Sensation and Perception 11th Edition by Bruce Goldstein, Laura Cacciamani 035744647X 9780357446478

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ISBN 10: 035744647X

ISBN 13: 9780357446478

Author: E. Bruce Goldstein, Laura Cacciamani

Packed with captivating examples and visuals, Goldstein/Cacciamani’s SENSATION AND PERCEPTION, 11e, gives students a thorough understanding of perceptual research and how the results of this research relate to everyday experiences. The authors take students on an intriguing journey through the senses with both clarity and thoroughness, combining their extensive classroom experience with innovative research to create a visual, colorful text. Reflecting the latest developments from the field, the 11th edition has been thoroughly updated with cutting-edge research, while 85 new full-color figures bring chapter concepts to life.

Sensation and Perception 11th Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Introduction to Perception

1.1. Why Read This Book?

1.2. Why Is This Book Titled Sensation and Perception?

1.3. The Perceptual Process

Distal and Proximal Stimuli (Steps 1 and 2)

Receptor Processes (Step 3)

Neural Processing (Step 4)

Behavioral Responses (Steps 5–7)

Knowledge

1.4. Studying the Perceptual Process

The Stimulus–Behavior Relationship (A)

The Stimulus–Physiology Relationship (B)

The Physiology–Behavior Relationship (C)

1.5. Measuring Perception

Measuring Thresholds

Measuring Perception Above Threshold

1.6. Something to Consider: Why Is the Difference Between Physical and Perceptual Important?

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Sensory Physiology

2.1. Electrical Signals in Neurons

Recording Electrical Signals in Neurons

Basic Properties of Action Potentials

Chemical Basis of Action Potentials

Transmitting Information Across a Gap

2.2. Sensory Coding: How Neurons Represent Information

Specificity Coding

Sparse Coding

Population Coding

2.3. Zooming Out: Representation in the Brain

Mapping Function to Structure

Distributed Representation

Connections Between Brain Areas

2.4. Something to Consider: The Mind–Body Problem

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 3. The Eye and Retina

3.1. Light, the Eye, and the Visual Receptors

Light: The Stimulus for Vision

The Eye

3.2. Focusing Light Onto the Retina

Accommodation

Refractive Errors

3.3. Photoreceptor Processes

Transforming Light Energy Into Electrical Energy

Adapting to the Dark

Spectral Sensitivity

3.4. What Happens as Signals Travel Through the Retina

Rod and Cone Convergence

Ganglion Cell Receptive Fields

3.5. Something to Consider: Early Events Are Powerful

3.6. Developmental Dimension: Infant Visual Acuity

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 4. The Visual Cortex and Beyond

4.1. From Retina to Visual Cortex

Pathway to the Brain

Receptive Fields of Neurons in the Visual Cortex

4.2. The Role of Feature Detectors in Perception

Selective Adaptation

Selective Rearing

4.3. Spatial Organization in the Visual Cortex

The Neural Map in the Striate Cortex (V1)

The Cortex Is Organized in Columns

How V1 Neurons and Columns Underlie Perception of a Scene

4.4. Beyond the Visual Cortex

Streams for Information About What and Where

Streams for Information About What and How

4.5. Higher-Level Neurons

Responses of Neurons in Inferotemporal Cortex

Where Perception Meets Memory

4.6. Something to Consider: “Flexible” Receptive Fields

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 5. Perceiving Objects and Scenes

5.1. Why Is It So Difficult to Design a Perceiving Machine?

The Stimulus on the Receptors Is Ambiguous

Objects Can Be Hidden or Blurred

Objects Look Different From Different Viewpoints

5.2. Perceptual Organization

The Gestalt Approach to Perceptual Grouping

Gestalt Principles of Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Segregation

