Understanding Our Universe 4th Edition by Stacy Palen, George Blumenthal ISBN 9780393533811 0393533816

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ISBN 10: 0393533816
ISBN 13: 9780393533811
Author: Stacy Palen, George Blumenthal

Understanding Our Universe 4th Edition Table of contents:

1: Our Place in the Universe

1.1: Astronomy Creates a Universal Context

1.2: Science Is a Way of Viewing the World

1.3: Astronomers Use Mathematics to Find Patterns

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Scaling the Solar System

2 Patterns in the Sky—Motions of Earth and the Moon

2.1: Earth Spins on Its Axis

2.2: Revolution around the Sun Leads to Changes during the Year

2.3 The Moon’s Appearance Changes As It Orbits Earth

2.4: Shadows Cause Eclipses

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Phases of the Moon

3: Laws of Motion

3.1: Astronomers Have Studied the Motions of the Planets since Ancient Times

3.2: Galileo Was the First Modern Scientist

3.3 Newton’s Laws Govern Motion

3.4: Gravity Is a Force between Any Two Massive Objects

3.5 Orbits Are One Body “Falling around” Another

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Newtonian Orbits

4: Light and Telescopes

4.1: What Is Light?

4.2: Cameras and Spectrographs Record Astronomical Data

4.3: Telescopes Collect Light

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Light as a Wave

5: The Formation of Stars and Planets

5.1: Molecular Clouds Are the Cradles of Star Formation

5.2: The Protostar Becomes a Star

5.3: Planets Form in a Disk around the Protostar

5.4: The Inner and Outer Disk Have Different Compositions

5.5: A Case Study: The Solar System

5.6: Planetary Systems Are Common

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Exploring Exoplanets

6: Terrestrial Worlds in the Inner Solar System

6.1: Impacts Help Shape the Terrestrial Planets

6.2: The Surfaces of Terrestrial Planets Are Affected by Processes in the Interior

6.3: Planetary Surfaces Evolve through Tectonism

6.4: Volcanism Reveals a Geologically Active Planet

6.5: Wind and Water Modify Surfaces

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

exploration Earth’s Tides

7: Atmospheres of Venus, Earth, and Mars

7.1: Atmospheres Change over Time

7.2: Secondary Atmospheres Evolve

7.3 Earth’s Atmosphere Has Detailed Structure

7.4 The Atmospheres of Venus and Mars Differ from Earth’s

7.5 Earth’s Climate Is Changing

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Climate Change

8: The Giant Planets

8.1: Giant Planets Are Large, Cold, and Massive

8.2: The Giant Planets Have Clouds and Weather

8.3: The Interiors of the Giant Planets Are Hot and Dense

8.4: The Giant Planets Are Magnetic Powerhouses

8.5: Rings Surround the Giant Planets

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Estimating Rotation Periods of Giant Planets

9: Small Bodies of the Solar System

9.1: Dwarf Planets May Outnumber Planets

9.2: Moons as Small Worlds

9.3: Asteroids Are Pieces of the Past

9.4: Comets Are Clumps of Ice

9.5: Comet and Asteroid Collisions Still Happen Today

9.6: Meteorites Are Remnants of the Early Solar System

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Comparative Dwarf Planetology

10: Measuring the Stars

10.1: The Luminosity of a Star Can Be Found from Its Brightness and Distance

10.2: Radiation Tells Us the Temperature, Size, and Composition of Stars

10.3: The Mass of a Star Can Be Determined in Some Binary Systems

10.4: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Is the Key to Understanding Stars

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

11: Our Star: The Sun

11.1: The Structure of the Sun Is a Matter of Balance

11.2 Energy in the Sun’s Core Moves through Radiation and Convection

11.3: The Atmosphere of the Sun

11.4: The Atmosphere of the Sun Is Very Active

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: The Proton-Proton Chain

12: Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

12.1: The Life of a Main-Sequence Star Follows a Predictable Path

12.2: A Star Runs Out of Hydrogen and Leaves the Main Sequence

12.3: Helium Begins to Burn in the Degenerate Core

12.4: The Low-Mass Star Enters the Last Stages of Its Evolution

12.5: Binary Stars Sometimes Share Mass, Resulting in Novae and Supernovae

12.6: Star Clusters Are Snapshots of Stellar Evolution

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Evolution of Low-Mass Stars

13: Evolution of High-Mass Stars

13.1: High-Mass Stars Follow Their Own Path

13.2: High-Mass Stars Go Out with a Bang

13.3: Supernovae Change the Galaxy

13.4: Einstein Moved beyond Newtonian Physics

13.5: Gravity Is a Distortion of Spacetime

13.6: Black Holes Are a Natural Limit

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: The CNO Cycle

14: Measuring Galaxies

14.1: Galaxies Come in Many Sizes and Shapes

14.2: There Are Many Ways to Measure Astronomical Distances

14.3: We Live in an Expanding Universe

14.4: A Supermassive Black Hole Exists at the Heart of Most Galaxies

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Galaxy Classification

15: Dark Matter and the Milky Way

15.1: Galaxies Are Mostly Dark Matter

15.2 Stars Form in the Spiral Arms of a Galaxy’s Disk

15.3: Components of the Milky Way Reveal Its Evolution

15.4: The Milky Way Offers Clues about How Galaxies Form

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Dark Matter in a Galaxy

16: The Evolution of the Universe

16.1 Hubble’s Law Implies a Hot, Dense Beginning

16.2: The Cosmic Microwave Background Confirms the Big Bang

16.3: The Expansion of the Universe Is Speeding Up

16.4: The Earliest Moments of the Universe Connect the Very Largest Size Scales to the Very Smallest

16.5: Inflation Solves Several Problems in Cosmology

16.6: Are There Other Universes?

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

exploration Hubble’s Law for Balloons

17: Formation of Structure

17.1: Galaxies Form Groups, Clusters, and Larger Structures

17.2: Gravity Drives the Formation of Large-Scale Structure

17.3: The First Stars and Galaxies Form

17.4: Galaxies Evolve

17.5: Astronomers Think about the Far Future

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: The Story of a Proton

18: Life in the Universe

18.1: Life on Earth Began Early and Evolved over Time

18.2: Life beyond Earth Is Possible

18.3: Scientists Search for Signs of Intelligent Life

18.4: The Fate of Life on Earth

Reading Astronomy News

Summary

Exploration: Fermi Problems and the Drake Equation

Current Research Updates

2022.1 Formation of Stars and Planets

2022.2 Black Holes

2023.1 Large Scale Structure

2023.2 Exoplanet Atmospheres

Appendix 1: Periodic Table of the Elements

Appendix 2: Properties of Planets, Dwarf Planets, and Moons

Appendix 3: Nearest and Brightest Stars

Appendix 4: Star Maps

Glossary

Selected Answers

Credits

Index

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