The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes 1st Edition by John F Rauthmann ISBN 9780128139950 0128139951

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ISBN 10: 0128139951
ISBN 13: 9780128139950
Author: John F Rauthmann

The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes is a primer to the basic and most important concepts, theories, methods, empirical findings, and applications of personality dynamics and processes. This book details how personality psychology has evolved from descriptive research to a more explanatory and dynamic science of personality, thus bridging structure- and process-based approaches, and it also reflects personality psychology’s interest in the dynamic organization and interplay of thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions within persons who are always embedded into social, cultural and historic contexts.

The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes tackles each topic with a range of methods geared towards assessing and analyzing their dynamic nature, such as ecological momentary sampling of personality manifestations in real-life; dynamic modeling of time-series or longitudinal personality data; network modeling and simulation; and systems-theoretical models of dynamic processes.

Ties topics and methods together for a more dynamic understanding of personality

Summarizes existing knowledge and insights of personality dynamics and processes

Covers a broad compilation of cutting-edge insights

Addresses the biophysiological and social mechanisms underlying the expression and effects of personality

Examines within-person consistency and variability

The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes 1st Edition Table of contents:

Section I: Concepts and domains

Chapter 1. The history of dynamic approaches to personality

Abstract

Introduction

Early dynamic models

Control theory: The power of feedback

Formal models of personality dynamics

Dynamic processes ≠ stochastic variation

Some classic diary studies

Data collection methods

The ESM revolution

Conclusions

References

Chapter 2. Personality processes—From description to explanation

Abstract

Personality processes—From description to explanation

Where we stand (or: the customary way of thinking in personality psychology)

Why we doubt (or: the obstacle that hinders us to stay on the customary path)

Which arguments might justify traits as explanation (or: the—fruitless—attempt to remain on the customary path)

Why a new focus on personality processes is worth it (or: the exciting new path)

Who should search for processes (or: our point of departure)

What the actual state of knowledge concerning psychological processes is (or: how far we have gone on the new path)

How processes can be grouped and compared (or: a signpost for a unified work on processes)

How considering psychological processes connects subdisciplines (or: the bridges that are included in this path)

What shall be done with the trait concept (or: back to the roots)?

References

Chapter 3. Psychological processes and mechanisms to explain associations between personality traits and outcomes

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Overview of traits and trait mechanisms

Mediating mechanisms

Moderating mechanisms

Processes involving both moderation and mediation

Final remarks

References

Chapter 4. Within-person variability

Abstract

Early conceptualizations

Moving toward a science of within-person variability

Future directions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5. Processes of personality development: An update of the TESSERA framework

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Repeated momentary processes of situations, experiences, behaviors, and reactions

Associative and reflective processes during personality development

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6. Personality dynamics in the brain: Individual differences in updating of representations and their phylogenetic roots

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Basic personality traits that reflect individual differences in PARCS

Dynamics of PARCS

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7. Synergistic and dynamic genotype-environment interplays in the development of personality differences

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Theoretical considerations of genetic differences: Genes, apes, and bananas

Quantifying relative genetic and environmental contributions

Relative genetic and environmental contributions to personality differences

Unfolding of genetic and environmental influences in personality differences

Interplay of genetic and environmental influences on personality differences

Cutting-edge research on genotype-environment interplays in personality development

Conclusions and an integrative perspective

References

Chapter 8. Social interaction processes and personality

Abstract

Situating social interaction processes: Structure and content of a complex process domain of personality

The PERSOC framework: Understanding social interaction process chains and their relation to personality expression, consequences, and development

Interaction state contingencies and fluctuations

Empirical findings regarding individual differences in social interaction states

Limitations, perspectives, and implications: Understanding and assessing personality traits as dynamic social interaction systems

Conclusions

References

Chapter 9. Wild horses dressed like unicorns: Relationship effects on personality

Abstract

Levels of analysis

Relationship effects in ego-centered networks

Relationship effects in partner relationships

Methodological considerations

Outlook and future directions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10. Culture and personality processes: Basic tenets and current directions

Abstract

Culture: Its nature and many forms

Culture and personality studies: Back to the future

Basic debates never die: Emic vs. etic approaches

New theoretical developments

Personality and multiculturalism

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11. Psychopathology and personality functioning

Abstract

Medicalization of personality disorder diagnosis

Shift toward empirical classification

Extremity is not necessary or sufficient to define dysfunction

Maladaptive trait models

Mechanistic trait models

Integrating mechanistic models with existing clinical theory

The challenge of defining dysfunction

A comprehensive model of dysfunction

Summary

References

Chapter 12. Motives and goals, or: The joys and meanings of life

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Modes of behavior regulation

Motives

Goals

Relationships and interactions between motives and goals

Achieving motive-goal congruence

Coda: The contributions of motives and goals to well-being

References

Chapter 13. Fates beyond traits: The dynamics and impacts of personal project pursuit