5.3. Recognition by Components

5.4. Perceiving Scenes and Objects in Scenes

Perceiving the Gist of a Scene

Regularities in the Environment: Information for Perceiving

The Role of Inference in Perception

5.5. Connecting Neural Activity and Object/Scene Perception

Brain Responses to Objects and Faces

Brain Responses to Scenes

The Relationship Between Perception and Brain Activity

Neural Mind Reading

5.6. Something to Consider: The Puzzle of Faces

5.7. Developmental Dimension: Infant Face Perception

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 6. Visual Attention

6.1. What Is Attention?

6.2. The Diversity of Attention Research

Attention to an Auditory Message: Cherry and Broadbent’s Selective Listening Experiments

Attention to a Location in Space: Michael Posner’s Precueing Experiment

Attention as a Mechanism for Binding Together an Object’s Features: Anne Treisman’s Feature Integration Theory

6.3. What Happens When We Scan a Scene by Moving Our Eyes?

Scanning a Scene With Eye Movements

How Does the Brain Deal With What Happens When the Eyes Move?

6.4. Things That Influence Visual Scanning

Visual Salience

The Observer’s Interests and Goals

Scene Schemas

Task Demands

6.5. The Benefits of Attention

Attention Speeds Responding

Attention Influences Appearance

6.6. The Physiology of Attention

Attention to Objects Increases Activity in Specific Areas of the Brain?

Attention to Locations Increases Activity in Specific Areas of the Brain

Attention Shifts Receptive Fields

6.7. What Happens When We Don’t Attend?

6.8. Distraction by Smartphones

Smartphone Distractions While Driving

Distractions Beyond Driving

6.9. Disorders of Attention: Spatial Neglect and Extinction

6.10. Something to Consider: Focusing Attention by Meditating

6.11. Developmental Dimension: Infant Attention and Learning Object Names

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 7. Taking Action

7.1. The Ecological Approach to Perception

The Moving Observer Creates Information in the Environment

Reacting to Information Created by Movement

The Senses Work Together

Affordances: What Objects Are Used For

7.2. Staying on Course: Walking and Driving

Walking

Driving a Car

7.3. Finding Your Way Through the Environment

The Importance of Landmarks

Cognitive Maps: The Brain’s “GPS”

Individual Differences in Wayfinding

7.4. Interacting With Objects: Reaching, Grasping, and Lifting

Reaching and Grasping

Lifting the Bottle

Adjusting the Grip

7.5. Observing Other People’s Actions

Mirroring Others’ Actions in the Brain

Predicting People’s Intentions

7.6. Action-Based Accounts of Perception

7.7. Something to Consider: Prediction Is Everywhere

7.8. Developmental Dimension: Infant Affordances

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 8. Perceiving Motion

8.1. Functions of Motion Perception

Detecting Things

Perceiving Objects

Perceiving Events

Social Perception

Taking Action

8.2. Studying Motion Perception

When Do We Perceive Motion?

