The Greek Perfekt Tense in the Gospel of Marc and the Epistle to the Romans 1st Edition by Soon Hi Kong ISBN 9781433170706 1433170701

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ISBN 10: 1433170701
ISBN 13: 9781433170706
Author: Soon Hi Kong

The Greek Perfekt Tense in the Gospel of Marc and the Epistle to the Romans 1st Edition Table of contents:

Chapter One: Brief Understanding of the Greek Verb from Traditional to Modern Views

The Greek Verb

Verbal Aspect and Aktionsart

Verbal Aspect and Aktionsart Working Together

Aspectual Distinction (or Opposition)

The Perfect Tense

Chapter Two: An Evaluation of Porter’s Markedness and Grounding with Prominence for the Perfect Te

Markedness

Binary Oppositions

Multiple Oppositions

Problem of Markedness Values

Various Criteria

Contingent on Context

Porter’s Markedness in the Perfect Tense Form

Grounding

Foreground as ‘Deviation from a Norm’ in Poetic Texts

Foreground as ‘Mainline’ in Non-Poetic Texts

Contents

Transitivity

Temporality

Cognitive Perception

Aspect (or Tense)

Foreground as ‘Deviation from Two Normal Types of Information’ in Non-Poetic Texts

Porter’s Grounding

Porter’s Foreground and Background

Porter’s Frontground

Conclusion

Chapter Three: The Traditional Understanding of the Perfect, Compared with Porter’s Approach

Dual Feature of the Perfect

Pendulum Movement

Various Categories Suggested

Anterior Activity

The Development of the Perfect towards Anterior Activity

Scholars Who Accept Anterior Activity

Scholars Who Reject Anterior Activity

Conclusion

Three rules

The First Category: The Perfect Working as a Finite Verb

Rule 1: The Perfect Finite Verb with the Non-Past Indicative or Present Non-Indicative

Rule 2: The Perfect Finite Verb with the Past Indicative or Aorist Non-Indicative

The Second Category: The Perfect Participle Working as an Adjective

Rule 3: The Perfect Participle with a Substantive

Chapter Four: The Perfect Tense in Mark

The perfect indicative

The Perfect with the Non-Past Indicative or Present Non-Indicative in Direct Discourse: Rule 1

