Spinal Fusion Techniques The Atlas of Interventional Pain Management 1st Edition by Alaa Abd Elsayed ISBN 9780323882231 0323882234

1.  History of neuromodulation

Introduction

Gate theory

Growth and competition in spinal cord stimulation

Regulation and a changing market

Deep brain stimulation

Other neuromodulation therapies

Conclusion

References

2.  Patient selection

Introduction

Patient selection

Indications

US Food and Drug Administration–approved indications

Off-label applications

Unsuccessful applications

Contraindications

Medical considerations

Novel SCS waveforms

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation patient selection

References

3.  Psychological evaluation for neuromodulation

Introduction

The biopsychosocial model

Approach to the patient

Collaborating with mental health professionals

Evidence review

Psychological modalities for care optimization

References

4.  Perioperative care in neuromodulatory systems

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Perioperative considerations

Procedural description

Intraoperative complications

Conclusion

References

5.  Surgical instruments

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Step-by-step description of the procedure

Intraoperative complications

General considerations

References

6.  General review of wound closure in neuromodulation cases

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Description of the procedure

Intraoperative complications

General considerations and conclusions

References

7.  Waveform parameters: Electrical field interaction on neuronal milieu

Introduction

Basic overview

Strength–duration curve

Paresthesia versus nonparesthesia-based stimulation

Traditional paresthesia-based stimulation

High frequency

Burst stimulation

Closed loop

Differential targeted multiplexed

Conclusion

References

8.  Percutaneous spinal cord stimulator trial

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Step-by-step description of the procedure

Handling intraoperative complications

References

9.  Spinal cord stimulation implant (percutaneous leads)

Introduction

Patient preparation and preoperative conditioning

Patient marking and intrasurgery preparations

Puncture technique

Lead placement

Anchoring

Tunneling

Creating a pocket

References

10.  Spinal cord stimulator paddle lead trial technique

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Description of the procedure

Intraoperative complications

General considerations and conclusions

References

11.  Spinal cord stimulator system permanent implant with laminectomy for paddle lead

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Description of the procedure

Intraoperative complications

General considerations and conclusions

References

12.  Dorsal root ganglion stimulator trial

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Procedural steps

Placement of sacral dorsal root ganglion stimulator

Procedural complications

Device-related complications

References

13.  Dorsal root ganglion stimulation—implant

Anatomy

Selection criteria3

Effective dorsal root ganglion stimulation lead combinations for various pain locations4

Technique

Steps of the implant

Postoperative

Conclusion

References

14.  Medial branch neurostimulator trial

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Description of procedure

General considerations

References

15.  Multifidus muscle neurostimulator implant

Introduction

Procedure

Intra- and postoperative complications

General considerations

References

16.  Programming

Introduction

Basic overview of interrogation and programming of spinal cord stimulation

Contact selection

Amplitude

Pulse width

Frequency

Open loop versus closed loop

Conclusion

References

17.  Sacral neuromodulation

Introduction

General indications

Sacral neuromodulation

Spinal cord stimulation

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation

Future directions

Conclusions

References

18.  Spinal cord stimulation: Controversial topics

Introduction

Obesity

Diabetes

Intraoperative dural puncture

Anticoagulant use

Choice of anesthesia and neuromonitoring

Surgical site infection: Risk factors, diagnosis, and management

Surgical site infection: Diagnosis and management after spinal cord stimulator implantation

References

19.  Patient selection for intrathecal drug delivery systems

Introduction

Patient selection

Anatomical considerations

Complications associated with patient selection

General considerations

References

20.  Perioperative care with intrathecal drug delivery systems

Introduction

Anatomical considerations

Procedural technique

Intraoperative complications and management

General considerations

References

21.  Medications used in pain pumps

Introduction

What does off-label mean?

The advent of the polyanalgesia consensus conference: A living document to guide targeted drug delivery practitioners

The evolution of the polyanalgesia consensus conference guidelines

Pharmacy and compounding information

References

22.  Intrathecal pump trial

Introduction

General considerations

Step-by-step description of the procedure

Intraoperative complications and how to handle them

References

23.  Intrathecal pump implant

Introduction

Patient selection (Fig. 23.1)

Intrathecal catheter implant

Catheter anchoring

Tunneling and pocket

Drugs used

Refilling the pump

References

24.  Interrogation and refill

Introduction

Technical considerations

Step-by-step description of the procedure

Procedural steps

Image-guided refill

Documentation

Complications

Silicone septum damage

Device interrogation

General considerations

References

25.  Important topics in neuromodulation—understanding of imaging, location of pump or generator placement, and anesthesia need during trial and implants

Introduction

Overview of magnetic resonance imaging

Focused review of devices

Intersection of magnetic resonance imaging with neuromodulation

Magnetic resonance imaging and intrathecal drug delivery systems

Basic overview of computed tomography in neuromodulation

Locations for intrathecal drug delivery system placement

Intrathecal drug delivery system trialing and implantations and the implications for anesthesia

Conclusion

References

26.  Measuring outcomes for neuromodulation

Introduction

Measuring outcomes for neuromodulation

Conclusion

References

Index