Comparing Real and Apparent Motion

Two Real-Life Situations We Want to Explain

8.3. The Ecological Approach to Motion Perception

8.4. The Corollary Discharge and Motion Perception

8.5. The Reichardt Detector

8.6. Single-Neuron Responses to Motion

Experiments Using Moving Dot Displays

Lesioning the MT Cortex

Deactivating the MT Cortex

Stimulating the MT Cortex

8.7. Beyond Single-Neuron Responses to Motion

The Aperture Problem

Solutions to the Aperture Problem

8.8. Motion and the Human Body

Apparent Motion of the Body

Biological Motion Studied by Point-Light Walkers

8.9. Motion Responses to Still Pictures

Something to Consider: Motion, Motion, and More Motion

Developmental Dimension: Infants Perceive Biological Motion

Think about it

Key Terms

Chapter 9. Perceiving Color

9.1. Functions of Color Perception

9.2. Color and Light

Reflectance and Transmission

Color Mixing

9.3. Perceptual Dimensions of Color

9.4. The Trichromacy of Color Vision

A Little History

Color-Matching Evidence for Trichromacy

Measuring the Characteristics of the Cone Receptors

The Cones and Trichromatic Color Matching

Color Vision With Only One Pigment: Monochromacy

Color Vision With Two Pigments: Dichromacy

9.5. The Opponency of Color Vision

Behavioral Evidence for Opponent-Process Theory

Physiological Evidence for Opponent-Process Theory

Questioning the Idea of Unique Hues

9.6. Color Areas in the Cortex

9.7. Color in the World: Beyond Wavelength

Color Constancy

Lightness Constancy

9.8. Something to Consider: We Perceive Color From Colorless Wavelengths

Developmental Dimension: Infant Color Vision

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 10. Perceiving Depth and Size

10.1. Perceiving Depth

10.2. Oculomotor Cues

10.3. Monocular Cues

Pictorial Cues

Motion-Produced Cues

10.4. Binocular Depth Information

Seeing Depth with Two Eyes

Binocular Disparity

Disparity (Geometrical) Creates Stereopsis (Perceptual)

The Correspondence Problem

10.5. The Physiology of Binocular Depth Perception

10.6. Depth Information Across Species

10.7. Perceiving Size

The Holway and Boring Experiment

Size Constancy

10.8. Illusions of Depth and Size

The MüLler-Lyer Illusion

The Ponzo Illusion

The Ames Room

10.9. Something to Consider: The Changing Moon

10.10. Developmental Dimension Infant Depth Perception

Binocular Disparity

Pictorial Cues

Think About It

Key Terms

Chapter 11. Hearing

11.1. Physical Aspects of Sound

Sound as Pressure Changes

Pure Tones

Complex Tones and Frequency Spectra

11.2. Perceptual Aspects of Sound

Thresholds and Loudness

Pitch

Timbre

11.3. From Pressure Changes to Electrical Signals

The Outer Ear

The Middle Ear

The Inner Ear

11.4. How Frequency Is Represented in the Auditory Nerve

Békésy Discovers How the Basilar Membrane Vibrates

The Cochlea Functions as a Filter

The Outer Hair Cells Function as Cochlear Amplifiers

11.5. The Physiology of Pitch Perception: The Cochlea

Place and Pitch

Temporal Information and Pitch

Problems Remaining to Be Solved

11.6. The Physiology of Pitch Perception: The Brain

The Pathway to the Brain

Pitch and the Brain

11.7. Hearing Loss

Presbycusis

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Hidden Hearing Loss

11.8. Something to Consider: Explaining Sound to an 11-Year Old

11.9. Developmental Dimension: Infant Hearing

Thresholds and the Audibility Curve

Recognizing Their Mother’s Voice

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 12. Hearing in the Environment