πεπλήρωται, ἤγ

ἤγγικεν in 14:42

δέδοται in 4:11

σέσωκεν in 5:34 and 10:52

ἐγήγερται in 6:14

ἐξελήλυθεν in 7:29

ἐλήλυθεν in 9:13

πεποίηκεν in 7:37

πεποιήκατε in 11:17

ἥκασιν in 8:3

γέγονεν in 9:21

γέγονεν in 13:19

προείρηκα in 13:23

γέγονεν in 14:4

βέβληται in 9:42

ἡτοίμασται in 10:40

The Perfect with the Past Indicative in Direct Discourse: Rule 2

πεποίηκεν in 5:19

ἠκολουθήκαμέ

ἐξήρανται in 11:21

The Perfect with the Past Indicative in Non-Direct Discourse: Rule 2

The Perfect Non-Indicative

The Perfect Participle: Rule 3

ἐξηραμμένην in 3:1

ἐξηραμμένην in 11:20

ἐσπαρμένον in 4:15

γεγονός, ἱματι

βεβλημένον, ἐξ

περιβεβλημέν

περιβεβλημέν

ὑποδεδεμένου

πεπωρωμένην in 8:17

ἐληλυθυῖαν in 9:1

δεδεμένον in 11:2 and 4

εὐλογημένος, ε

ἐστρωμένον in 14:15

ἐσμυρνισμένο

ἐσταυρωμένον i

ἐγηγερμένον in 16:14

The Perfect Imperative and The Perfect Infinitive: Rule 1

πεφίμωσο in 4:39

δεδέσθαι, διεσ

Individual Treatments

γέγραπται: Rule 2

οἶδα: Rule 2

The Non-Indicative οἶδα: Rule 2

The Non-Indicative Perfect Forms of ἵστημι and π

ἑστηκότων in 9:1 and 11:5

ἑστηκότα in 13:14

παρεστηκότων in

παρέστηκεν in 4:29

The Pluperfect

The Pluperfect Active Indicative: Rule 1

δεδώκει in 14:44

πεποιήκεισαν in

ἐκβεβλήκει in 16:9

The Pluperfect: ᾔδειν and εἰώθ

ᾔδειν in 1:34, 9:6, and 14:40

εἰώθει in 10:1

The Pluperfect Periphrastic Construction: Rule 3

ἦν + S + ἐνδεδυμέν

ἦν + S + ἐπισυνηγμ

ἦν + S + πεπωρωμέν

ἦν + S+ δεδεμένος in

ἦν + S + ἐπιγεγραμ

ὃ + ἦν + λελατομη

Passage Studies

Mark 5:1–20

δεδέσθαι, διεσ

γεγονός in 5:14

ἱματισμένον, ἐ

πεποίηκεν in 5:19

Mark 5:25–34

ἴαται in 5:29

εἰδυῖα, γέγονε

σέσωκεν in 5:34 and 10:52

Mark 7:24–30

ἐξελήλυθεν in 7:29

βεβλημένον in 7:30

ἐξεληλυθός in 7:30

Mark 11:1–11

δεδεμένον in 11:2 and 4

ἑστηκότων in 11:5

εὐλογημένος in 11:9

Mark 15:6–15

δεδεμένος in 15:7a

πεποιήκεισαν in

παραδεδώκεισ

Mark 15:22–32

ἐσμυρνισμένο

ἐπιγεγραμμέν

συνεσταυρωμέ

Mark 15:42–47

τέθνηκεν in 15:44

λελατομημένο

τέθειται in 15:47

Mark 16:1–8

ἀποκεκύλιστα

περιβεβλημέν

ἐσταυρωμένον i

Conclusion

Chapter Five: The Perfect Tense in Romans

The Perfect Indicative

The Perfect with the Non-Past Indicative or Present Non-Indicative: Rule 1

πεφανέρωται in 3:21

τέθεικα in 4:17

ἐπήγγελται in 4:21

ἐσχήκαμεν in 5:2

ἐκκέχυται in 5:5

ἐκπέπτωκεν in 9:6

προείρηκεν in 9:29

ἀκηκόασιν in 15:21

γέγονεν in 2:25 and 11:5, γεγ

πεπλήρωκεν in 13:8, κ

The Perfect with the Past Indicative or Aorist Non-Indicative: Rule 2

κεκένωται, κατ

δεδικαίωται in 6:7

δέδεται in 7:2a

κατήργηται in 7:2b

γέγονεν in 11:25

ἤγγικεν in 13:12

The Perfect Non-Indicative

The Perfect Participle: Rule 3

ἀφωρισμένος in 1:1

πεπληρωμένου

ἀνεῳγμένος in 3:13

προγεγονότων in

εἰρημένον in 4:18, νε

πεπραμένος in 7:14

κατηρτισμένα in

τεταγμέναι in 13:1

πεπληρωμένοι in

ἡγιασμένη in 15:16

σεσιγημένου in 16:25

The Perfect Infinitive: Rule 1

εὑρηκέναι in 4:1

γεγενῆσθαι in 15:8

πεπληρωκέναι in

Individual Treatments

γέγραπται: Rule 2

οἶδα: Rule 2

Perfect Indicative of ἵστημι (Rule 2), ἐν

ἑστήκαμεν in 5:2

ἕστηκας in 11:20

ἐνεστῶτα in 8:38

ἀνθέστηκεν in 9:19

ἀνθέστηκεν, ἀν

Perfect Forms of πείθω: Rule 2

πέποιθας in 2:19

πέπεισμαι in 8:38

πέπεισμαι in 14:14

πέπεισμαι in 15:14

γέγονεν: Rule 1 or 2

γέγονεν in 2:25

γεγόναμεν in 6:5

γέγονεν in 11:5

γέγονεν in 11:25

γέγοναν in 16:7

‘The One Who …’

δεδικαίωται in 6:7

τεταγμέναι in 13:1

ἀνθέστηκεν, ἀν

πεπλήρωκεν in 13:8

κατακέκριται in

Passage Studies

Romans 4:13–25

κεκένωται, κατ

γέγραπται, τέθ

εἰρημένον in 4:18

νενεκρωμένον in

ἐπήγγελται in 4:21

Romans 5:1–5

ἐσχήκαμεν in 5:2

ἑστήκαμεν in 5:2

εἰδότες in 5:3

ἐκκέχυται in 5:5

Romans 6:1–11

γεγόναμεν in 6:5

δεδικαίωται in 6:7

εἰδότες in 6:9

Romans 9:19–29

ἀνθέστηκεν in 9:19

κατηρτισμένα in

ἠγαπημένην in 9:25

προείρηκεν in 9:29

Romans 15:14–21

πέπεισμαι in 15:14

πεπληρωμένοι in

ἡγιασμένη in 15:16

πεπληρωκέναι in

γέγραπται in 15:21

ἀκηκόασιν in 15:21

Conclusion

Conclusion

Index of biblical references

Index of Greek terms

Index

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