Abstract

Units of analysis in personality psychology: Challenge and change

PPA: A multimodular methodology

The social ecology of personal project pursuit

Acting out of character: The dynamics of free traits

Well-doing: Core projects and their sustainable pursuit

References

Chapter 14. Self-regulatory processes and personality

Abstract

Personality traits as predicting self-regulation

Self-regulation as predicting personality traits

Stable individual differences in self-regulation

Conclusion

References

Chapter 15. Dynamic self-processes

Abstract

Introduction

Toward a classification of self-processes

Self-awareness

Mental time travel

Self-knowledge

Other important self-processes

Conclusion

References

Chapter 16. Narrative, identity, and the life story: Structural and process approaches

Abstract

Two theoretical “stories” about stories

Bringing the two frameworks together

Conclusions and directions for future work

References

Chapter 17. Integrative processes and personality coherence across levels of functioning

Abstract

The coherent actor

The coherent agent

The coherent author

Reflection and conclusion

References

Section II: Perspectives and theories

Chapter 18. Capturing interactions, correlations, fits, and transactions: A Person-Environment Relations Model

Abstract

Introduction

Respecifying the Lewinian formula

A general Person-Environment Relations Model (PERM)

Person-environment relations

Person-environment calibrations and navigation mechanisms

Recommendations and future directions

Conclusion

References

Further reading

Chapter 19. Evolutionary perspectives on the mechanistic underpinnings of personality

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Overview

Evolution and phenotypic variation

Evolutionary personality science

Concluding remarks

References

Chapter 20. Dual process models of personality

Abstract

Dual process approaches to the personality self-concept

Dual process approaches to motive dispositions

Empirical evidence on the reliability and validity of indirect personality measures

Advanced issues

Controversial issues

Conclusions

References

Chapter 21. Whole Trait Theory puts dynamics at the core of structure

Abstract

The big five and HEXACO are real and in need of explanation

Whole Trait Theory

The whole trait: Explanatory and descriptive parts

Empirical evidence for WTT claims

Future research directions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 22. The KAPA model of personality structure and dynamics

Abstract

The KAPA model: Conceptual premises

The KAPA model: Theory of personality architecture

The KAPA model: Theory of personality assessment

The KAPA model: Empirical strategies for identifying cross-situational coherence

Limitations and future directions

References

Chapter 23. Lifespan trait development: Toward an adequate theory of personality

Abstract

Acknowledgments

The evolution of FFT

A new test of social investment

FFT as a guide to studying trait developmental processes

Future directions

References

Chapter 24. Using functional fields to represent accounts of the psychological processes that produce actions

Abstract

Formally representing the psychological processes that produce actions

Using functional fields to represent the situation as perceived by the actor

Representing the field from verbal statements

Traits as regularities in forces within the person’s field

Worked example: Why did Frank Abagnale start a life of crime? (and then, why did he stop?)

Broader applications of functional fields

Creating field models to simulate possible interventions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 25. Interpersonal theory and personality processes

Abstract

Introduction

Interpersonal processing and dysfunction

Contrasting EMA and CAID methods

Future directions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 26. Dynamic pathways of personality: A further development of the personality systems framework

Abstract

Dynamics in a structural context

Dynamics are shaped by structure

Dynamics of self-control

Dynamics of action

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Chapter 27. Personality systems interactions (PSI theory): Toward a dynamic integration of personality theories

Abstract

Seven levels of personality functioning: Integrating divergent theories of personality

Systems interactions underlying decisiveness and self-growth

Conclusions

References

Section III: Methods and statistics

Chapter 28. Variability and consistency in the analysis of behavior

Abstract

Traditional conceptual and analytic approaches

The simplest case: Persons and situations

The slightly more complex case: Persons, situations, and person-situation interaction

A more than “slightly more” complex case: Persons, situations, and observations

Alternative estimation procedures

Summary

References

Chapter 29. Mobile sensing for studying personality dynamics in daily life

Abstract

Mobile sensing for capturing personality expression in daily life

Guidelines for studying personality dynamics using mobile sensing

Design factors to consider before launching a mobile sensing study

Description of tutorial materials

Analytic techniques to consider when working with sensor data

Describing within-person variability

Examining patterns over time

Identifying within-person dimensions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 30. Experience sampling and daily diary studies: Basic concepts, designs, and challenges

Abstract

Background of ESM studies

Research questions for experience sampling studies

Designing an experience sampling study

Preregistration of experience sampling studies

Platforms for experience sampling studies

Summary

References

Chapter 31. Modeling developmental processes

Abstract

Individual, mean, and differential change

Mean level, positional and rank-order stability, and linear change

Methods for describing developmental trajectories

Models for explaining developmental trajectories

Conclusion

References

Chapter 32. What if apples become oranges? A primer on measurement invariance in repeated measures research

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Introduction

What is measurement invariance?