12.1. Sound Source Localization

Binaural Cues for Sound Localization

Spectral Cues for Localization

12.2. The Physiology of Auditory Localization

The Jeffress Neural Coincidence Model

Broad ITD Tuning Curves in Mammals

Cortical Mechanisms of Localization

12.3. Hearing Inside Rooms

Perceiving Two Sounds That Reach the Ears at Different Times

Architectural Acoustics

12.4. Auditory Scene Analysis

Simultaneous Grouping

Sequential Grouping

12.5. Something to Consider: Interactions Between Hearing and Vision

The Ventriloquism Effect

The Two-Flash Illusion

Understanding Speech

Interactions in the Brain

Echolocation in Blind People

Listening to or Reading a Story

Think About It

Key Terms

Chapter 13. Perceiving Music

13.1. What Is Music?

13.2. Does Music Have an Adaptive Function?

13.3. Outcomes of Music

Musical Training Improves Performance in Other Areas

Music Elicits Positive Feelings

Music Evokes Memories

13.4. Musical Timing

The Beat

Meter

Rhythm

Syncopation

The Power of the Mind

13.5. Hearing Melodies

Organized Notes

Intervals

Trajectories

Tonality

13.6. Creating Emotions

Structural Features Linking Music and Emotion

Expectancy and Emotion in Music

Physiological Mechanisms of Musical Emotions

13.7. Something to Consider: Comparing Music and Language Mechanisms in the Brain

Evidence for Shared Mechanisms

Evidence for Separate Mechanisms

Developmental Dimension: How Infants Respond to the Beat

Newborns’ Response to the Beat

Older Infants’ Movement to the Beat

Infants’ Response to Bouncing to the Beat

13.7. Coda: Music Is “Special”

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 14. Perceiving Speech

14.1. The Speech Stimulus

The Acoustic Signal

Basic Units of Speech

14.2. Variability of the Acoustic Signal

Variability From Context

Variability in Pronunciation

14.3. Some History: The Motor Theory of Speech Perception

The Proposed Connection Between Production and Perception

The Proposal That “Speech Is Special”

14.4. Information for Speech Perception

Motor Processes

The Face and Lip Movements

Knowledge of Language

The Meaning of Words in Sentences

Learning About Words in a Language

14.5. Speech Perception in Difficult Circumstances

14.6. Speech Perception and the Brain

Something to Consider: Cochlear Implants

Developmental Dimension: Infant-Directed Speech

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 15. The Cutaneous Senses

15.1. Overview of the Cutaneous System

The Skin

Mechanoreceptors

Pathways from Skin to Cortex and Within the Cortex

Somatosensory Areas in the Cortex

15.2. Perceiving Details

Receptor Mechanisms for Tactile Acuity

Cortical Mechanisms for Tactile Acuity

15.3. Perceiving Vibration and Texture

Vibration of the Skin

Surface Texture

15.4. Perceiving Objects

Identifying Objects by Haptic Exploration

The Cortical Physiology of Tactile Object Perception

15.5. Social Touch

Sensing Social Touch

The Social Touch Hypothesis

Social Touch and the Brain

Top-Down Influences on Social Touch

15.6. The Gate Control Model of Pain

15.7. Top-Down Processes

Expectation

Attention

Emotions

15.8. The Brain and Pain

Brain Areas

Chemicals and the Brain

15.9. 15.9 Social Aspects of Pain

Pain Reduction by Social Touch

The Effect of Observing Someone Else’s Pain

The “Pain” of Social Rejection

15.10. Something to Consider: Plasticity and the Brain

10.11. Developmental Dimension: Social Touch in Infants

Think About it

Key Terms

Chapter 16. The Chemical Senses

16.1. Some Properties of the Chemical Senses

16.2. Taste Quality

Basic Taste Qualities

Connections Between Taste Quality and a Substance’s Effect

16.3. The Neural Code for Taste Quality

Structure of the Taste System

Population Coding

Specificity Coding

16.4. Individual Differences in Taste

16.5. The Importance of Olfaction

16.6. Olfactory Abilities

Detecting Odors

Identifying Odors

Individual Differences in Olfaction

Loss of Smell in COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease

16.7. Analyzing Odorants: The Mucosa and Olfactory Bulb

The Puzzle of Olfactory Quality

The Olfactory Mucosa

How Olfactory Receptor Neurons Respond to Odorants

The Search for Order in the Olfactory Bulb

16.8. Representing Odors in the Cortex

How Odorants Are Represented in the Piriform Cortex

How Odor Objects Are Represented in the Piriform Cortex

How Odors Trigger Memories

16.9. The Perception of Flavor

Taste and Olfaction Meet in the Mouth and Nose

Taste and Olfaction Meet in the Nervous System

Flavor Is Influenced by Cognitive Factors

Flavor Is Influenced by Food Intake: Sensory-Specific Satiety

16.10. Something to Consider: The Community of the Senses

Correspondences

Influences

16.11. Developmental Dimension: Infant Chemical Sensitivity

Think About it

Key Terms

Appendix A. The Difference Threshold

Appendix B. Magnitude Estimation and the Power Function

Appendix C. The Signal Detection Approach

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Bruce Goldstein,Laura Cacciamani,Sensation,Perception