The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820 1900 1st edition by Theodore M Porter ISBN 0691208425 978-0691208428

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ISBN 10:  0691208425
ISBN 13: 978-0691208428
Author: Theodore M Porter

An essential work on the origins of statisticsThe Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 explores the history of statistics from the field’s origins in the nineteenth century through to the factors that produced the burst of modern statistical innovation in the early twentieth century. Theodore Porter shows that statistics was not developed by mathematicians and then applied to the sciences and social sciences. Rather, the field came into being through the efforts of social scientists, who saw a need for statistical tools in their examination of society. Pioneering statistical physicists and biologists James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, and Francis Galton introduced statistical models to the sciences by pointing to analogies between their disciplines and the social sciences. A new preface by the author looks at how the book has remained relevant since its initial publication, and considers the current place of statistics in scientific research.

The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820 1900 1st Table of contents:

1. Preface

   • Introduction to the Emergence of Statistical Thought
   • Scope and Purpose of the Book
   • Acknowledgements

2. Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Quantitative Thinking

   • Early Attempts at Data Collection and Analysis
   • The Role of the Enlightenment in Shaping Scientific Inquiry
   • The Development of Probability Theory
   • Pre-Statistical Thinking: Census Data and Early Surveys

3. Chapter 2: The Birth of Modern Statistics

   • The Influence of Social and Economic Change in the 19th Century
   • The Role of Demography and Public Health in Statistical Thinking
   • Early Pioneers: Adolphe Quetelet and the Concept of the “Average Man”
   • The Development of Statistical Models in Social Science

4. Chapter 3: The Emergence of Probability and Statistical Methods

   • The Role of Probability Theory in Statistical Thinking
   • Pierre-Simon Laplace and the Foundations of Statistical Inference
   • The Development of the Normal Distribution and the Central Limit Theorem
   • The Concept of Statistical Regularity in Nature and Society

5. Chapter 4: The Influence of the Industrial Revolution

   • Statistical Applications in Industry and Economics
   • The Rise of Large-Scale Data Collection in Commerce and Manufacturing
   • The Role of Statistical Thinking in Economic Theories and Policies
   • The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Public Health and Population Studies

6. Chapter 5: Key Figures in the Development of Statistical Thinking

   • Sir Francis Galton and the Birth of Biometric Statistics
   • Karl Pearson and the Development of Correlation and Regression
   • John Venn and the Early Foundations of Set Theory in Statistics
   • The Contribution of William Farr to Public Health Statistics

7. Chapter 6: The Birth of Statistical Societies and Institutions

   • The Establishment of Statistical Societies in Europe
   • The Formation of the Royal Statistical Society and its Influence
   • The Role of Statistics in Government and Policy-Making
   • Early Educational Efforts to Formalize Statistical Training

8. Chapter 7: The Application of Statistics to Social Sciences

   • The Rise of Statistical Techniques in Sociology and Psychology
   • Statistical Methods in Education, Criminal Justice, and Sociology
   • The Development of Life Tables and Population Studies
   • The Use of Statistics in the Advancement of Social Reform

9. Chapter 8: Statistical Methods in the Natural and Physical Sciences

   • The Application of Statistics in the Physical Sciences: Meteorology and Astronomy
   • Statistical Techniques in Biology and Medicine
   • The Role of Statistical Thinking in Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
   • The Integration of Statistics with Scientific Experimentation

10. Chapter 9: The Development of Statistical Theory and Methodology

    • The Birth of Modern Statistical Inference
    • The Use of Sampling Theory and the Rise of Surveys
    • The Development of Hypothesis Testing and the p-value
    • The Work of Ronald A. Fisher and the Early Foundations of Experimental Design

11. Chapter 10: The Influence of Statistical Thinking on Society and Policy

    • The Role of Statistics in Public Health and Governmental Decision-Making
    • Statistical Thinking and the Growth of the Welfare State
    • Statistics as a Tool for Social and Economic Reform
    • The Ethical Implications of Statistical Decision-Making

12. Chapter 11: The Legacy of 19th Century Statistical Thinking

    • The Enduring Impact on 20th Century Statistical Theory and Practice
    • The Growth of Quantitative Social Science
    • The Influence of Early Statistical Thought on Modern Data Science
    • Statistical Thinking in the Age of Big Data and Machine Learning

13. Conclusion: The Statistical Revolution and the Modern World

    • Reflections on the Rise of Statistical Thinking
    • How 19th Century Innovations Continue to Shape Our Understanding of the World
    • The Continuing Evolution of Statistical Thought in the 21st Century

14. Appendices

    • Glossary of Key Terms in Statistical Thinking
    • Biographical Sketches of Key Figures in Early Statistics
    • Key Milestones in the History of Statistical Methodology

15. References

16. Index

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