatic Stress

17.8. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

17.9. Traumatic Brain Injury

17.10. Aphasias and Cortical Areas of Damage

17.11. Aphasias: Magnetic Resonance Images and Characteristic Language Dysfunction

17.12. Brain Substrates of Addictive Behaviors

17.13. Memory Circuits

17.14. Consciousness and Coma Assessment

17.15. Differential Diagnosis of Coma

17.16. Aging and the Nervous System

Index

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Tags: David Felten, Michael OBanion, Mary E Maida, Netter Atlas, Neuroscience