A method for testing invariance

Advanced techniques for testing invariance

The practical impact of noninvariance

When invariance fails

The future of invariance testing

Conclusion

References

Chapter 33. Multilevel structural equation modeling for intensive longitudinal data: A practical guide for personality researchers

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Multilevel structural equation modeling for intensive longitudinal data: A practical guide for applied personality researchers

Issues associated with ILD in personality research

A basic introduction to MSEM

Empirical demonstrations

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Chapter 34. Hierarchical continuous time modeling

Abstract

Overview

Additional details

Conclusion

References

Chapter 35. Multitrait-multimethod-multioccasion modeling of personality data

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Multitrait-multimethod-multioccasion modeling of personality data

Data example

Results

Conclusion

References

Chapter 36. Dyadic data analysis

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Dyadic data analysis

Analysis of dyadic data from single dyads

Cross-sectional dyadic data

Analyzing dyadic data from dyads in groups

Conclusion

References

Chapter 37. Longitudinal structural equation modeling of personality data

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Models for examining state variability

Models for measuring change

Conclusion

References

Chapter 38. Finding order in the flow of personality: Dynamical systems techniques for measuring personality coherence and change

Abstract

Dynamics in personality theory and research

Key concepts in dynamical systems theory

Applying dynamical systems methods to study personality

Conclusion

References

Chapter 39. Personality traits in social interactions: A tutorial on network analysis of personality dynamics

Abstract

Introduction to network analysis

A tutorial on network analysis of personality dynamics

Implications for personality dynamics

General conclusions

References

Chapter 40. Virtual personalities and neural networks: Capturing the structure and dynamics of personality

Abstract

Goals of the current approach

Theoretical background

Overview of neural networks

Advantages of building a neural network model

Simulations

Conclusion

References

Section IV: Applications

Chapter 41. Personality dynamics in the workplace: An overview of emerging literatures and future research needs

Abstract

Personality defined

Representative literatures bearing on personality dynamics at work

Offerings of personality dynamics to work psychology

A partial model of personality dynamics in the workplace

Future research needs

Conclusion

References

Chapter 42. Within-person variability in job performance

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Job performance and within-person variability therein

Why is it important to adopt a within-person perspective on job performance?

Theories relevant to within-person job performance variability

Elaborating upon individual theories and integrating across theories: A road map

Implications for practice in organizational settings

References

Chapter 43. Process perspectives on leader traits, behaviors, and leadership situations

Abstract

A short summary of leader-trait research

Leaders and leadership outcomes: Which traits do matter?

A look into the leadership process: How and when do leader traits work?

Conclusion and outlook

References

Chapter 44. Assessing personality dynamics in personnel selection

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Traditional personality assessment in personnel selection

Toward a dynamic approach to personality in selection

Personality dynamics—A review of relevant concepts

Assessing personality dynamics using personality inventories

Assessing personality dynamics using situational judgment tests

Assessing personality dynamics using assessment center exercises

Quantification of within-person variability

Conclusion

References

Chapter 45. An integrative framework to study wisdom

Abstract

Acknowledgments

The many faces of wisdom

Integrating wisdom literatures

A process-oriented framework to study wisdom

The nomological lens model network

Exemplary application of the NLMN to two selected wisdom models

The NLMN as an integrative framework of wisdom

Conclusion

References

Chapter 46. Dynamic processes underlying individual differences in moral behavior

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Dynamic processes constituting individual differences in moral behavior

Individual differences proposed specifically to explain or describe moral behavior

A six-category taxonomy of individual differences in moral character

Category 1: Perception of moral relevance

Category 2: Judgment of morally correct behavior

Category 3: Affective prompts and inhibitors

Category 4: Identification with morality or others

Category 5: Moral courage and follow-through

Category 6: Enacted morality

Dynamic processes underlying these individual differences

Conclusion

References

Chapter 47. Personality and stress

Abstract

Acknowledgment

Personality and stress

Personality and stress: Concepts and definitions

Part I. Personality and stress: Short-term dynamics

Part II. Personality and stress: Long-term change

General remarks

References

Chapter 48. Subjective well-being as a dynamic construct

Abstract

Acknowledgments

Subjective well-being as a dynamic construct

How dynamic is SWB?

Short-term dynamics of SWB

Long-term dynamics of SWB

Conclusion

References

Chapter 49. Health processes in personality

Abstract

Health processes in personality

Personality traits and health outcomes

Mechanisms explaining personality-health associations

Personality and health processes model

Personality within medical settings

Conclusions

References

Chapter 50. Dynamics and processes in personality change interventions

Abstract

Dynamics and processes in personality change interventions

What are personality traits?

Can personality traits change?

Interventions to change personality traits

Volitional personality change interventions

Future directions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 51. PSI theory in action: The assessment of self-competences as an aid in counseling and therapy

Abstract

A short intro into PSI theory

Client A—When the self is not accessible

Client B—When the self is too accessible

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